Colorectal Cancer

International guideline on natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) for colorectal cancer (2025 version).

European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology · 2026 · PMID 42731257

PURPOSE: Natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) has emerged as a minimally invasive technique in colorectal cancer treatment, offering improved postoperative recovery and cosmetic outcomes. Building upon previous editions, this third edition guideline aims to update and refine technical classifications, indications, and procedural standards based on the latest evidence and accumulated clinical experience. METHODS: This guideline was jointly developed by the Colorectal Cancer Committee of the China Anti…

[KASID Guidelines for Diagnosis and Monitoring of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: 2026].

The Korean journal of gastroenterology = Taehan Sohwagi Hakhoe chi · 2026 · PMID 42928004

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by heterogeneous disease presentations and clinical courses. Accurate diagnosis and appropriate disease monitoring play an important role in improving long-term outcomes by preventing misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment; enabling early detection of disease progression, treatment failure, and disease-related complications; and facilitating timely adjustment of treatment strategies. The Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases (KASID) developed guide…

UGT1A1 genotype testing for irinotecan: A guideline developed by the UK Centre of Excellence in Regulatory Science and Innovation in Pharmacogenomics (CERSI-PGx).

British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026 · PMID 42389808

Irinotecan, a topoisomerase I inhibitor, is available as both non-pegylated and pegylated formulations. The non-pegylated formulation is licensed for use in advanced colorectal cancer either in combination with other agents or as monotherapy. However, it is also used off-label across a range of gastrointestinal malignancies and in rare malignancies such as glioblastoma and sarcomas. The pegylated formulation is licensed for use as combination therapy in adult patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Irin…

ACG Clinical Guideline: Diagnosis and Management of Adenomatous Colorectal Polyposis Syndromes.

The American journal of gastroenterology · 2026 · PMID 42683623

The hereditary adenomatous colorectal polyposis syndromes are incurable, systemic, cancer risk predisposition syndromes with substantial morbidity and mortality. They differ in their mode of inheritance, age at disease onset, phenotypic expression, and cancer risk. The most common cancer risks involve the gastrointestinal tract including the colon, rectum, duodenum, ampulla, and stomach. Identifying these syndromes through personal and family history risk assessment and germline genetic testing, along with timely s…

ESTRO recommendations for the use, planning and delivery of reirradiation in locally recurrent rectal cancer - Endorsed by ASTRO.

Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology · 2026 · PMID 42364818

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Reirradiation for locally recurrent rectal cancer (LRRC) has historically been restricted by concerns regarding significant adverse effects, particularly with reirradiation doses (in EQD2Gy) ≥ 30 Gy. Advances in radiation technology now enable safer delivery, renewing interest in (chemo)reirradiation as part of multimodal management. Given the scarcity of prospective data and the considerable variability in radiotherapy approaches, there is a clear need for recommendations to enhance treatme…

EAES, SAGES, and ESCP rapid guideline: bowel preparation for minimally invasive colorectal resection.

Surgical endoscopy · 2023 · PMID 37903883

BACKGROUND: Variation exists in practice pertaining to bowel preparation before minimally invasive colorectal surgery. A survey of EAES members prioritized this topic to be addressed by a clinical practice guideline. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to develop evidence-informed clinical practice recommendations on the use of bowel preparation before minimally invasive colorectal surgery, through evidence synthesis and a structured evidence-to-decision framework by an interdisciplinary panel of stakeholders. METH…

Systematic review of the management options available for low anterior resection syndrome (LARS).

Techniques in coloproctology · 2025 · PMID 39903381

BACKGROUND: Rectal cancer incidence is increasing. Low anterior resection is currently the gold standard surgical management. Postoperatively, patients may present with symptoms indicative of low anterior resection syndrome (LARS). LARS can be debilitating and is difficult to treat with low efficacy of treatment modalities. This systematic review aims to highlight the current evidence regarding LARS management. METHODS: Systematic review of Medline, Cochrane and Embase used the following terms: "low anterior resect…

Complete Resection of Simultaneous Hepatic and Pulmonary Metastases from Colorectal Cancer in the Era of Modern Systemic and Surgical Therapies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Annals of surgical oncology · 2026 · PMID 42632879

BACKGROUND: Data suggest promising outcomes with resection of simultaneous hepato-pulmonary metastases (HPM) from metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, there is no consensus regarding the effectiveness of this approach. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the feasibility and clinical benefit of metastasectomy of simultaneous HPM from mCRC. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, inclu…

Perianal Mucinous Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report and a Systematic Review of the Literature.

Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2024 · PMID 39422801

BACKGROUND: Mucinous adenocarcinoma of anus is an uncommon neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract. In most of the cases, early diagnosis of this disease is difficult since its symptoms frequently mimic benign inflammatory conditions. METHODS: A systematic PubMed and Scopus search was conducted, a propos of a case report. RESULTS: One hundred fifty patients from 93 case reports were included. The mean age of the patients was 60.5 years (range: 18-81). The majority of them were males (124 out of 150, 82.7%), while th…

Clinical practice guidelines for the nutrition of colorectal cancer patients: a systematic review.

Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2024 · PMID 38396102

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to rigorously assess the methodological quality of published clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) related to nutrition among colorectal cancer patients, to compile consensus recommendations, and to evaluate the quality of the included CPGs. METHODS: The systematic search covered eight electronic databases, two relevant professional association websites, and six guideline websites from their inception up to January 22, 2023. The methodological quality of the eligible guidelines was e…

Evidence Gap in Managing Lateral Pelvic Lymph Nodes in Rectal Cancer: a Systematic Review of Radiation Boost Strategies.

Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2026 · PMID 42704578

PURPOSE: Lateral pelvic lymph node (LPLN) involvement is a significant predictor of local recurrence in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). While lateral pelvic lymph node dissection (LPLND) is routinely used in some countries to manage suspicious nodes, it is associated with increased morbidity and is not widely adopted in Western practice. Radiation boost (dose escalation) to involved LPLNs during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) has emerged as a potential non-surgical alternative. Despite in…

Robotic pelvic side-wall lymph node dissection for rectal cancer: a systematic review of videos and application of the IDEAL 2A framework.

Journal of robotic surgery · 2023 · PMID 36689077

Lateral pelvic lymph node dissection (LPLND) in rectal cancer has gained increasing traction worldwide. Robotic LPLND is an emerging technique. Utilising the IDEAL (idea, development, exploration, assessment and long-term follow-up) framework for surgical innovation, robotic LPLND is currently at the IDEAL 2A stage (development) mainly limited to case reports, case series and videos. A systematic literature review was performed for videographic robotic LPLND. Pubmed, Ovid and Web of Science were searched with a pre…

Nanotechnology-Enabled Immunotherapy for Colorectal Cancer: Overcoming the "Cold" Tumor Microenvironment in Microsatellite-Stable Disease.

International journal of nanomedicine · 2026 · PMID 42928874

BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the management of mismatch repair-deficient/microsatellite instability-high (dMMR/MSI-H) colorectal cancer (CRC), yet the ~95% of patients with mismatch repair-proficient/microsatellite-stable (pMMR/MSS) disease derive little benefit owing to an immunologically "cold" tumor microenvironment (TME), poor T-cell infiltration, myeloid dominance, TGF-β-enriched stroma, and the systemically immunosuppressive milieu imposed by hepatic metastases. Clinically …

Pharmacotherapy for older adults with cancer: a digest of the Japanese clinical practice guidelines (2nd edition)-gastrointestinal cancers.

International journal of clinical oncology · 2026 · PMID 42789150

BACKGROUND: The number of older adults with gastrointestinal cancers is increasing in rapidly aging societies. However, optimal pharmacotherapy for this population remains challenging because of heterogeneity in functional status, comorbidities, and the limited representation of older patients in clinical trials. METHODS: This article presents an English digest of the Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Pharmacotherapy in Older Adults with Cancer (second edition) [5] with a focus on gastrointestinal cancers. …

Executive Summary of the American Radium Society Appropriate Use Criteria for Selective Use of Pelvic Radiation Therapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Consensus Statement.

International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics · 2026 · PMID 41895479

Pelvic radiotherapy is commonly incorporated in the treatment of locally-advanced rectal cancer to reduce the risk of locoregional recurrence, but can be associated with substantial acute toxicity and long-term morbidity. However, treatment may be personalized for selective use of radiotherapy in a subset of patients identified to be at low to intermediate risk of locoregional recurrence following resection. This multi-specialty-led committee included gastrointestinal radiation and medical oncology, gastroenterolog…

The enigma of incisional hernia prediction unraveled: external validation of a prognostic model in colorectal cancer patients.

Hernia : the journal of hernias and abdominal wall surgery · 2024 · PMID 38227093

PURPOSE: Accurate prediction of hernia occurrence is vital for surgical decision-making and patient management, particularly in colorectal surgery patients. While a hernia prediction model has been developed, its performance in external populations remain to be investigated. This study aims to validate the existing model on an external dataset of patients who underwent colorectal surgery. METHODS: The "Penn Hernia Calculator" model was externally validated using the Hughes Abdominal Repair Trial (HART) data, a rand…

Lifetime direct healthcare costs of treating colorectal cancer: a systematic review.

The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2023 · PMID 35844018

Colorectal cancer is a global public health issue and imposes a significant economic burden on populations and healthcare systems. This paper systematically reviews the literature to estimate the direct costs of colorectal cancer incurred during different phases of treatment (initial, continuing and end of life). MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of science, Evidence-based medicine reviews: National health service economic evaluation database guide, econlit and grey literature from the 1st of January 2000 to the 1st of February…

Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA) for Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) Detection in Colorectal Cancer (CRC): Current Evidence, Clinical Applications, and Future Directions.

Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026 · PMID 42930172

Minimal residual disease (MRD) is a major contributor to colorectal cancer (CRC) recurrence following curative-intent treatment, yet conventional surveillance methods may fail to detect residual disease at its earliest stages. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has emerged as a minimally invasive biomarker for MRD detection and postoperative monitoring. We conducted a structured PubMed-based literature review and included 94 publications evaluating ctDNA in CRC. Across the literature, postoperative ctDNA positivity was …

Activation of the endocytosis pathway stratifies subtypes and therapeutic sensitivity in colorectal cancer.

Oncogene · 2026 · PMID 42897222

Endocytosis regulates receptor trafficking and signaling, yet its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. We analyzed transcriptomic data from 15,025 CRC tumors to evaluate gene expression in clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) and the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) pathway. Pathway-level signatures were compared across consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) and examined in relation to oncogenic signaling programs, while individual endocytosis-related genes were evaluated for associ…

The Role of Computational Models in the Detection of Colorectal Carcinoma and Precancerous Lesions.

International journal of molecular sciences · 2026 · PMID 42737839

Colonoscopy is a key screening method for colorectal cancer (CRC), but its effectiveness is limited. Computer-aided detection (CADe) and computer-aided diagnostics (CADx), as part of an artificial intelligence (AI) system, improve the detection and optical characterization of lesions. This review maps and analyzes the evidence on the application of AI in colonoscopy, with a focus on the detection, segmentation, and characterization of colon neoplasms, available platforms, architectural models and implementation. Th…

Circulating tumor DNA-guided de-escalation or escalation of adjuvant therapy in high-risk stage II and stage III colon cancer: the phase 2 PEGASUS trial.

Nature cancer · 2026 · PMID 42736431

Oxaliplatin-fluoropyrimidine combinations are standard adjuvant therapy after radical resection of high-risk stage II and stage III colon cancer but expose many patients to toxicity while failing to prevent relapse in others. PEGASUS was a multicenter, single-arm, phase 2 trial evaluating the feasibility of an adaptive circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)-guided treatment strategy in patients with resected microsatellite-stable, T4N0 or stage III colon cancer. Postsurgery ctDNA-positive patients received 3 months of CAPOX…

Recommendations for the optimal management of peritoneal metastases in patients with colorectal cancer: a TTD and GECOP-SEOQ expert consensus statement.

Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2023 · PMID 37140736

Peritoneal metastases (PM) occur when cancer cells spread inside the abdominal cavity and entail an advanced stage of colorectal cancer (CRC). Prognosis, which is poor, correlates highly with tumour burden, as measured by the peritoneal cancer index (PCI). Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) in specialized centres should be offered especially to patients with a low to moderate PCI when complete resection is expected. The presence of resectable metastatic disease in other organs is not a contraindication in well-selected pa…

Development of a Novel Real-Time Computer-Assisted Colonoscopy Diagnostic Tool for Colorectal Neoplasia and Cancer to Enable Personalized Patient Management: Protocol for a Multicenter Proof-of-Concept Study.

JMIR research protocols · 2026 · PMID 42905971

BACKGROUND: Accurate real-time classification of colorectal polyps during colonoscopy is essential for risk stratification, therapeutic decision-making, and surveillance planning, with important implications for colorectal cancer prevention, health care costs, and patient burden. Despite advances in optical diagnosis techniques, including virtual chromoendoscopy and magnification, widespread adoption remains limited because of high operator dependency and variable diagnostic accuracy. Existing computer-assisted dia…

Quality of life assessment for colorectal cancer follow-up: A latent profile analysis of EORTC measures.

Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland · 2026 · PMID 42494069

AIM: To identify distinct health-related quality of life (HRQoL) profiles among colorectal cancer (CRC) patients using patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), with the aim of informing more personalised follow-up strategies. METHODS: Baseline HRQoL data from CRC patients enrolled in the FUTURE-primary study, a multicentre implementation study on home-based follow-up, were analysed. Patients completed the EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-CR29 questionnaires. Aggregated symptom and function scales were developed using factor…

Root-Cause Analysis of Post-Endoscopy Esophageal Neoplasia in a Multicenter Prospective Barrett's Esophagus/Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Registry.

Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2026 · PMID 41115582

Endoscopic surveillance is pivotal for the detection of dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus (BE), the only known precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). However, the effectiveness of endoscopic surveillance remains suboptimal. Similar to post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC), post-endoscopy esophageal neoplasia (PEEN) is a potential explanation for this reduced effectiveness.1 PEEN is defined as BE-related high-grade dysplasia (HGD) or EAC detected before the next recommended surveillance endoscopy after a …

[KASID Guidelines for Diagnosis and Monitoring of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: 2026].

The Korean journal of gastroenterology = Taehan Sohwagi Hakhoe chi · 2026 · PMID 42928004

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by heterogeneous disease presentations and clinical courses. Accurate diagnosis and appropriate disease monitoring play an important role in improving long-term outcomes by preventing misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment; enabling early detection of disease progression, treatment failure, and disease-related complications; and facilitating timely adjustment of treatment strategies. The Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases (KASID) developed guide…

The predicting value of post neoadjuvant treatment magnetic resonance imaging: a meta-analysis.

Surgical endoscopy · 2024 · PMID 39174708

INTRODUCTION: Neoadjuvant therapy has become standard of care for locally advanced rectal cancer patients. It is correlated with improved clinical and pathological outcomes, including significant tumor downstaging and organ preservation in certain patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which has become the standard for pre-operative staging, is also used for clinical and pre-operative restaging following pre-operative treatment. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to evaluate the concordance between restaging MRI …

Comparative efficacy of fruquintinib, regorafenib or TAS-102 in patients with KRAS-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Frontiers in oncology · 2026 · PMID 42964049

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to synthesize evidence from recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy of regorafenib, fruquintinib, and TAS-102 in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Using a network meta-analysis, we compared long-term survival outcomes (overall and progression-free survival) in the overall population and in patients with KRAS mutations, to guide treatment decisions and inform therapy selection in molecularly defined subgroups. METHODS: We systematically searched…

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy and Safety of Regorafenib in the Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.

Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2024 · PMID 39710828

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Despite advances in treatment, metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) remains a significant challenge due to its heterogeneity and resistance to therapy. Regorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor, can inhibit tumor progression through multiple mechanisms, thereby improving patient prognosis. It has emerged as a potential treatment option for mCRC patients who have progressed on standard therapies. This systematic rev…

Comparative analysis of safety and effectiveness between natural orifice specimen extraction and conventional transabdominal specimen extraction in robot-assisted colorectal cancer resection through systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal of robotic surgery · 2024 · PMID 39361096

The goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the perioperative and oncologic results of natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE) compared to conventional transabdominal specimen extraction (TASE) in robotic-assisted surgery for colorectal cancer. A comprehensive electronic search will be performed on PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to find research articles published from the beginning of the databases to July 2024 that focus on patients who have undergone robotic-assisted surgery …

Preoperative CT-Scan Angiography Reconstruction Before Right Colectomy with Complete Mesocolon Excision: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2024 · PMID 39739073

BACKGROUND: Complete mesocolon excision (CME) and central vascular ligation for right colonic cancers have been developed to improve oncological outcomes. However, it has been linked with a higher risk of morbidity and technical difficulties in operating near major vessels. This study investigated the impact of preoperative surgical planning utilizing CT reconstruction on surgical outcomes in right colectomy with CME. METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis followed PRISMA and AMSTAR 2 guidelines. The ana…

Perianal Mucinous Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report and a Systematic Review of the Literature.

Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2024 · PMID 39422801

BACKGROUND: Mucinous adenocarcinoma of anus is an uncommon neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract. In most of the cases, early diagnosis of this disease is difficult since its symptoms frequently mimic benign inflammatory conditions. METHODS: A systematic PubMed and Scopus search was conducted, a propos of a case report. RESULTS: One hundred fifty patients from 93 case reports were included. The mean age of the patients was 60.5 years (range: 18-81). The majority of them were males (124 out of 150, 82.7%), while th…

Non-gastrointestinal symptom burden following colorectal cancer treatment-a systematic review.

Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2024 · PMID 39361213

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Improvements in screening and treatment have allowed for earlier detection and longer survival. However, treatments, which may involve surgery, radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, often lead to patients developing both gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal symptoms that can persist long term. This systematic review aims to understand better the non-gastrointestinal symptoms that patients develop after colorectal cancer treatment and h…

Preoperative nutritional status as a determinant of postoperative outcomes in colorectal cancer patients: A systematic review.

Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2026 · PMID 42965160

OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate preoperative nutritional status as a determinant of postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: This systematic review used the PRISMA 2020 framework and it was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420261292825). An extensive comprehensive literature review was performed from January 2010 to December 2025 using Embase, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases. All peer-reviewed articles that ass…

Standard-definition White-light, High-definition White-light versus Narrow-band Imaging Endoscopy for Detecting Colorectal Adenomas: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

Current medical science · 2024 · PMID 38842773

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the performance of standard-definition white-light endoscopy (SD-WL), high-definition white-light endoscopy (HD-WL), and high-definition narrow-band imaging (HD-NBI) in detecting colorectal lesions in the Chinese population. METHODS: This was a multicenter, single-blind, randomized, controlled trial with a non-inferiority design. Patients undergoing endoscopy for physical examination, screening, and surveillance were enrolled from July 2017 to December 2020. The primary outcom…

Effectiveness of G-CSF in chemotherapy for digestive system tumors: a systematic review of the Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Use of G-CSF 2022 delineated by the Japan Society of Clinical Oncology.

International journal of clinical oncology · 2024 · PMID 38578596

BACKGROUND: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) reportedly reduces the risk of neutropenia and subsequent infections caused by cancer chemotherapy. Although several guidelines recommend using G-CSF in primary prophylaxis according to the incidence rate of chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia (FN), the effectiveness of G-CSF in digestive system tumor chemotherapy remains unclear. To address these clinical questions, we conducted a systematic review as part of revising the Clinical Practice Guidelines f…

Application of machine learning for predicting lymph node metastasis in T1 colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2024 · PMID 39311932

BACKGROUND: We review and analyze research on the application of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models to lymph node metastasis (LNM) prediction in patients with T1 colorectal cancer (CRC). Predicting LNM before radical surgery is important in patients with T1 CRC. However, current surgical treatment guidelines are limited. LNM prediction using ML or DL may improve predictive accuracy. The diagnostic accuracy of LNM prediction using ML- and DL-based models for patients with CRC was assessed. METHODS: …

A systematic review of the effects of diet on the gut microbiota in individuals at elevated risk for colorectal cancer.

Frontiers in nutrition · 2026 · PMID 42964076

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a major public health concern, with emerging evidence highlighting the critical role of the gut microbiota in CRC progression. Considering that diet is a major modifiable factor influencing CRC risk, partly through its interaction with the gut microbiome, this systematic review evaluated the effects of dietary intervention RCTs, including supplements, functional foods, whole foods, and dietary patterns, on the gut microbiome in elevated-risk individuals. METHODS: A search o…

Effect of Personalized Risk Messages on Patient Intent and Decision Making in Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making · 2026 · PMID 42517432

PurposeTo measure the impact of a personalized message about current risk of having advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACN; colorectal cancer [CRC] or advanced precancerous polyp) on informed concordance and CRC screening decision-making outcomes.MethodsA total of 1,084 patients, aged 50 to 75 y, with an upcoming clinic appointment, due for CRC screening, and at average risk for CRC were randomized to view a decision aid (DA) about CRC screening with or without personalized ACN risk information. Providers were randomiz…

Association of dietary patterns derived by reduced-rank regression with colorectal cancer risk and mortality.

European journal of nutrition · 2024 · PMID 39607503

PURPOSE: Unhealthy dietary patterns contribute to an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Limited prior research has used reduced rank regression (RRR) to assess dietary patterns relative to CRC risk. This study aimed to identify dietary patterns derived by RRR and assess their associations with CRC risk and mortality. METHODS: We used data from the multicentre Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening (PLCO) trial. Dietary intake was assessed using a Dietary History Questionnaire. In the RRR i…

Efficacy of colonoscopic re-examination across the entire colon: a randomized controlled trial.

Surgical endoscopy · 2024 · PMID 39327294

BACKGROUND: In standard colonoscopic examinations, some polyps may be missed during the withdrawal phase. Re-examination of the right colon can improve the adenoma detection rate (ADR). However, the effectiveness of applying this re-examination strategy to the entire colon remains unknown. We investigated whether re-examination could increase the detection rate of polyps and adenomas throughout the colon. METHODS: A randomized, controlled, single-center trial (NCT03268200) was conducted in a university hospital. Pa…

Temporal patterns and influencing factors associated with low anterior resection syndrome after rectal cancer surgery: A scoping review.

The Journal of international medical research · 2026 · PMID 42954448

ObjectivesTo map the existing evidence on the evolution of low anterior resection syndrome, including factors associated with stage-specific low anterior resection syndrome outcomes and longitudinal changes in symptoms.MethodsThis scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guideline. Seven databases were searched through 31 December 2025, with Engli…

Consistent Metabolomic and Genetic Evidence Supports Acisoga as a Key Contributor to Colorectal Neoplasia Progression.

Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026 · PMID 42201318

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer incidence and mortality worldwide. Early detection and accurate risk stratification of precursor lesions remain critical challenges. Integrating metabolomics with genetic analysis may improve the understanding of colorectal cancer development and identify disease determinants. METHODS: Untargeted serum metabolomics was performed in 513 individuals: 185 controls; 74 with low-, 98 with intermediate-, and 100 with high-risk lesions; and 56 colorectal cancer ca…

Platelet activation, aspirin, and cancer: From basic science to clinical trials.

Pharmacological reviews · 2026 · PMID 41592353

There is extensive evidence that aspirin prevents cancer, but the mechanism of action is uncertain. Once-daily low-dose aspirin (75-100 mg) completely and permanently inactivates the cyclooxygenase (COX) activity of prostaglandin G/H synthase-1 (COX-1) in platelets, suppressing thromboxane (TX)A2-dependent platelet activation. In this article, we review the mechanistic links between platelet activation, inflammation, cancer development, and progression and summarize recent clinical trial results and associated biom…

Pharmacotherapy for older adults with cancer: a digest of the Japanese clinical practice guidelines (2nd edition)-gastrointestinal cancers.

International journal of clinical oncology · 2026 · PMID 42789150

BACKGROUND: The number of older adults with gastrointestinal cancers is increasing in rapidly aging societies. However, optimal pharmacotherapy for this population remains challenging because of heterogeneity in functional status, comorbidities, and the limited representation of older patients in clinical trials. METHODS: This article presents an English digest of the Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Pharmacotherapy in Older Adults with Cancer (second edition) [5] with a focus on gastrointestinal cancers. …

In vitro 3D drug sensitivity testing for patient-derived tumor-like cell clusters and whole-exome sequencing to personalize postoperative treatment: A study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial.

PloS one · 2025 · PMID 40658653

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the third most common cancer globally, with significant postoperative recurrence and metastasis rates. The heterogeneity of CRC presents challenges in the selection of adjuvant chemotherapy regimens, highlighting the need for personalized treatment strategies. The development of in vitro models for drug sensitivity testing, including a novel patient-derived tumor-like cell cluster (PTC) model, offers a potential solution for predicting drug efficacy and guiding treatment…

Effects of Esketamine on Postoperative Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Scores in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Radical Resection for Colorectal Cancer.

Journal of investigative surgery : the official journal of the Academy of Surgical Research · 2026 · PMID 42723442

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of intravenous esketamine on postoperative Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection for colorectal cancer. METHODS: In this prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study, adult patients for elective laparoscopic radical resection were randomly assigned (1:1) to a control group (group C) or an esketamine group (group PE). Group C received conventional general anesthesia and patient-controlled intravenous analge…

Expanding access to colorectal cancer screening through community pharmacies: Study protocol for the PharmFIT™ randomized controlled trial.

Contemporary clinical trials · 2026 · PMID 42632449

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer death. Fecal immunochemical test (FIT) screening remains underused, particularly in underserved communities. Community pharmacies are highly accessible and increasingly deliver preventive care, yet pharmacy-based CRC screening has not been tested in a large pragmatic randomized trial with concurrent implementation and economic evaluation. This protocol describes a pragmatic trial testing a pharmacy-based CRC screening intervention using FIT, called Ph…

Effect of a Theory-Based Narrative Video on Colorectal Cancer Screening Intention, Knowledge, and Psychosocial Variables Among a Predominantly Hispanic Population.

Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education · 2024 · PMID 38777997

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the third leading cause of cancer death in the USA. Latinx adults are overrepresented in late-stage CRC diagnosis as CRC screening utilization remains low among Latinx-identifying individuals. This study aims to evaluate the effect of a theory-based narrative video following a culturally appropriate storyline on CRC screening intention, knowledge, and psychosocial variables along the U.S.-Mexico border. We designed and analyzed a non-randomized pre-posttest evaluation of a narrative,…

Pooled analysis of 2 clinical trials of first-line chemoimmunotherapy for metastatic microsatellite stable colorectal cancer MEDITREME and METIMMOX studies.

Oncoimmunology · 2026 · PMID 42322272

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer with microsatellite stable (MSS) status is intrinsically resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy targeting PD-1 or PD-L1. However, emerging evidence suggests that chemotherapies may overcome this resistance when combined with immunotherapy. METHODS: We conducted a pooled analysis of individual patient data from two phase II trials evaluating oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy combined with checkpoint inhibitors as first-line treatment for MSS metastatic colorectal cancer. The …

International guideline on natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) for colorectal cancer (2025 version).

European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology · 2026 · PMID 42731257

PURPOSE: Natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) has emerged as a minimally invasive technique in colorectal cancer treatment, offering improved postoperative recovery and cosmetic outcomes. Building upon previous editions, this third edition guideline aims to update and refine technical classifications, indications, and procedural standards based on the latest evidence and accumulated clinical experience. METHODS: This guideline was jointly developed by the Colorectal Cancer Committee of the China Anti…

Beyond predictive performance: A systematic review and critical methodological appraisal of AI/ML and conventional modelling strategies in breast, colorectal, and pancreatic Cancer.

Artificial intelligence in medicine · 2026 · PMID 42641254

BACKGROUND: Predictive modelling for cancer risk, treatment-related complications, and survival is central to precision oncology. Conventional logistic regression (LR) and Cox proportional hazards (CoxPH) regression remain widely used but are limited when modelling nonlinear interactions, high-dimensional imaging features, and multimodal clinical-metabolic predictors. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) methods offer expanded capability through automated feature extraction, ensemble learning, and…

Prognostic models and predictors of recurrence in resectable colorectal liver metastases: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Critical reviews in oncology/hematology · 2026 · PMID 42669322

We systematically reviewed prognostic models for recurrence after curative-intent locoregional treatment of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) and quantitatively synthesized prognostic factors associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS). From 2208 records across 26 years of literature, 293 studies were included, encompassing 85,150 patients in development cohorts and 5549 patients in validation cohorts. Most models targeted risk stratification rather than clinically actionable prediction, and Cox proportional ha…

[KASID Guidelines for Diagnosis and Monitoring of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: 2026].

The Korean journal of gastroenterology = Taehan Sohwagi Hakhoe chi · 2026 · PMID 42928004

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by heterogeneous disease presentations and clinical courses. Accurate diagnosis and appropriate disease monitoring play an important role in improving long-term outcomes by preventing misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment; enabling early detection of disease progression, treatment failure, and disease-related complications; and facilitating timely adjustment of treatment strategies. The Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases (KASID) developed guide…

Image-based artificial intelligence for the prediction of pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

La Radiologia medica · 2024 · PMID 38512622

OBJECTIVE: Artificial intelligence (AI) holds enormous potential for noninvasively identifying patients with rectal cancer who could achieve pathological complete response (pCR) following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to summarize the diagnostic performance of image-based AI models for predicting pCR to nCRT in patients with rectal cancer. METHODS: This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A literature search of…

What is the prognostic significance of positive lymph nodes at the circumferential resection margin in rectal cancer: a systematic review.

Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract · 2026 · PMID 42660345

INTRODUCTION: Circumferential resection margin (CRM) positivity is an established predictor of local recurrence and survival in rectal cancer. The prognostic impact of CRM positivity specifically attributable to tumor within lymph nodes at the CRM (node-positive CRM) is unclear. We performed a systematic review to determine whether CRM positivity caused by lymph node metastases confers a similar oncological risk to CRM positivity from direct tumor extension. METHODS: A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, …

Effect of Pringle maneuver on prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases after liver resection: a meta-analysis.

Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2024 · PMID 38316643

PURPOSE: Pringle maneuver (PM) is a double-edged sword in liver resection, which is beneficial in reducing blood loss but also causes ischemia-reperfusion injury which may stimulate the outgrowth of micrometastases. The impact of PM on tumor recurrence remains controversial. This study aimed to assess whether PM has effect on the prognosis of colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM) after hepatectomy. METHODS: PubMed and the Cochrane Library databases were searched. The PM is defined as the portal triad clamping f…

The associations between household food insecurity and cancer: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies among adults.

Social science & medicine (1982) · 2026 · PMID 42685390

BACKGROUND: Household food insecurity (HFI) is a critical social determinant of health that can adversely influence cancer prevention, treatment, and survivorship, while a cancer diagnosis with its financial and functional consequences may also increase the risk of HFI. This study aimed to examine the associations between HFI and cancer-related outcomes. METHODS: A systematic search was done in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library until July 29, 2025. Eligible studies were observational in a…

Restorative resection in robot-assisted versus laparoscopic total mesorectal excision: systematic review and meta-analysis.

The British journal of surgery · 2026 · PMID 42837183

BACKGROUND: The surgical treatment of rectal cancer is based on the principle of total mesorectal excision (TME). Owing to its technological advantages, robot-assisted total mesorectal excision (R-TME) is hypothesized to facilitate primary anastomosis more frequently than laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (L-TME). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate whether R-TME is associated with a higher likelihood of restorative surgery compared with L-TME. METHODS: This systematic review and meta…

The impact of previous abdominal surgery on colorectal cancer patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery.

Updates in surgery · 2024 · PMID 38839724

The current study aimed to investigate whether previous abdominal surgery (PAS) could affect the outcomes of colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery. We conducted the search strategy in three databases (PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library) from inception to May 26, 2022. The short-term and long-term outcomes were compared between the PAS group and the non-PAS group. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled up. Stata (V.16.0) software was used for data analysis. We included 34,827 patients from …

Reduced oxaliplatin exposure in gastrointestinal cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Cancer treatment reviews · 2026 · PMID 42801795

BACKGROUND: Oxaliplatin chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is dose-limiting, severe, and often permanent. Whether reduced oxaliplatin exposure (ROE) preserves efficacy while limiting toxicity across gastrointestinal (GI) cancers remains uncertain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing ROE strategies versus standard-duration oxaliplatin-based therapy in GI malignancies. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed according to PRISMA guidelines. …

Chinese Medicine Combined with Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Improving Myelosuppression in Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Chinese journal of integrative medicine · 2024 · PMID 38212495

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) combined with adjuvant chemotherapy on myelosuppression for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients using network meta-analysis (NMA). METHODS: Literature searches in both international (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) and Chinese (China Science and Technology Journal Database, Wanfang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure) databases for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were conducted from inception until Octo…

Urinary and sexual function after robotic and laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal of robotic surgery · 2024 · PMID 38907844

The purpose of the study was to compare the protective effects of robotic rectal cancer surgery (RRCS) and laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery (LRCS) on urinary and sexual function of patients. We conducted a systematic search in the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase for studies comparing the impact of RRCS and LRCS on urinary function and sexual function. The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), the five-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) and the Female …

Survival Outcomes in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients with BRAF Mutations Undergoing Targeted Chemotherapy: A Reconstructed Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2026 · PMID 42957919

BACKGROUND: BRAF V600E-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) represents an aggressive molecular subtype associated with poor prognosis and limited response to conventional chemotherapy. Although multiple targeted strategies, including anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and BRAF-directed therapies, are used in clinical practice, their comparative effectiveness remains uncertain. We performed a reconstructed individual patient-data (IPD) meta-analysis of…

A systematic review and meta-analysis of preoperative MRI-based pelvimetry in predicting surgical difficulty in rectal cancer: Implications for personalised surgical planning.

Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland · 2026 · PMID 42834699

BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based pelvimetry has been investigated for predicting surgical difficulty in total mesorectal excision (TME) for rectal cancer. However, heterogeneity in pelvimetric parameters, surrogate outcomes, and study design has resulted in inconsistent evidence. This systematic review aimed to synthesise the evidence on commonly used MRI parameters and difficulty surrogates and assess their methodological robustness and clinical relevance. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochran…

Risk factors for lymph node metastasis in T2 colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

International journal of clinical oncology · 2024 · PMID 38709424

BACKGROUND: Lymph node metastasis (LNM) occurs in 20-25% of patients with T2 colorectal cancer (CRC). Identification of risk factors for LNM in T2 CRC may help identify patients who are at low risk and thereby potential candidates for endoscopic full-thickness resection. We examined risk factors for LNM in T2 CRC with the goal of establishing further criteria of the indications for endoscopic resection. METHODS: MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and EMBASE were systematically searched from inception to November 2023. Studies that …

The urinary and sexual outcomes of robot-assisted versus laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Surgery today · 2024 · PMID 36943447

To compare the urinary and sexual outcomes between robot-assisted rectal cancer (RC) surgery (RRCS) and laparoscopic RC surgery (LRCS) using a meta-analysis, searches were conducted of the Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, CNKI, and Wanfang databases. The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) was the primary outcome. Eleven studies (790 patients with RRCS and 888 with LRCS) were included. The IPSS scores were significantly lower for RRCS than LRCS from baseline to 3 months (weighted mean difference [WMD] = - …

Comparison of Functional Outcomes Between Robotic and Laparoscopic Surgery in Rectal Cancer Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Journal of investigative surgery : the official journal of the Academy of Surgical Research · 2026 · PMID 42037577

BACKGROUND: Robotic and laparoscopic approaches are widely used for rectal cancer surgery. Although robotic systems provide enhanced visualization and dexterity, it remains unclear whether these advantages improve postoperative urinary and sexual function. METHODS: MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and CENTRAL (2000-2025) were searched for studies comparing robotic and laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery. Outcomes included postoperative ileus, urinary retention, and urinary and sexual function. Random-effects meta-an…

Direct tumour-adipocyte contact / Stroma AReactive Invasion Front Area (TAC/SARIFA) predicts adverse outcome in colorectal cancer: a focused evidence synthesis and meta-analysis.

Histopathology · 2026 · PMID 42460779

AIMS: Direct tumour-adipocyte interaction at the invasion front, termed Stroma AReactive Invasion Front Areas (SARIFA), has recently emerged as a novel H&E-based biomarker in colorectal cancer (CRC). SARIFA positivity is defined by a direct tumour-adipocyte contact (TAC) without intervening stroma or inflammatory infiltrate. We performed a focused evidence synthesis of all published studies and a meta-analysis to summarize the evidence on the prognostic value of TAC/SARIFA in CRC. METHODS AND RESULTS: Eligible stud…

Enhanced recovery after colorectal surgery in patients with inflammatory bowel disease to reduce hospital length of stay: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland · 2026 · PMID 42811387

AIM: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) improves outcomes in colorectal cancer surgery; however, patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been relatively excluded from these analyses. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of ERAS protocols in adult patients with IBD. METHODS: Relevant databases were searched for randomised-controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled observational studies that assessed ERAS protocols versus conventional care in adult patients with IBD, in any l…

Comparison of the outcomes of ileal pouch-anal anastomosis and ileorectal anastomosis for patients with familial adenomatous polyposis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract · 2026 · PMID 42594997

BACKGROUND: Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an inherited colorectal cancer syndrome for which ileorectal anastomosis (IRA) preserves the rectum, but ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) removes it. These procedures may influence the risk of desmoid tumors and involve trade-offs between oncologic protection and bowel function. This study compares the oncologic, desmoid, functional, and postoperative outcomes of IRA and IPAA in FAP. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were searched for re…

The predicting value of post neoadjuvant treatment magnetic resonance imaging: a meta-analysis.

Surgical endoscopy · 2024 · PMID 39174708

INTRODUCTION: Neoadjuvant therapy has become standard of care for locally advanced rectal cancer patients. It is correlated with improved clinical and pathological outcomes, including significant tumor downstaging and organ preservation in certain patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which has become the standard for pre-operative staging, is also used for clinical and pre-operative restaging following pre-operative treatment. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to evaluate the concordance between restaging MRI …

Robotic-assisted versus standard laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer in obese patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Computer assisted surgery (Abingdon, England) · 2026 · PMID 41454717

Colorectal cancer represents a major global health concern and obesity adds complicates its surgical management. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the comparative effectiveness and safety of robotic-assisted surgery and standard laparoscopic surgery in obese colorectal cancer patients. A comprehensive literature search performed across databases from inception to April 2024. Pooled estimates included hospital stay duration, drainage tube removal time, first ventilation time, complication rates, re-admission rate…

Effect of complete mesocolic excision (cme) on long-term survival after right colectomy for cancer: multivariate meta-analysis and restricted mean survival time estimation.

Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2024 · PMID 38429427

INTRODUCTION: Debate exists concerning the impact of complete mesocolic excision (CME) on long-term oncological outcomes. The aim of this review was to condense the updated literature and assess the effect of CME on long-term survival after right colectomy for cancer. METHODS: PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched through July 2023. The included studies evaluated the effect of CME on survival. The primary outcome was long-term overall survival. Restricted mean survival time difference (RMSTD), h…

Comparison of short-term surgical outcomes and long-term survival between emergency and elective surgery for colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

International journal of colorectal disease · 2023 · PMID 36790519

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to summarize relevant data from previous reports and perform a meta-analysis to compare short-term surgical outcomes and long-term oncological outcomes between emergency and elective surgery for colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed and Embase databases, and relevant data were extracted. Postoperative morbidity, hospital mortality within 30 days, postoperative recovery, overall survival (OS), and relapse-free survival (…

[KASID Guidelines for Diagnosis and Monitoring of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: 2026].

The Korean journal of gastroenterology = Taehan Sohwagi Hakhoe chi · 2026 · PMID 42928004

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by heterogeneous disease presentations and clinical courses. Accurate diagnosis and appropriate disease monitoring play an important role in improving long-term outcomes by preventing misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment; enabling early detection of disease progression, treatment failure, and disease-related complications; and facilitating timely adjustment of treatment strategies. The Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases (KASID) developed guide…

Image-based artificial intelligence for the prediction of pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

La Radiologia medica · 2024 · PMID 38512622

OBJECTIVE: Artificial intelligence (AI) holds enormous potential for noninvasively identifying patients with rectal cancer who could achieve pathological complete response (pCR) following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to summarize the diagnostic performance of image-based AI models for predicting pCR to nCRT in patients with rectal cancer. METHODS: This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A literature search of…

Effect of Pringle maneuver on prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases after liver resection: a meta-analysis.

Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2024 · PMID 38316643

PURPOSE: Pringle maneuver (PM) is a double-edged sword in liver resection, which is beneficial in reducing blood loss but also causes ischemia-reperfusion injury which may stimulate the outgrowth of micrometastases. The impact of PM on tumor recurrence remains controversial. This study aimed to assess whether PM has effect on the prognosis of colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM) after hepatectomy. METHODS: PubMed and the Cochrane Library databases were searched. The PM is defined as the portal triad clamping f…

Serum uric acid and the risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis.

European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation (ECP) · 2024 · PMID 37669167

BACKGROUND: A meta-analysis was performed in this study to evaluate the association between serum uric acid and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: Relevant observational studies observing the relationship between uric acid and the incidence of CRC were obtained by the search of electronic databases, including Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science . A randomized-effects model was selected to pool the data by incorporating the influence of potential heterogeneity. RESULTS: Eight observationa…

Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Gastrointestinal Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The American journal of gastroenterology · 2024 · PMID 38832708

INTRODUCTION: Ultra-processed food (UPF) intake has been associated with a higher risk of obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. The initial data on the relationship between UPF consumption and cancer risk were derived from retrospective observational studies with conflicting results. This systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies aimed to investigate the association between UPF consumption and gastrointestinal cancer risk. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane …

The impact of previous abdominal surgery on colorectal cancer patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery.

Updates in surgery · 2024 · PMID 38839724

The current study aimed to investigate whether previous abdominal surgery (PAS) could affect the outcomes of colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery. We conducted the search strategy in three databases (PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library) from inception to May 26, 2022. The short-term and long-term outcomes were compared between the PAS group and the non-PAS group. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled up. Stata (V.16.0) software was used for data analysis. We included 34,827 patients from …

The Impact of an Ostomy on Body Image and Sexual Function of Patients With Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Psycho-oncology · 2025 · PMID 40754638

BACKGROUND: Body image disturbance and sexual dysfunction are two of the most common issues reported by patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). The objective of our systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the effects of an ostomy on body image (BI) and sexual dysfunction (SX) in patients with CRC. METHODS: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched seven databases (MEDLINE, PsychINFO, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, PubMed, CINAHL, WEB of SCIENCE) covering articles published in English between…

Chinese Medicine Combined with Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Improving Myelosuppression in Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Chinese journal of integrative medicine · 2024 · PMID 38212495

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) combined with adjuvant chemotherapy on myelosuppression for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients using network meta-analysis (NMA). METHODS: Literature searches in both international (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) and Chinese (China Science and Technology Journal Database, Wanfang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure) databases for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were conducted from inception until Octo…

Urinary and sexual function after robotic and laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal of robotic surgery · 2024 · PMID 38907844

The purpose of the study was to compare the protective effects of robotic rectal cancer surgery (RRCS) and laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery (LRCS) on urinary and sexual function of patients. We conducted a systematic search in the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase for studies comparing the impact of RRCS and LRCS on urinary function and sexual function. The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), the five-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) and the Female …

Survival Outcomes in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients with BRAF Mutations Undergoing Targeted Chemotherapy: A Reconstructed Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2026 · PMID 42957919

BACKGROUND: BRAF V600E-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) represents an aggressive molecular subtype associated with poor prognosis and limited response to conventional chemotherapy. Although multiple targeted strategies, including anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and BRAF-directed therapies, are used in clinical practice, their comparative effectiveness remains uncertain. We performed a reconstructed individual patient-data (IPD) meta-analysis of…

The urinary and sexual outcomes of robot-assisted versus laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Surgery today · 2024 · PMID 36943447

To compare the urinary and sexual outcomes between robot-assisted rectal cancer (RC) surgery (RRCS) and laparoscopic RC surgery (LRCS) using a meta-analysis, searches were conducted of the Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, CNKI, and Wanfang databases. The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) was the primary outcome. Eleven studies (790 patients with RRCS and 888 with LRCS) were included. The IPSS scores were significantly lower for RRCS than LRCS from baseline to 3 months (weighted mean difference [WMD] = - …

Risk factors for lymph node metastasis in T2 colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

International journal of clinical oncology · 2024 · PMID 38709424

BACKGROUND: Lymph node metastasis (LNM) occurs in 20-25% of patients with T2 colorectal cancer (CRC). Identification of risk factors for LNM in T2 CRC may help identify patients who are at low risk and thereby potential candidates for endoscopic full-thickness resection. We examined risk factors for LNM in T2 CRC with the goal of establishing further criteria of the indications for endoscopic resection. METHODS: MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and EMBASE were systematically searched from inception to November 2023. Studies that …

Application of radiomics for preoperative prediction of lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2024 · PMID 38935817

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) stands as the third most prevalent cancer globally, projecting 3.2 million new cases and 1.6 million deaths by 2040. Accurate lymph node metastasis (LNM) detection is critical for determining optimal surgical approaches, including preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery, which significantly influence CRC prognosis. However, conventional imaging lacks adequate precision, prompting exploration into radiomics, which addresses this shortfall by converting medical image…

Network meta-analysis of RTCs for efficacy of neoadjuvant treatment in rectal cancer.

European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology · 2025 · PMID 40233522

BACKGROUND: This network meta-analysis examined the efficacy of different types of neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) for rectal cancer in improving clinical and pathologic outcomes. METHODS: PRISMA-compliant systematic review of PubMed and Scopus including only randomized clinical trials comparing two or more NAT regimens for rectal cancer. A network meta-analysis was undertaken for the main outcomes, including pathological complete response (pCR), disease downstaging, R0 resection, permanent stoma, and major adverse effec…

The predicting value of post neoadjuvant treatment magnetic resonance imaging: a meta-analysis.

Surgical endoscopy · 2024 · PMID 39174708

INTRODUCTION: Neoadjuvant therapy has become standard of care for locally advanced rectal cancer patients. It is correlated with improved clinical and pathological outcomes, including significant tumor downstaging and organ preservation in certain patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which has become the standard for pre-operative staging, is also used for clinical and pre-operative restaging following pre-operative treatment. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to evaluate the concordance between restaging MRI …

Effect of complete mesocolic excision (cme) on long-term survival after right colectomy for cancer: multivariate meta-analysis and restricted mean survival time estimation.

Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2024 · PMID 38429427

INTRODUCTION: Debate exists concerning the impact of complete mesocolic excision (CME) on long-term oncological outcomes. The aim of this review was to condense the updated literature and assess the effect of CME on long-term survival after right colectomy for cancer. METHODS: PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched through July 2023. The included studies evaluated the effect of CME on survival. The primary outcome was long-term overall survival. Restricted mean survival time difference (RMSTD), h…

Mechanical bowel preparation plus oral antibiotics reduces surgical site infection and anastomotic leak rates in elective colorectal cancer surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland · 2025 · PMID 41058111

BACKGROUND: Surgical site infection (SSI) and anastomotic leak (AL) are major contributors to postoperative morbidity in elective colorectal surgery. Although the addition of oral antibiotics (oAB) to mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) is recommended by several professional societies, uncertainty remains about its effectiveness and hence uptake globally is inconsistent, particularly in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO CRD4…

Prognostic value of primary tumor location in colorectal cancer: an updated meta-analysis.

Clinical and experimental medicine · 2023 · PMID 37405571

The clinical, histological, and molecular differences between right-sided colon cancer (RCC) and left-sided colon cancer (RCC) have received considerable attention. Over the past decade, many articles have been published concerning the association between primary tumor location (PTL) of colorectal cancer and survival outcomes. Therefore, there is a growing need for an updated meta-analysis integrating the outcomes of recent studies to determine the prognostic role of right vs left-sidedness of PTL in patients with …

No association between cholecystectomy and risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of cohort studies.

International journal of colorectal disease · 2023 · PMID 37368048

OBJECTIVE: Cohort studies have reported an association between colorectal cancer and cholecystectomy. However, the conclusions are inconsistent. Thus, this meta-analysis will quantify the risk of colorectal cancer following cholecystectomy. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant cohort studies. The quality of individual observational studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. The relative risk of colorectal cancer after cholecystectomy was ca…

Anastomotic leak risk factors following colon cancer resection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2023 · PMID 37386211

BACKGROUND: Despite improved surgical techniques, anastomotic leakage is still a serious complication that can occur after colon cancer resection, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for anastomotic leakage after colon cancer surgery, provide a theoretical basis for reducing its occurrence, and guide the practice of clinicians. METHODS: A systematic review of PubMed, Ovid, Web of Science and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases w…

Association of sugar-sweetened beverages with the risk of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

European journal of clinical nutrition · 2023 · PMID 37438466

The association between sugar-sweetened beverages intake and colorectal cancer (CRC) remains controversial. A metaanalysis was performed to clarify the correlation between sugar-sweetened beverages and CRC risk/mortality. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Sinomed (CBM), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, and China Science and Technology Journal VIP database. Articles were restricted to be available in any language un…

EAES, SAGES, and ESCP rapid guideline: bowel preparation for minimally invasive colorectal resection.

Surgical endoscopy · 2023 · PMID 37903883

BACKGROUND: Variation exists in practice pertaining to bowel preparation before minimally invasive colorectal surgery. A survey of EAES members prioritized this topic to be addressed by a clinical practice guideline. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to develop evidence-informed clinical practice recommendations on the use of bowel preparation before minimally invasive colorectal surgery, through evidence synthesis and a structured evidence-to-decision framework by an interdisciplinary panel of stakeholders. METH…

Comparison of short-term surgical outcomes and long-term survival between emergency and elective surgery for colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

International journal of colorectal disease · 2023 · PMID 36790519

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to summarize relevant data from previous reports and perform a meta-analysis to compare short-term surgical outcomes and long-term oncological outcomes between emergency and elective surgery for colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed and Embase databases, and relevant data were extracted. Postoperative morbidity, hospital mortality within 30 days, postoperative recovery, overall survival (OS), and relapse-free survival (…

Peri-operative, oncological and functional outcomes of robotic versus transanal total mesorectal excision in patients with rectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Techniques in coloproctology · 2024 · PMID 38951249

BACKGROUND: Comparative outcomes of robotic low anterior resection (rTME) and trans-anal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) in patients with low rectal cancer were evaluated. METHODS: A systematic online search was conducted using the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane database, The Virtual Health Library, Clinical trials.gov and Science Direct. Comparative studies of rTME versus TaTME for low rectal cancer were included. Primary outcomes were postoperative complications, including anastomotic leak, surgi…

A predictive role of C-reactive protein in colorectal cancer risk: an updated meta-analysis from 780,985 participants and 11,289 cancer cases.

International journal of colorectal disease · 2023 · PMID 37160817

PURPOSE: This meta-analysis is aimed at understanding the potential role of circulating C-reactive protein (CRP) in the prediction of colorectal cancer (CRC) risk and the potential effect of relevant variables, with specific concern to determine the incorporation of CRP into a CRC risk prediction model. METHODS: Relevant articles on the association between circulating CRP and CRC risk were searched from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews through August 2022. Random-effects m…

International guideline on natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) for colorectal cancer (2025 version).

European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology · 2026 · PMID 42731257

PURPOSE: Natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) has emerged as a minimally invasive technique in colorectal cancer treatment, offering improved postoperative recovery and cosmetic outcomes. Building upon previous editions, this third edition guideline aims to update and refine technical classifications, indications, and procedural standards based on the latest evidence and accumulated clinical experience. METHODS: This guideline was jointly developed by the Colorectal Cancer Committee of the China Anti…

Beyond predictive performance: A systematic review and critical methodological appraisal of AI/ML and conventional modelling strategies in breast, colorectal, and pancreatic Cancer.

Artificial intelligence in medicine · 2026 · PMID 42641254

BACKGROUND: Predictive modelling for cancer risk, treatment-related complications, and survival is central to precision oncology. Conventional logistic regression (LR) and Cox proportional hazards (CoxPH) regression remain widely used but are limited when modelling nonlinear interactions, high-dimensional imaging features, and multimodal clinical-metabolic predictors. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) methods offer expanded capability through automated feature extraction, ensemble learning, and…

Prognostic models and predictors of recurrence in resectable colorectal liver metastases: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Critical reviews in oncology/hematology · 2026 · PMID 42669322

We systematically reviewed prognostic models for recurrence after curative-intent locoregional treatment of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) and quantitatively synthesized prognostic factors associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS). From 2208 records across 26 years of literature, 293 studies were included, encompassing 85,150 patients in development cohorts and 5549 patients in validation cohorts. Most models targeted risk stratification rather than clinically actionable prediction, and Cox proportional ha…

[KASID Guidelines for Diagnosis and Monitoring of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: 2026].

The Korean journal of gastroenterology = Taehan Sohwagi Hakhoe chi · 2026 · PMID 42928004

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by heterogeneous disease presentations and clinical courses. Accurate diagnosis and appropriate disease monitoring play an important role in improving long-term outcomes by preventing misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment; enabling early detection of disease progression, treatment failure, and disease-related complications; and facilitating timely adjustment of treatment strategies. The Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases (KASID) developed guide…

Image-based artificial intelligence for the prediction of pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

La Radiologia medica · 2024 · PMID 38512622

OBJECTIVE: Artificial intelligence (AI) holds enormous potential for noninvasively identifying patients with rectal cancer who could achieve pathological complete response (pCR) following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to summarize the diagnostic performance of image-based AI models for predicting pCR to nCRT in patients with rectal cancer. METHODS: This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A literature search of…

What is the prognostic significance of positive lymph nodes at the circumferential resection margin in rectal cancer: a systematic review.

Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract · 2026 · PMID 42660345

INTRODUCTION: Circumferential resection margin (CRM) positivity is an established predictor of local recurrence and survival in rectal cancer. The prognostic impact of CRM positivity specifically attributable to tumor within lymph nodes at the CRM (node-positive CRM) is unclear. We performed a systematic review to determine whether CRM positivity caused by lymph node metastases confers a similar oncological risk to CRM positivity from direct tumor extension. METHODS: A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, …

Effect of Pringle maneuver on prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases after liver resection: a meta-analysis.

Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2024 · PMID 38316643

PURPOSE: Pringle maneuver (PM) is a double-edged sword in liver resection, which is beneficial in reducing blood loss but also causes ischemia-reperfusion injury which may stimulate the outgrowth of micrometastases. The impact of PM on tumor recurrence remains controversial. This study aimed to assess whether PM has effect on the prognosis of colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM) after hepatectomy. METHODS: PubMed and the Cochrane Library databases were searched. The PM is defined as the portal triad clamping f…

The associations between household food insecurity and cancer: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies among adults.

Social science & medicine (1982) · 2026 · PMID 42685390

BACKGROUND: Household food insecurity (HFI) is a critical social determinant of health that can adversely influence cancer prevention, treatment, and survivorship, while a cancer diagnosis with its financial and functional consequences may also increase the risk of HFI. This study aimed to examine the associations between HFI and cancer-related outcomes. METHODS: A systematic search was done in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library until July 29, 2025. Eligible studies were observational in a…

The impact of previous abdominal surgery on colorectal cancer patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery.

Updates in surgery · 2024 · PMID 38839724

The current study aimed to investigate whether previous abdominal surgery (PAS) could affect the outcomes of colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery. We conducted the search strategy in three databases (PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library) from inception to May 26, 2022. The short-term and long-term outcomes were compared between the PAS group and the non-PAS group. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled up. Stata (V.16.0) software was used for data analysis. We included 34,827 patients from …

Reduced oxaliplatin exposure in gastrointestinal cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Cancer treatment reviews · 2026 · PMID 42801795

BACKGROUND: Oxaliplatin chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is dose-limiting, severe, and often permanent. Whether reduced oxaliplatin exposure (ROE) preserves efficacy while limiting toxicity across gastrointestinal (GI) cancers remains uncertain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing ROE strategies versus standard-duration oxaliplatin-based therapy in GI malignancies. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed according to PRISMA guidelines. …

Chinese Medicine Combined with Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Improving Myelosuppression in Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Chinese journal of integrative medicine · 2024 · PMID 38212495

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) combined with adjuvant chemotherapy on myelosuppression for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients using network meta-analysis (NMA). METHODS: Literature searches in both international (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) and Chinese (China Science and Technology Journal Database, Wanfang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure) databases for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were conducted from inception until Octo…

Urinary and sexual function after robotic and laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal of robotic surgery · 2024 · PMID 38907844

The purpose of the study was to compare the protective effects of robotic rectal cancer surgery (RRCS) and laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery (LRCS) on urinary and sexual function of patients. We conducted a systematic search in the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase for studies comparing the impact of RRCS and LRCS on urinary function and sexual function. The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), the five-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) and the Female …

Survival Outcomes in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients with BRAF Mutations Undergoing Targeted Chemotherapy: A Reconstructed Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2026 · PMID 42957919

BACKGROUND: BRAF V600E-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) represents an aggressive molecular subtype associated with poor prognosis and limited response to conventional chemotherapy. Although multiple targeted strategies, including anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and BRAF-directed therapies, are used in clinical practice, their comparative effectiveness remains uncertain. We performed a reconstructed individual patient-data (IPD) meta-analysis of…

The urinary and sexual outcomes of robot-assisted versus laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Surgery today · 2024 · PMID 36943447

To compare the urinary and sexual outcomes between robot-assisted rectal cancer (RC) surgery (RRCS) and laparoscopic RC surgery (LRCS) using a meta-analysis, searches were conducted of the Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, CNKI, and Wanfang databases. The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) was the primary outcome. Eleven studies (790 patients with RRCS and 888 with LRCS) were included. The IPSS scores were significantly lower for RRCS than LRCS from baseline to 3 months (weighted mean difference [WMD] = - …

Risk factors for lymph node metastasis in T2 colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

International journal of clinical oncology · 2024 · PMID 38709424

BACKGROUND: Lymph node metastasis (LNM) occurs in 20-25% of patients with T2 colorectal cancer (CRC). Identification of risk factors for LNM in T2 CRC may help identify patients who are at low risk and thereby potential candidates for endoscopic full-thickness resection. We examined risk factors for LNM in T2 CRC with the goal of establishing further criteria of the indications for endoscopic resection. METHODS: MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and EMBASE were systematically searched from inception to November 2023. Studies that …

Comparison of Functional Outcomes Between Robotic and Laparoscopic Surgery in Rectal Cancer Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Journal of investigative surgery : the official journal of the Academy of Surgical Research · 2026 · PMID 42037577

BACKGROUND: Robotic and laparoscopic approaches are widely used for rectal cancer surgery. Although robotic systems provide enhanced visualization and dexterity, it remains unclear whether these advantages improve postoperative urinary and sexual function. METHODS: MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and CENTRAL (2000-2025) were searched for studies comparing robotic and laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery. Outcomes included postoperative ileus, urinary retention, and urinary and sexual function. Random-effects meta-an…

The predicting value of post neoadjuvant treatment magnetic resonance imaging: a meta-analysis.

Surgical endoscopy · 2024 · PMID 39174708

INTRODUCTION: Neoadjuvant therapy has become standard of care for locally advanced rectal cancer patients. It is correlated with improved clinical and pathological outcomes, including significant tumor downstaging and organ preservation in certain patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which has become the standard for pre-operative staging, is also used for clinical and pre-operative restaging following pre-operative treatment. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to evaluate the concordance between restaging MRI …

Robotic-assisted versus standard laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer in obese patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Computer assisted surgery (Abingdon, England) · 2026 · PMID 41454717

Colorectal cancer represents a major global health concern and obesity adds complicates its surgical management. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the comparative effectiveness and safety of robotic-assisted surgery and standard laparoscopic surgery in obese colorectal cancer patients. A comprehensive literature search performed across databases from inception to April 2024. Pooled estimates included hospital stay duration, drainage tube removal time, first ventilation time, complication rates, re-admission rate…

Efficacy and Safety of Short-Course Radiotherapy Alone or Combined With Consolidation Chemotherapy Versus Conventional Long-Course Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2026 · PMID 42955209

OBJECTIVE: Short-course radiotherapy (SCRT)-based regimens, including SCRT-alone and SCRT-based total neoadjuvant therapy (SCRT-based TNT, defined as SCRT followed by consolidation chemotherapy), have emerged as alternative neoadjuvant options to long-course chemoradiotherapy (LCCRT) for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). This meta-analysis stratified analyses by the type of SCRT regimen and whether LCCRT arms received preoperative consolidation chemotherapy, to systematically compare their efficacy and safety …

Anastomotic leak risk factors following colon cancer resection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2023 · PMID 37386211

BACKGROUND: Despite improved surgical techniques, anastomotic leakage is still a serious complication that can occur after colon cancer resection, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for anastomotic leakage after colon cancer surgery, provide a theoretical basis for reducing its occurrence, and guide the practice of clinicians. METHODS: A systematic review of PubMed, Ovid, Web of Science and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases w…

Comparison of short-term surgical outcomes and long-term survival between emergency and elective surgery for colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

International journal of colorectal disease · 2023 · PMID 36790519

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to summarize relevant data from previous reports and perform a meta-analysis to compare short-term surgical outcomes and long-term oncological outcomes between emergency and elective surgery for colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed and Embase databases, and relevant data were extracted. Postoperative morbidity, hospital mortality within 30 days, postoperative recovery, overall survival (OS), and relapse-free survival (…

Peri-operative, oncological and functional outcomes of robotic versus transanal total mesorectal excision in patients with rectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Techniques in coloproctology · 2024 · PMID 38951249

BACKGROUND: Comparative outcomes of robotic low anterior resection (rTME) and trans-anal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) in patients with low rectal cancer were evaluated. METHODS: A systematic online search was conducted using the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane database, The Virtual Health Library, Clinical trials.gov and Science Direct. Comparative studies of rTME versus TaTME for low rectal cancer were included. Primary outcomes were postoperative complications, including anastomotic leak, surgi…

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy and Safety of Regorafenib in the Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.

Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2024 · PMID 39710828

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Despite advances in treatment, metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) remains a significant challenge due to its heterogeneity and resistance to therapy. Regorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor, can inhibit tumor progression through multiple mechanisms, thereby improving patient prognosis. It has emerged as a potential treatment option for mCRC patients who have progressed on standard therapies. This systematic rev…

Robotic versus laparoscopic approaches for rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of postoperative complications, anastomotic leak, and mortality.

Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2024 · PMID 39576363

OBJECTIVE: Compare the efficacy and safety of robotic versus laparoscopic approach for rectal cancer treatment, addressing the ongoing debate within the medical community regarding the optimal surgical approach. BACKGROUND: Traditionally, surgery has been the cornerstone of rectal cancer treatment, aimed at tumor removal and intestinal function preservation. Recent advancements have introduced laparoscopic and robotic surgeries as minimally invasive alternatives to conventional methods. However, it faces limitation…

Prophylactic Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Colorectal Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Annals of surgical oncology · 2026 · PMID 42624981

BACKGROUND: Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has been shown to be effective to treat peritoneal carcinomatosis (PM). However, the benefits of prophylactic HIPEC in patients with locally advanced colorectal cancer remains unknown. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the impact of prophylactic HIPEC in this setting. METHODS: We performed a systematic literature review using PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases according to pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Oncological parameters…

[KASID Guidelines for Diagnosis and Monitoring of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: 2026].

The Korean journal of gastroenterology = Taehan Sohwagi Hakhoe chi · 2026 · PMID 42928004

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by heterogeneous disease presentations and clinical courses. Accurate diagnosis and appropriate disease monitoring play an important role in improving long-term outcomes by preventing misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment; enabling early detection of disease progression, treatment failure, and disease-related complications; and facilitating timely adjustment of treatment strategies. The Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases (KASID) developed guide…

Survival Outcomes in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients with BRAF Mutations Undergoing Targeted Chemotherapy: A Reconstructed Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2026 · PMID 42957919

BACKGROUND: BRAF V600E-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) represents an aggressive molecular subtype associated with poor prognosis and limited response to conventional chemotherapy. Although multiple targeted strategies, including anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and BRAF-directed therapies, are used in clinical practice, their comparative effectiveness remains uncertain. We performed a reconstructed individual patient-data (IPD) meta-analysis of…

Comparative efficacy of fruquintinib, regorafenib or TAS-102 in patients with KRAS-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Frontiers in oncology · 2026 · PMID 42964049

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to synthesize evidence from recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy of regorafenib, fruquintinib, and TAS-102 in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Using a network meta-analysis, we compared long-term survival outcomes (overall and progression-free survival) in the overall population and in patients with KRAS mutations, to guide treatment decisions and inform therapy selection in molecularly defined subgroups. METHODS: We systematically searched…

Efficacy and Safety of Short-Course Radiotherapy Alone or Combined With Consolidation Chemotherapy Versus Conventional Long-Course Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2026 · PMID 42955209

OBJECTIVE: Short-course radiotherapy (SCRT)-based regimens, including SCRT-alone and SCRT-based total neoadjuvant therapy (SCRT-based TNT, defined as SCRT followed by consolidation chemotherapy), have emerged as alternative neoadjuvant options to long-course chemoradiotherapy (LCCRT) for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). This meta-analysis stratified analyses by the type of SCRT regimen and whether LCCRT arms received preoperative consolidation chemotherapy, to systematically compare their efficacy and safety …

Systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of physical exercise on self-reported pain in patients with metastatic cancer.

Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2026 · PMID 41236596

PURPOSE: Cancer-related pain is a common complaint in patients with metastatic cancer, significantly diminishing Quality of Life (QoL). While limited research has shown beneficial effects of physical exercise on overall QoL in this population, the effect on pain remains unclear. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effect of physical exercise on self-reported pain in patients with metastatic cancer. METHODS: PubMed and EMBASE were searched for Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) up to May 1st, 2025, examinin…

Germline BRCA-Lynch syndrome MINAS: report of six Argentinian families and a systematic review of the literature.

Familial cancer · 2026 · PMID 42955426

The co-occurrence of germline pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants (PVs) in BRCA1/BRCA2 and mismatch repair genes (Lynch Syndrome) (BRCA-LS) is an infrequent overlap of the two most frequent hereditary cancer syndromes. Recent reviews have examined whether the cancer risk profile in BRCA-LS carriers is independent for both syndromes or if both germline variants act as mutual modifying factors, including a synergistic effect. This study on BRCA-LS Multi-locus Inherited Neoplasia Allele Syndrome (MINAS) aims to r…

Preoperative nutritional status as a determinant of postoperative outcomes in colorectal cancer patients: A systematic review.

Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2026 · PMID 42965160

OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate preoperative nutritional status as a determinant of postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: This systematic review used the PRISMA 2020 framework and it was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420261292825). An extensive comprehensive literature review was performed from January 2010 to December 2025 using Embase, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases. All peer-reviewed articles that ass…

Comparative effectiveness of modified ileostomy techniques in rectal cancer surgery: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Surgery · 2026 · PMID 42962456

BACKGROUND: This systematic review and network meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy and safety of different ileostomy methods (conventional, 1-stitch, modified 1-stitch, prolapse technique + 1-stitch, and modified 2-stitch) in ileostomy and stoma reversal surgery and ranks their effectiveness. METHODS: We searched 8 databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and SinoMed) from inception to December 2025. Interventions included 1-stitch, prolapse + 1-stitch, modified 1-stitch, continuous…

A predefined sulphur-handling transcriptional programme is associated with colorectal cancer molecular subtypes.

Frontiers in oncology · 2026 · PMID 42964170

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) exhibits substantial metabolic and transcriptomic heterogeneity, but the relationship between sulphur-handling transcriptional programmes and consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) remains incompletely resolved. METHODS: We analysed a predefined 14-gene sulphur-handling panel across The Cancer Genome Atlas colon and rectal adenocarcinoma cohorts (TCGA-COAD/READ) and six independent HG-U133 validation cohorts (n = 1,337 tumours). Analytical workflows integrated differential expression…

Metabolic Bariatric Surgery for Cancer Prevention and Risk Reduction in Patients with Obesity: A GRADE-Based International Federation for the Surgery and Other Therapies for Obesity (IFSO) Position Statement.

Obesity surgery · 2026 · PMID 42834256

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a major increasing driver of cancer burden worldwide, and intentional weight loss has emerged as a potential strategy for cancer risk reduction. Metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) achieves sustained weight loss, but its role in cancer prevention remains uncertain. This GRADE-based International Federation for the Surgery and Other Therapies for Obesity (IFSO) position statement aimed to synthesize contemporary evidence on MBS and cancer outcomes and translate it into clinically actionable reco…

Cancer risk among individuals with mental illness - a systematic review and meta-analysis of nordic register-based prospective studies.

Translational psychiatry · 2026 · PMID 42957628

Although cancer patients have a high burden of mental illness, it is less clear whether patients with mental illness experience a higher-than-expected cancer risk. This systematic review investigated the associations between a wide range of types of mental illness and subsequent cancer risk. Five electronic databases were searched for articles published from database initiation to October 24, 2024. Studies using nationwide Nordic register data to conduct a prospective analysis of the association between mental illn…

A systematic review of the effects of diet on the gut microbiota in individuals at elevated risk for colorectal cancer.

Frontiers in nutrition · 2026 · PMID 42964076

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a major public health concern, with emerging evidence highlighting the critical role of the gut microbiota in CRC progression. Considering that diet is a major modifiable factor influencing CRC risk, partly through its interaction with the gut microbiome, this systematic review evaluated the effects of dietary intervention RCTs, including supplements, functional foods, whole foods, and dietary patterns, on the gut microbiome in elevated-risk individuals. METHODS: A search o…

Venlafaxine in oncology: supportive-care evidence and emerging preclinical anticancer signals: a systematic review.

Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026 · PMID 42964294

BACKGROUND: Venlafaxine, a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, has been investigated in oncology for several supportive care indications and, more recently, for potential anticancer activity. However, the available evidence remains fragmented across clinical and preclinical studies. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aimed to synthesize the available evidence regarding the role of venlafaxine in oncology, including established supportive care applications and emerging anticancer potential. METHODS: A system…

Effect of Personalized Risk Messages on Patient Intent and Decision Making in Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making · 2026 · PMID 42517432

PurposeTo measure the impact of a personalized message about current risk of having advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACN; colorectal cancer [CRC] or advanced precancerous polyp) on informed concordance and CRC screening decision-making outcomes.MethodsA total of 1,084 patients, aged 50 to 75 y, with an upcoming clinic appointment, due for CRC screening, and at average risk for CRC were randomized to view a decision aid (DA) about CRC screening with or without personalized ACN risk information. Providers were randomiz…

Narrative and cognitive behavioral therapy improve psychosocial and oncologic outcomes after abdominoperineal resection: a randomized controlled trial.

Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2026 · PMID 41160369

BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing abdominoperineal resection (APR) for low rectal cancer frequently experience profound psychosocial distress and impaired functional recovery due to permanent stoma formation. While ERAS protocols enhance physical rehabilitation, psychological dimensions remain under-addressed. This study evaluated the impact of a structured, integrative psychosocial intervention combining narrative therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on multidimensional recovery. METHODS: In this single-ce…

Optimizing postoperative recovery in colorectal cancer patients through integrated psychological and nutritional interventions.

Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2026 · PMID 40849523

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the effects of combined psychological intervention and enhanced nutritional support on postoperative recovery in CRC patients, focusing on nutritional status, sleep quality, pain management, psychological well-being, and quality of life. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from August 2021 to August 2023. A total of 300 CRC patients who underwent surgery were randomly assigned to the observation group (150 patien…

Japanese-Style Dietary Patterns, Mortality, and Selected Cancer Outcomes in Japanese Populations: A Systematic Review Integrating Meta-Analysis, Food-Group Loading Visualization, and Qualitative Synthesis.

Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026 · PMID 42880456

Japanese-style dietary patterns (DPs) are often regarded as healthy, but the food-group combinations needed to develop health-oriented Japanese-style DPs remain unclear. This systematic review synthesized associations between predefined (a priori) Japanese-style DPs and health outcomes in Japanese populations and used data-derived (a posteriori) DPs to examine outcome-specific heterogeneity in food-group composition and loadings. PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science Core Collection were searched for observational stud…

Temporal Eating Patterns Show Inconsistent Associations With Cancer Incidence and Mortality: Systematic Review of Prospective Studies.

The Journal of nutrition · 2026 · PMID 42966568

BACKGROUND: Temporal eating patterns, such as eating time, frequency, and regularity, may be associated with cancer outcomes through circadian and metabolic pathways, but evidence remains limited. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to systematically review prospective studies examining associations between temporal eating patterns and cancer incidence or mortality. METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, PubMed and Embase were searched from inception to September 2, 2026. Eligible studies included prospective cohorts of adults ass…

Consistent Metabolomic and Genetic Evidence Supports Acisoga as a Key Contributor to Colorectal Neoplasia Progression.

Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026 · PMID 42201318

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer incidence and mortality worldwide. Early detection and accurate risk stratification of precursor lesions remain critical challenges. Integrating metabolomics with genetic analysis may improve the understanding of colorectal cancer development and identify disease determinants. METHODS: Untargeted serum metabolomics was performed in 513 individuals: 185 controls; 74 with low-, 98 with intermediate-, and 100 with high-risk lesions; and 56 colorectal cancer ca…

Pharmacotherapy for older adults with cancer: a digest of the Japanese clinical practice guidelines (2nd edition)-gastrointestinal cancers.

International journal of clinical oncology · 2026 · PMID 42789150

BACKGROUND: The number of older adults with gastrointestinal cancers is increasing in rapidly aging societies. However, optimal pharmacotherapy for this population remains challenging because of heterogeneity in functional status, comorbidities, and the limited representation of older patients in clinical trials. METHODS: This article presents an English digest of the Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Pharmacotherapy in Older Adults with Cancer (second edition) [5] with a focus on gastrointestinal cancers. …

Temporal patterns and influencing factors associated with low anterior resection syndrome after rectal cancer surgery: A scoping review.

The Journal of international medical research · 2026 · PMID 42954448

ObjectivesTo map the existing evidence on the evolution of low anterior resection syndrome, including factors associated with stage-specific low anterior resection syndrome outcomes and longitudinal changes in symptoms.MethodsThis scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guideline. Seven databases were searched through 31 December 2025, with Engli…

AI-facilitated individualized nutritional guidance with ABC-structured prompts improves short-term dietary intake adequacy and patient-reported symptoms after gastrointestinal cancer surgery: a randomized controlled trial.

Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026 · PMID 42955117

BACKGROUND: Postoperative nutritional management is critical for gastrointestinal cancer surgery patients, yet discharge advice is often standardized and lacks individualization. Whether an AI-facilitated individualized and quantified strategy improves short-term dietary intake compared with standard generic advice remains unclear; this trial does not isolate the independent effect of AI. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether AI-facilitated individualized nutritional guidance using structured prompts improves short-term …

The Health Insurance Navigation Tools (HINT) intervention adapted for colorectal cancer survivors: a pilot trial.

Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2026 · PMID 41284221

PURPOSE: Colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors are at risk for experiencing healthcare-related financial burden, which can be exacerbated by low health insurance literacy (HIL). This pilot RCT assessed the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a virtual health insurance navigation intervention adapted for CRC survivors (Health Insurance Navigation Tools; HINT-C). METHODS: Insured adult CRC survivors at the MGH Cancer Center with access to a wireless device were eligible. Participants were randomized t…

Expanding access to colorectal cancer screening through community pharmacies: Study protocol for the PharmFIT™ randomized controlled trial.

Contemporary clinical trials · 2026 · PMID 42632449

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer death. Fecal immunochemical test (FIT) screening remains underused, particularly in underserved communities. Community pharmacies are highly accessible and increasingly deliver preventive care, yet pharmacy-based CRC screening has not been tested in a large pragmatic randomized trial with concurrent implementation and economic evaluation. This protocol describes a pragmatic trial testing a pharmacy-based CRC screening intervention using FIT, called Ph…

Research Perspective on "Long-Term (≥ 5-Years) Low Anterior Resection Syndrome and Health Related Quality of Life in Rectal Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review".

Diseases of the colon and rectum · 2026 · PMID 42960858

Methylene blue can increase the number of lymph nodes harvested in colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis.

International journal of colorectal disease · 2023 · PMID 36807534

AIM: The lymph node (LN) status plays an important role in colorectal cancer (CRC), which depends on adequate LN harvest. In some studies, methylene blue has been used to increase the number of LNs harvested in vitro. The purpose was to evaluate the effect of methylene blue staining on LN harvest during radical resection of CRC. METHODS: The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched from the dates of inception until 15 October 2022. Studies were included if they were randomized con…

A predefined sulphur-handling transcriptional programme is associated with colorectal cancer molecular subtypes.

Frontiers in oncology · 2026 · PMID 42964170

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) exhibits substantial metabolic and transcriptomic heterogeneity, but the relationship between sulphur-handling transcriptional programmes and consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) remains incompletely resolved. METHODS: We analysed a predefined 14-gene sulphur-handling panel across The Cancer Genome Atlas colon and rectal adenocarcinoma cohorts (TCGA-COAD/READ) and six independent HG-U133 validation cohorts (n = 1,337 tumours). Analytical workflows integrated differential expression…

Venlafaxine in oncology: supportive-care evidence and emerging preclinical anticancer signals: a systematic review.

Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026 · PMID 42964294

BACKGROUND: Venlafaxine, a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, has been investigated in oncology for several supportive care indications and, more recently, for potential anticancer activity. However, the available evidence remains fragmented across clinical and preclinical studies. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aimed to synthesize the available evidence regarding the role of venlafaxine in oncology, including established supportive care applications and emerging anticancer potential. METHODS: A system…

PI3K/AKT/mTOR Targeting in Colorectal Cancer Radiotherapy: A Systematic Review.

Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2025 · PMID 39849185

BACKGROUND: Radioresistance is a major challenge in the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and impairs the efficacy of radiotherapy. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway plays a critical role in CRC and contributes to the development of radioresistance. Accordingly, targeting this signaling pathway may be a promising strategy to improve oncotherapy. METHODS: We performed a systematic search of Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Medline databases. We included articles that investigated the ef…

The Pro-tumor and Anti-tumor Effects of NLRP3 Inflammasome as a New Therapeutic Option for Colon Cancer: a Meta-analysis of Pre-clinical Studies.

Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2023 · PMID 35072914

In this review, we aimed to elaborate on these findings and explore how NLRP3 inflammasome affects CRC and which mechanism could be a potential therapeutic target. For this purpose, major indexing databases consist of Cochrane central, ISI web of science (WOS), PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and EMBASE were systematically searched using standard terms without any language, study region, or type restrictions. After applying the exclusion criteria, the main properties of 12 articles on 326 animals included in this meta-anal…

Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2023 · PMID 36813984

BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), characterised by recurrent episodes of upper airway collapse, intermittent hypoxia (IH) and sleep fragmentation (SF), has been associated with carcinogenesis in pre-clinical models. The relationship between OSA and colorectal cancer (CRC) in clinical studies is controversial. AIM: The objective of this meta-analysis was to assess the association between OSA and CRC. METHODS: Two independent investigators searched studies indexed in CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Dat…

In vitro 3D drug sensitivity testing for patient-derived tumor-like cell clusters and whole-exome sequencing to personalize postoperative treatment: A study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial.

PloS one · 2025 · PMID 40658653

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the third most common cancer globally, with significant postoperative recurrence and metastasis rates. The heterogeneity of CRC presents challenges in the selection of adjuvant chemotherapy regimens, highlighting the need for personalized treatment strategies. The development of in vitro models for drug sensitivity testing, including a novel patient-derived tumor-like cell cluster (PTC) model, offers a potential solution for predicting drug efficacy and guiding treatment…

A multicenter phase Ia study of AbGn-107, a novel antibody-drug conjugate, in patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer.

Investigational new drugs · 2024 · PMID 38441850

AbGn-107 is an antibody-drug conjugate directed against AG-7 antigen, a Lewis A-like glycol-epitope expressed in a variety of gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies. Based on promising antitumor activity of AbGn-107 in both in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies, we performed a GI cancer-specific Phase I trial. Standard 3 + 3 dose escalation was used evaluating intravenous doses ranging from 0.1 mg/kg every 4 weeks to 1.0 mg/kg every 2 weeks. Key eligibility included chemo-refractory locally advanced, recurrent, or m…

Immuno-PET of colorectal cancer with a CEA-targeted [68 Ga]Ga-nanobody: from bench to bedside.

European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2023 · PMID 37382662

PURPOSE: An accurate diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) can assist physicians in developing reasonable therapeutic regimens, thereby significantly improving the patient's prognosis. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-targeted PET imaging shows great potential for this purpose. Despite showing remarkable abilities to detect primary and metastatic CRC, previously reported CEA-specific antibody radiotracers or pretargeted imaging are not suitable for clinical use due to poor pharmacokinetics and complicated imaging p…

The role of SARS1 in the progression of colorectal cancer: insights from clinical data and organoid models.

PeerJ · 2026 · PMID 42953792

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant global health concern, with adenomas representing critical precancerous lesions. Early detection of adenomas is essential for reducing the incidence of CRC; however, effective biomarkers for the adenoma-carcinoma transition are currently lacking. Serine tRNA ligase (SARS1) has been identified in colorectal adenoma tissues, but its biological role remains unclear. Here, we analyzed SARS1 expression in colorectal adenoma and colorectal cancer using data from the GEO and TCGA d…

Chemoprevention by Microencapsulated Lactiplantibacillus Plantarum LAB12 Against Orthotopic Colorectal Cancer Mice is Associated with Apoptosis and Anti-angiogenesis.

Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2024 · PMID 36508139

The pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with gut dysbiosis that is attributed to unhealthy lifestyles and dietary habits. Consumption of microencapsulated probiotics may potentially restore the gut microbiota in favour of prevention against CRC. This study determined the fate of microencapsulated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (formerly known as Lactobacillus plantarum) LAB12 in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and assessed the chemopreventive effect of microencapsulated L. plantarum LAB12 in vivo.…

Manganese dioxide-entrapping dendrimers as a therapeutic peptide vaccine for combined tumor chemodynamic/immune therapy and tumor prevention.

Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026 · PMID 42947100

Developing a vaccine that can both elicit robust antitumor immune responses and exert potent tumoricidal effects remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we design a functional dendrimer nanocarrier to co-deliver manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanoparticles (NPs) and ovalbumin peptide antigen OVA257-264 for synergistic tumor chemodynamic/immunotherapy and tumor prevention. Specifically, generation 5 (G5) poly(amidoamine) dendrimers functionalized with methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) and heptafluorobutyric acid (HFBA)…

DKC1 promotes colorectal cancer progression and therapy resistance by dysregulating sphingolipid biosynthesis.

Nature communications · 2026 · PMID 42151151

DKC1, a key coordinator of RNA modification and telomerase activity, has been implicated in colorectal cancer (CRC), yet its role in disease pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. We show that DKC1 drives CRC by promoting cell cycle progression, suppressing apoptosis, conferring stemness and drug resistance. Elevated DKC1 in CRC associates with poor prognosis and WNT-enriched Consensus Molecular Subtype 2 gene signature. Mechanistically, canonical WNT-signaling forms a feedback loop with DKC1, driving its ex…

Ground Salicornia herbacea Powder Suppresses AOM/DSS-induced Colon Cancer by Inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin Signaling and Nrf2.

Pharmaceutical research · 2024 · PMID 39433692

PURPOSE: This study aims to evaluate the effects of prebiotics and probiotics on colorectal cancer (CRC) progression in an AOM/DSS-induced mouse model. METHODS: In AOM/DSS-induced mouse model, treatment groups received either S. herbacea as a prebiotic (PRE) or in combination with Lactobacillus plantarum as a probiotic (PRO). PCNA, Ki-67, β-catenin, c-Myc, and Nrf2 were evaluated using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The impact on polyp formation and progression was assessed by categorizing polyps according to their si…

UPLC-Q-TOF/MS-Based Serum Metabolomics Reveals Potential Anti-tumor Mechanism of Banxia Xiexin Decoction in Colorectal Cancer Mice.

Chinese journal of integrative medicine · 2024 · PMID 37222828

OBJECTIVE: To clarify the potential mechanism of Banxia Xiexin Decoction (BXD) on colorectal cancer (CRC) from the perspective of metabolomics. METHODS: Forty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal control (NC), azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS) model, low-dose BXD (L-BXD), high-dose BXD (H-BXD) and mesalamine (MS) groups according to a random number table, 8 mice in each group. Colorectal cancer model was induced by AOM/DSS. BXD was administered daily at doses of 3.915 (L-BXD) and 15.66 g/…

Adzuki and Mung Bean Sprouts Enriched with Probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v Improve Body Mass Gain and Antioxidant Status and Reduce the Undesirable Enzymatic Activity of Microbiota in Healthy Rats.

Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2024 · PMID 38358639

Introducing and establishing new food requires a detailed evaluation of its safety, nutritional value and functionality, thus the control and probiotic-rich adzuki and mung bean sprouts were studied in an in vivo rats model. However, the total feed intake did not differ significantly between the groups, the highest body weight gain and body weight change were recorded in the control AIN diet. At the same time, the addition of legume sprouts caused a reduction of these parameters (up to 25% in the variant with probi…

lncRNA BANCR promotes the colorectal cancer metastasis through accelerating exosomes-mediated M2 macrophage polarization via regulating RhoA/ROCK signaling.

Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2024 · PMID 36988779

Cancer cells-derived exosomal lncRNAs could modulate the tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) via modulating macrophage M2 polarization. However, the clarified mechanism and function of lncRNA BANCR in CRC remains unclear. Exosomes were identified by TEM, NTA, western blot and fluorescent staining. M2 macrophages were identified by CD206 and CD163 expressions using by flow cytometry and RT-qPCR. In addition, the relation between IGF2BP2 and BANCR or RhoA were explored by RIP assay. The malignant behaviors of CR…

A triterpenoid (corosolic acid) ameliorated AOM-mediated aberrant crypt foci in rats: modulation of Bax/PCNA, antioxidant and inflammatory mechanisms.

Journal of molecular histology · 2024 · PMID 39122895

Corosolic acid (CA) is a well-known natural pentacyclic triterpene found in numerous therapeutic plants that can exhibit many bioactivities including anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor actions. The current investigation explores the chemoprotective roles of CA against azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in rats. Thirty Sprague Dawley rats were grouped in 5 cages; Group A, normal control rats inoculated subcutaneously (sc) with two doses of normal saline and fed orally on 10% tween 20; Groups …

Sleeping Beauty transposon mutagenesis in mouse intestinal organoids identifies genes involved in tumor progression and metastasis.

Cancer gene therapy · 2024 · PMID 38177308

To identify genes important for colorectal cancer (CRC) development and metastasis, we established a new metastatic mouse organoid model using Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon mutagenesis. Intestinal organoids derived from mice carrying actively mobilizing SB transposons, an activating KrasG12D, and an inactivating ApcΔ716 allele, were transplanted to immunodeficient mice. While 66.7% of mice developed primary tumors, 7.6% also developed metastatic tumors. Analysis of SB insertion sites in tumors identified numerous…

Effect of periodontitis induced by Fusobacterium nucleatum on the microbiota of the gut and surrounding organs.

Odontology · 2024 · PMID 37432500

Detection of the oral bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum in colorectal cancer tissues suggests that periodontitis may alter gut microbiota. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence and infection route of periodontal inflammation caused by F. nucleatum, and microbiota of the gut and surrounding organs (heart, liver, kidney). Wistar female rats were orally inoculated with F. nucleatum to establish an experimental periodontitis model that was confirmed by X-ray imaging and histopathological analysis. The …

Characterization of diet-linked amino acid pool influence on Fusobacterium spp. growth and metabolism.

mSphere · 2025 · PMID 39945521

The genus Fusobacterium contains multiple proteolytic opportunistic pathogens that have been increasingly linked to colorectal cancer (CRC). "Oncomicrobes" such as these fusobacterial species within the gut microbiota may contribute to CRC onset and/or progression. Protein-rich diets may both directly increase CRC risk and enrich for proteolytic oncomicrobes, including Fusobacterium spp. Individual food substrates vary in amino acid content, and released amino acid content that is not absorbed in the small intestin…

HDAC3 degradation to uncover therapeutic vulnerability in colorectal cancer.

European journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026 · PMID 42966048

Overcoming therapeutic resistance in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major clinical challenge, highlighting the need for strategies targeting epigenetic drivers. Targeted protein degradation emerged as a powerful approach to selectively eliminate disease-relevant proteins. We reported the development of two series of PROTACs based on the clinical-stage HDAC inhibitor entinostat, by recruiting either VHL or CRBN E3 ligases. Compounds 4b and 4h, representative of the two series of degraders, induced robust, time-de…

Benzoylaconine suppresses colorectal cancer progression by modulating the CDK2/MMP2 signaling axis.

Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026 · PMID 42964182

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) has a high incidence, and both metastasis and drug resistance remain formidable challenges in clinical management. Owing to their multi-target activity and favorable safety profiles, natural products have become a prolific source for anticancer drug discovery. Benzoylaconine (BAC) is a secondary metabolite of aconitine with markedly attenuated toxicity that retains anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antitumor properties; however, its antitumor effects and the underlying molecular …

Using aspirin to prevent and treat cancer.

Inflammopharmacology · 2024 · PMID 38064111

This review will discuss evidence that aspirin possesses anticancer activity. Long-term observational retrospective studies on nurses and health professionals demonstrated that regular aspirin users had a significantly lower incidence of colorectal cancer (RCT). Prospective studies on patients with a high risk of developing colorectal polyps/cancer confirmed that aspirin use significantly lowered colorectal dysplasia. Numerous observational studies focused on the use of aspirin in a broad range of cancers demonstra…

STING-targeted PET tracer for early assessment of tumor immunogenicity in colorectal cancer after chemotherapy.

European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2024 · PMID 37924341

PURPOSE: To optimize chemotherapy regimens and improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy, a PET tracer specifically targeting the stimulator of interferon genes (STING), denoted as [18F]FBTA was used to monitor the early changes in tumor immunogenicity after chemotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC) mice. METHODS: The toluene sulfonate precursor was labeled with 18F to produce the STING targeted probe-[18F]FBTA. [18F]FBTA-PET imaging and biodistribution were performed using CRC mice treate…

Efficacy and safety of total neoadjuvant therapy in locally advanced rectal cancer: a meta-analysis.

International journal of colorectal disease · 2023 · PMID 37004572

PURPOSE: The standard of care for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) has changed from a single radical surgical treatment to the current multimodality treatment (standard chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT)). The efficacy and safety of both TNT and standard CRT are evaluated in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS: RCTs were comprehensively searched in Chinese and English electronic databases. The experimental and control groups were TNT and the standard CRT, respectively, include…

Recurrence-Free Survival Dynamics Following Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Resected Cancers of the Gastrointestinal Tract: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

The Journal of surgical research · 2026 · PMID 42600427

INTRODUCTION: Adjuvant chemotherapy can improve recurrence-free survival (RFS) in gastrointestinal malignancies. Previous review of phase III randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for colorectal cancer observed that RFS improvements were driven by early divergences during active chemotherapy; late recurrences were not influenced by adjuvant therapy. The broader applicability of this finding is unknown. METHODS: PubMed, Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were queried from database inception…

Cross-Linked Chondroitin Sulfate Adhesion Barrier System in Open Rectal Resection: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

JAMA surgery · 2026 · PMID 42647025

IMPORTANCE: Adhesions commonly occur after abdominal and pelvic surgery, causing infertility, intestinal obstruction, and pelvic pain. Existing anti-adhesion materials are often difficult to use on uneven organ surfaces, highlighting the need for novel solutions; SI-449, a cross-linked, powder-formed chondroitin sulfate (CS), may address these limitations. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the anti-adhesion effect of the SI-449 adhesion barrier system (cs barrier) in patients undergoing open rectal resection for rectal cancer…

Hepatectomy Plus Chemotherapy or Chemotherapy Alone for Resectable Liver and Unresectable Lung Metastases from Colorectal Adenocarcinoma (LUNA): A Randomized Phase II Trial.

Annals of surgical oncology · 2026 · PMID 41369813

BACKGROUND: Hepatectomy for isolated colorectal liver metastases is associated with 5 year overall survival (OS) of 58% and is accepted as standard of care. However, the role of liver resection with unresectable low-volume lung metastases is unknown. LUNA was a phase II randomized trial designed to study the survival benefit of hepatectomy with unresectable lung metastases. METHODS: After stratification by KRAS status and primary tumor in the colon versus rectum, patients were randomized 1:1 to hepatectomy plus che…

Oncological impact of adjuvant chemotherapy after rectal cancer excision in the era of FOLFIRINOX-based TNT: A pooled post-hoc analysis of GRECCAR4-PRODIGE23.

European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) · 2026 · PMID 42743888

BACKGROUND: The role of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) after total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) remains controversial, mainly based on colon cancer protocols, with recent validation of the equivalence of the 3- and 6-month CT regimens. The aim of this study is to evaluate the oncological impact of AC in the era of TNT in patients with LARC. METHODS: We conducted a post hoc analysis of ypN+ and ypN0/cN+ subgroups from two French multicentre randomized trials GRECCAR 4(NCT01333709) …

Systemic adiponectin levels in colorectal cancer and adenoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

International journal of obesity (2005) · 2023 · PMID 37626126

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a well-established risk factor in the development of colorectal cancer; however, the mechanism mediating this relationship is not well understood. The adipokine, adiponectin, has an inverse relationship with obesity. Experimental studies have shown adiponectin to have dichotomous inflammatory and tumorigenic roles. Its role in the development of colorectal cancer, including the potential effect of its increase following bariatric surgery, is not yet clear. There are conflicting results from s…

Does Radiation Boost Dose Affect Organ Preservation Rates? A Secondary Analysis of the Organ Preservation in Patients With Rectal Adenocarcinoma Trial.

International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics · 2026 · PMID 42142103

PURPOSE: The Organ Preservation in Patients with Rectal Adenocarcinoma trial was a randomized clinical trial investigating the optimal sequencing of total neoadjuvant therapy for patients with rectal cancer desiring organ preservation (OP). An optional higher-dose radiation boost was allowed on this trial. We aimed to determine whether a higher radiation boost dose was associated with the probability of clinical complete response and OP. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Patients with clinical stage II/III rectal adenocarcino…

Neoadjuvant short-course radiotherapy followed by camrelizumab and chemotherapy versus standard of care for locally advanced rectal cancer (UNION): a prespecified interim analysis of a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial.

The Lancet. Oncology · 2026 · PMID 42927765

BACKGROUND: To our knowledge, UNION is the first phase 3 trial to assess a neoadjuvant strategy incorporating radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy compared with standard care in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer, which reported positive results for the primary endpoint (blinded independent review committee [BIRC]-assessed pathological complete response rate; 39·8% vs 15·3%). Here, we present a prespecified interim analysis of event-free survival. METHODS: This open-label, randomised, phase 3 tri…

Effect of Danggui Buxue Medicinal Diet on cancer-related fatigue in anemic colon cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: A randomized controlled trial (CONSORT-compliant).

Medicine · 2026 · PMID 42937728

BACKGROUND: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is one of the most common and distressing symptoms experienced by patients undergoing chemotherapy, and no gold standard for the treatment of CRF has been established. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the Danggui Buxue Medicinal Diet on CRF in patients with chemotherapy-induced anemia following colon cancer surgery. METHODS: A total of 96 patients admitted to the intestinal surgery ward and daytime chemotherapy ward of a tertiary hospital from May 2021 to December…

Platelet activation, aspirin, and cancer: From basic science to clinical trials.

Pharmacological reviews · 2026 · PMID 41592353

There is extensive evidence that aspirin prevents cancer, but the mechanism of action is uncertain. Once-daily low-dose aspirin (75-100 mg) completely and permanently inactivates the cyclooxygenase (COX) activity of prostaglandin G/H synthase-1 (COX-1) in platelets, suppressing thromboxane (TX)A2-dependent platelet activation. In this article, we review the mechanistic links between platelet activation, inflammation, cancer development, and progression and summarize recent clinical trial results and associated biom…

Quality of life in patients with RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer treated mFOLFOXIRI + panitumumab versus FOLFOXIRI: A prespecified secondary analysis of the phase II VOLFI AIO-KRK 0109 trial.

European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) · 2026 · PMID 42743885

BACKGROUND: The phase II, randomized VOLFI (AIO-KRK 0109) trial evaluated mFOLFOXIRI + panitumumab compared to FOLFOXIRI in untreated RAS wild type (WT) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Anti-EGFR antibodies like panitumumab are associated with a specific toxicity profile including skin toxicity, potentially compromising health-related quality of life (HRQoL). METHODS: HRQoL of patients treated in the VOLFI trial was measured using EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaires. We analyzed HRQoL of patients from the intention-to…

Randomized phase-II trial of surufatinib plus FOLFOX/FOLFIRI versus FOLFOXIRI as second-line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer.

Annals of medicine · 2026 · PMID 42421558

BACKGROUND: Second-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) typically involves oxaliplatin- or irinotecan-based doublet chemotherapy with or without anti-angiogenic antibodies. Triplet regimens such as FOLFOXIRI have demonstrated synergy and improved efficacy as first-line therapy. Surufatinib, an oral multi-kinase inhibitor targeting VEGFR1-3, FGFR1, and CSF-1R, may enhance chemotherapy efficacy. We evaluated surufatinib combined with doublet (FOLFOX/FOLFIRI) versus triplet (FOLFOXIRI) chemotherapy a…

Organ Preservation and Quality of Life After Total Neoadjuvant Treatment in Rectal Cancer.

JAMA network open · 2026 · PMID 42879156

IMPORTANCE: Data on quality of life (QOL) after total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) are important for counseling patients on the benefits of watch-and-wait (WW) vs total mesorectal excision (TME) for rectal cancer. A thorough understanding of both options and their long-term impact on bowel, urinary, sexual function, and other QOL domains remains limited. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of organ preservation with QOL and functional outcomes among patients with rectal cancer treated in 2 phase 2 clinical trials. D…

REVERCE II: a phase II trial of regorafenib followed by anti-EGFR therapy versus reverse sequencing in refractory metastatic colorectal cancer.

The oncologist · 2026 · PMID 42830449

BACKGROUND: Regorafenib and anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies are standard therapies for RAS/BRAF wild-type (WT) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) in the refractory setting, but the optimal sequencing remains unknown. Herein, we report results from REVERCE II, a randomized phase II trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of sequencing these therapies. METHODS: Patients with RAS WT mCRC previously treated with fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan were randomized to receive (R-E) regorafenib followed by ant…

Efficacy and safety of Huachansu combined with adjuvant chemotherapy in resected colorectal cancer patients: a prospective, open-label, randomized phase II study.

Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2023 · PMID 37966546

Although some studies in China have suggested Huachansu (HCS) combined with chemotherapy is effective in the treatment of various cancers, there are few studies on colorectal cancer (CRC), especially in postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that HCS combined with adjuvant chemotherapy would improve survival probability in resected CRC patients. This was a prospective, open-label, randomized phase II study. Patients with stage III or high-risk stage II resected CRC wer…

Progress on Regulation of NLRP3 Inflammasome by Chinese Medicine in Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis.

Chinese journal of integrative medicine · 2023 · PMID 37148482

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, non-specific intestinal disease that not only affects the quality of life of patients and their families but also increases the risk of colorectal cancer. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is an important component of inflammatory response system, and its activation induces an inflammatory cascade response that is involved in the development and progression of UC by releasing inflammatory cy…

The effects of Ankaferd hemostat on preventing oral mucositis in colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.

Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2023 · PMID 37289263

INTRODUCTION: New agents are introduced each day to be used in the prevention and treatment of mucositis in cancer treatment. One of those agents is the Ankaferd hemostat. Ankaferd hemostat has pleiotropic effects and anti-infective characteristics in tissue healing. METHODS: The study was designed as a randomized controlled experimental study. The sample of the study comprised a total of 66 patients (33 patients in the Ankaferd hemostat group and 33 patients in the sodium bicarbonate group) with colorectal cancer …

Effect of traditional Chinese medicine combined group psychotherapy on psychological distress management and gut micro-biome regulation for colorectal cancer survivors: a single-arm phase I clinical trial.

Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2023 · PMID 37964024

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of utilizing Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) combined group psychotherapy intervention on psychological distress management and gut micro-biome regulation for colorectal (CRC) survivors. METHODS: A single-arm phase I clinical trial was conducted between December 2020 and December 2021 in Xiyuan Hospital and Beijing Cancer Hospital in China. Inclusion criteria included stage I-III CRC survivors after radical surgery with age between 18 and 75. The intervention w…

Effects of exercise during and after neoadjuvant chemoradiation on symptom burden and quality of life in rectal cancer patients: a phase II randomized controlled trial.

Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2023 · PMID 34841461

PURPOSE: We previously demonstrated that exercise during and after neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NACRT) for rectal cancer may improve the rate of pathologic complete/near complete response. Here, we report the effects of exercise on symptom management and quality of life (QoL). METHODS: Rectal cancer patients (N = 36) were randomized to a supervised high-intensity interval training program during NACRT followed by unsupervised continuous exercise after NACRT or usual care. Patient-reported outcomes were assessed at b…

Antiparasitic agents in oncology: Innovative mechanisms, emerging evidence and clinical potential in cancer treatment.

European journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026 · PMID 42217373

The repurpose of established antiparasitic agents for oncological applications represents a promising and cost-effective strategy in the search for novel anticancer therapeutics. Drugs originally developed to treat parasitic infections, including ivermectin, mebendazole, niclosamide, albendazole, artesunate, flubendazole, and other antiparasitic agents, have demonstrated compelling anticancer properties across a wide range of preclinical models. Their mechanisms of action are multifaceted, encompassing disruption o…

Circulating tumor DNA-guided de-escalation or escalation of adjuvant therapy in high-risk stage II and stage III colon cancer: the phase 2 PEGASUS trial.

Nature cancer · 2026 · PMID 42736431

Oxaliplatin-fluoropyrimidine combinations are standard adjuvant therapy after radical resection of high-risk stage II and stage III colon cancer but expose many patients to toxicity while failing to prevent relapse in others. PEGASUS was a multicenter, single-arm, phase 2 trial evaluating the feasibility of an adaptive circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)-guided treatment strategy in patients with resected microsatellite-stable, T4N0 or stage III colon cancer. Postsurgery ctDNA-positive patients received 3 months of CAPOX…

Pembrolizumab combined with disitamab vedotin in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive metastatic colorectal cancer.

The oncologist · 2026 · PMID 42820775

BACKGROUND: Late-line treatment options for microsatellite stable (MSS)/proficient mismatch repair (pMMR) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) are limited. PD-1 blockade alone has minimal clinical benefit in this population. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted therapies represent an emerging strategy for HER2-expressing mCRC. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab combined with disitamab vedotin (DV), an anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), in pretreated patients with …

Disease-free survival and overall survival after neoadjuvant immunotherapy in mismatch repair-deficient colon cancer in the Netherlands: results of the single-arm, multicentre, phase 2, NICHE-2 trial.

Lancet (London, England) · 2026 · PMID 42906564

BACKGROUND: Neoadjuvant immune checkpoint blockade induces high pathological response rates in patients with locally advanced mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) colon cancer, yet long-term survival outcomes have not been established. Previously, we reported safety (a primary endpoint) and pathological response (a secondary endpoint) data from the NICHE-2 trial. Here, we report the primary efficacy endpoint of 3-year disease-free survival and the exploratory endpoint of 5-year overall survival. METHODS: In this single…

Radiomic Parameters for the Evaluation of Response to Treatment in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients with Liver Metastasis: Findings from the CAVE-GOIM mCRC Phase 2 Trial.

Clinical drug investigation · 2024 · PMID 38886336

BACKGROUND: CAVE is a single arm, Phase 2 trial, that demonstrated anti-tumor activity of cetuximab rechallenge plus avelumab in patients with RAS wild type (wt) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). OBJECTIVE: We conducted a post hoc analysis to identify potential radiomic biomarkers for patients with CRC liver metastasis (LM). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with LM that could be measured by enhanced contrast phase computed tomography (CT) imaging at baseline and at first response evaluation were included. Multiple…

Tumor-Free Circulating Tumor DNA in Node-Negative Rectal Cancers Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy, Excision, and Observation in the Phase II NEO Trial (CO.28).

JCO precision oncology · 2026 · PMID 42826364

PURPOSE: Organ preservation is a priority in early-stage rectal cancer as total mesorectal excision (TME) can reduce quality of life. The Canadian Cancer Trials Group CO.28 trial demonstrated that neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by transanal excision was effective in patients with cT1-3, node-negative (N0) rectal cancer. Here, we explored circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from the trial as a potential future decision aid to guide TME. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-three of 58 patients (91.4%) from CO.28 had at least o…

Urinary and sexual function after robotic and laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal of robotic surgery · 2024 · PMID 38907844

The purpose of the study was to compare the protective effects of robotic rectal cancer surgery (RRCS) and laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery (LRCS) on urinary and sexual function of patients. We conducted a systematic search in the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase for studies comparing the impact of RRCS and LRCS on urinary function and sexual function. The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), the five-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) and the Female …

Prognostic value of primary tumor location in colorectal cancer: an updated meta-analysis.

Clinical and experimental medicine · 2023 · PMID 37405571

The clinical, histological, and molecular differences between right-sided colon cancer (RCC) and left-sided colon cancer (RCC) have received considerable attention. Over the past decade, many articles have been published concerning the association between primary tumor location (PTL) of colorectal cancer and survival outcomes. Therefore, there is a growing need for an updated meta-analysis integrating the outcomes of recent studies to determine the prognostic role of right vs left-sidedness of PTL in patients with …

Inadvertent laparoscopic lavage of perforated colon cancer: a systematic review.

Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2024 · PMID 38197963

BACKGROUND: Although laparoscopic lavage for perforated diverticulitis with peritonitis has been grabbing the headlines, it is known that the clinical presentation of peritonitis can also be caused by an underlying perforated carcinoma. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of patients undergoing inadvertent laparoscopic lavage of perforated colon cancer as well as the delay in cancer diagnosis. METHODS: The PubMed database was systematically searched to include all studies meeting inclusion criteria…

Timing of diverting ileostomy closure after low anterior resection for rectal cancer: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of early and delayed closure.

Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2026 · PMID 42931879

PURPOSE: To compare early and delayed diverting ileostomy closure after low anterior resection for rectal cancer, focusing on postoperative morbidity and recovery outcomes, and to assess the certainty of available evidence. METHODS: PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from inception to 26th April, 2026. Five comparative studies (four randomized trials and one prospective cohort; 512 participants) were included. Random-effects meta-analyses evaluated overall post-closure morbidity as the…

Long-term oncological outcomes of robotic versus laparoscopic approaches for right colon cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Techniques in coloproctology · 2023 · PMID 37783821

PURPOSE: The short-term outcomes of robotic right hemicolectomy for right colon cancer have been extensively studied in comparison to conventional laparoscopic right hemicolectomy. However, the long-term oncological outcomes of the two approaches have not been investigated, except in single-center retrospective studies. Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to investigate the long-term oncological outcomes of robotic right hemicolectomy compared with those of laparoscopic right hemicolectomy for right colon cancer. M…

Prognostic role of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte, and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio in operated rectal cancer patients: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2023 · PMID 36781510

BACKGROUND: Inflammation plays an important role in tumor growth. Novel serum blood biomarkers, including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), have been proposed as useful prognostic indexes in cancer patients. However, their role in rectal cancer is controversial. METHODS: A comprehensive literature review was conducted including MEDLINE/Pubmed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews through May 2022. The systemat…

Comparing perioperative and oncological outcomes of transanal and laparoscopic total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and prospective studies.

Surgical endoscopy · 2023 · PMID 37872424

INTRODUCTION: Meta-analysis of the results of transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) and laparoscopic TME (laTME) regarding perioperative and oncological outcomes have been conducted. Due to the lack of high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective studies in the included literature, the conclusions are unreliable. This study included RCTs and prospective studies for analysis to obtain more reliable conclusions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Systematic searches of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane L…

Safety and Performance of the Colovac Anastomosis Protection Device. A Pooled Analysis of Prospective Studies Compared With Diverting Loop Ileostomy (SAFE-2025).

Annals of surgery · 2026 · PMID 42681563

OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety and effectiveness of the Colovac Anastomosis Protection Device with standard diverting ostomy (DO) following low anterior resection (LAR) for rectal cancer. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: DO is standard of care (SOC) following LAR for rectal cancer but is associated with substantial morbidity. Colovac Device is designed to divert the fecal stream away from the anastomosis intraluminally. METHODS: Three prospective multicenter Colovac trials were pooled and compared with a prospective coho…

Multidimensional Quality of Life After Robotic Versus Laparoscopic Surgery for Rectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

World journal of surgery · 2023 · PMID 36788148

INTRODUCTION: Maximizing patients' quality of life (QoL) is a central goal in surgical oncology. Currently, both laparoscopic and robotic surgery are viable options in rectal cancer (RC) resections. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the differences in postoperative QoL between the two operative modalities. METHODOLOGY: This review was conducted in adherence to the PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and CENTRAL databases were searched for articles comparing QoL in patients undergoing laparosc…

Negative pressure wound management in perineal wound status post abdominoperineal resection and extralevator abdominoperineal excision: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.

International journal of colorectal disease · 2023 · PMID 36933148

PURPOSE: Recent evidence-based publications disclosed that negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) may reduce the incidence rate of surgical site infection (SSI) and length of stay (LOS) compared with conventional drainage in patient status post abdominoperineal resection (APR) and extralevator abdominoperineal excision (ELAPE). METHODS: Data sources: Eligible randomized controlled trials and retrospective and prospective studies published before January 2023 were retrieved from databases (Cochrane Library, PubMed, …

Laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with 2D or 3D video system technology: systematic review and meta-analysis.

International journal of colorectal disease · 2023 · PMID 36773133

BACKGROUND: Standard laparoscopic colorectal surgery relies on 2D image systems in most centers. However, 3D vision has gained popularity and is used nowadays in a constantly rising number of units. Right hemicolectomy with intracorporeal anastomosis and lymph node dissection represents a surgical procedure that may benefit the most from 3D vision. The aim of the study was to summarize the available literature on the use of 2D vs. 3D video imaging in patients undergoing laparoscopic right hemicolectomy. METHODS: A …

Cancer risk among individuals with mental illness - a systematic review and meta-analysis of nordic register-based prospective studies.

Translational psychiatry · 2026 · PMID 42957628

Although cancer patients have a high burden of mental illness, it is less clear whether patients with mental illness experience a higher-than-expected cancer risk. This systematic review investigated the associations between a wide range of types of mental illness and subsequent cancer risk. Five electronic databases were searched for articles published from database initiation to October 24, 2024. Studies using nationwide Nordic register data to conduct a prospective analysis of the association between mental illn…

Dietary patterns and colorectal cancer risk: Global Cancer Update Programme (CUP Global) systematic literature review.

The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025 · PMID 40010692

BACKGROUND: The 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research Third Expert Report, including studies up to 2015, determined limited-no conclusion evidence on dietary patterns and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk due to insufficient data and varying pattern definitions. OBJECTIVES: This updated review synthesized literature on dietary patterns and CRC risk/mortality. METHODS: PubMed and Embase were searched through 31 March, 2023, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective cohort st…

Dietary-Lifestyle Patterns and Colorectal Cancer Risk: Global Cancer Update Programme (CUP Global) Systematic Literature Review.

The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025 · PMID 39805561

BACKGROUND: Although healthy dietary and lifestyle factors have been individually linked to lower colorectal cancer (CRC) risks, recommendations for whole diet-lifestyle patterns remained unestablished because of limited studies and inconsistent pattern definitions. OBJECTIVES: This updated review synthesized literature on dietary-lifestyle patterns and CRC risk/mortality. METHODS: PubMed and Embase were searched through March 31, 2023 for randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies examining adulth…

16S rRNA Datasets of Gut Microbiota in Stent-Based Diverting Technique and Ileostomy from A Prospective, Open-Label, Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

Scientific data · 2026 · PMID 42816498

Accumulating evidence implicates gut dysbiosis in postoperative complications and delayed intestinal recovery after rectal cancer surgery. Although stent-based diverting technique (SDT) and conventional ileostomy exert divergent impacts on gut microbial balance, high-quality comparative microbiome data from randomized trials are lacking. We report a 16S rRNA amplicon dataset from 80 patients randomized to SDT (n = 37) or ileostomy (n = 43), with fecal samples collected preoperatively and on postoperative day 90. We…

Cross-Linked Chondroitin Sulfate Adhesion Barrier System in Open Rectal Resection: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

JAMA surgery · 2026 · PMID 42647025

IMPORTANCE: Adhesions commonly occur after abdominal and pelvic surgery, causing infertility, intestinal obstruction, and pelvic pain. Existing anti-adhesion materials are often difficult to use on uneven organ surfaces, highlighting the need for novel solutions; SI-449, a cross-linked, powder-formed chondroitin sulfate (CS), may address these limitations. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the anti-adhesion effect of the SI-449 adhesion barrier system (cs barrier) in patients undergoing open rectal resection for rectal cancer…

Systemic adiponectin levels in colorectal cancer and adenoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

International journal of obesity (2005) · 2023 · PMID 37626126

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a well-established risk factor in the development of colorectal cancer; however, the mechanism mediating this relationship is not well understood. The adipokine, adiponectin, has an inverse relationship with obesity. Experimental studies have shown adiponectin to have dichotomous inflammatory and tumorigenic roles. Its role in the development of colorectal cancer, including the potential effect of its increase following bariatric surgery, is not yet clear. There are conflicting results from s…

The impact of primary tumor resection for asymptomatic colorectal cancer patients with unresectable metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

International journal of colorectal disease · 2023 · PMID 37581775

BACKGROUND: Whether patients with asymptomatic primary tumors and unresectable metastases of colorectal cancer (CRC) should undergo primary tumor resection (PTR) remains controversial. This study aims to determine the appropriateness of PTR for these individuals by evaluating a number of outcome measures. METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed. Outcome measures included overall survival, emergency surgery rates, incidence of postoperative complications, time to initiate chemotherapy, conversion rates…

Causal relationship of sugar-sweetened and sweet beverages with colorectal cancer: a Mendelian randomization study.

European journal of nutrition · 2023 · PMID 36040623

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Prospective cohort studies have suggested that sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) intake is significantly associated with the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, it remains unclear whether this observed association was susceptible to potential confounding factors due to the long-term development process of CRC, and the risk of CRC associated with sweet beverages has rarely been reported. We aimed to investigate the association between SSBs/sweet beverages and CRC risk. METHODS: We performed …

Short- and Long-term Outcomes of 3-Row Vs 2-Row Circular Staplers for Low Colorectal Anastomosis After Total Mesorectal Excision: A Single-Center, Randomized, Single-Blind, Phase III Trial (THREESTAPLER Study).

Diseases of the colon and rectum · 2026 · PMID 42572962

BACKGROUND: Anastomotic leakage remains a critical complication in colorectal surgery. OBJECTIVE: This study compared the efficacy of 3-row versus 2-row circular staplers in reducing anastomotic leakage rates. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, single-center, noninferiority trial. SETTINGS: Clinic of Colorectal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, University Hospital No. 2, Sechenov University. PATIENTS: The trial included patients who underwent low anterior resection with total mesorectal excision. INTERVENTIONS: Patient…

COMMIT: A Randomized Study of mFOLFOX6/Bevacizumab/Atezolizumab or Atezolizumab Alone as First-Line Treatment of Deficient DNA Mismatch Repair Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.

Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2026 · PMID 42525921

PURPOSE: Immunotherapy for frontline mismatch repair-deficient/microsatellite instability-high (dMMR/MSI-H) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is effective; however, nearly half of the patients treated with single-agent PD-1 therapy will progress within 12 months. Preclinical studies in CRC and clinical data from other cancers suggest that vascular endothelial growth factor inhibition and chemotherapy can synergize with PD-L1 inhibition. METHODS: The NRG-GI004/SWOG-S1610 (COMMIT) three-arm prospective phase III op…

Consistent Metabolomic and Genetic Evidence Supports Acisoga as a Key Contributor to Colorectal Neoplasia Progression.

Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026 · PMID 42201318

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer incidence and mortality worldwide. Early detection and accurate risk stratification of precursor lesions remain critical challenges. Integrating metabolomics with genetic analysis may improve the understanding of colorectal cancer development and identify disease determinants. METHODS: Untargeted serum metabolomics was performed in 513 individuals: 185 controls; 74 with low-, 98 with intermediate-, and 100 with high-risk lesions; and 56 colorectal cancer ca…

Clinical outcomes of laparoscopic-assisted natural orifice specimen extraction colectomy using a Cai tube for left-sided colon cancer: a prospective randomized trial.

Surgical endoscopy · 2023 · PMID 35906459

BACKGROUND: The role of laparoscopic-assisted natural orifice specimen extraction (LA-NOSE) colectomy in the treatment of left-sided colon cancer has not been well defined, and there remains confusion about how to conveniently exteriorize specimens through natural orifices. Therefore, we introduced a homemade invention, the Cai tube, to facilitate the extraction of specimens and compared the clinical outcomes of LA-NOSE with conventional laparoscopic (CL) colectomy for left-sided colon cancer. METHODS: From March 2…

Endoscopic mucosal resection with precutting vs. anchoring technique using snare tip for 10-25 mm nonpedunculated colorectal polyps: a randomized controlled trial.

European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026 · PMID 42065991

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Modified endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) techniques using a snare tip, precutting EMR (P-EMR) and anchoring EMR (A-EMR), have been developed for the effective resection of nonpedunculated colorectal polyps measuring 10-25 mm. Although previous studies have compared either P-EMR or A-EMR with conventional EMR, no study has directly compared these two snare tip-assisted techniques within modified EMR. This study aimed to evaluate P-EMR and A-EMR in terms of the R0 resection rate and procedure …

Efficacy and safety of Huachansu combined with adjuvant chemotherapy in resected colorectal cancer patients: a prospective, open-label, randomized phase II study.

Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2023 · PMID 37966546

Although some studies in China have suggested Huachansu (HCS) combined with chemotherapy is effective in the treatment of various cancers, there are few studies on colorectal cancer (CRC), especially in postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that HCS combined with adjuvant chemotherapy would improve survival probability in resected CRC patients. This was a prospective, open-label, randomized phase II study. Patients with stage III or high-risk stage II resected CRC wer…

The associations between household food insecurity and cancer: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies among adults.

Social science & medicine (1982) · 2026 · PMID 42685390

BACKGROUND: Household food insecurity (HFI) is a critical social determinant of health that can adversely influence cancer prevention, treatment, and survivorship, while a cancer diagnosis with its financial and functional consequences may also increase the risk of HFI. This study aimed to examine the associations between HFI and cancer-related outcomes. METHODS: A systematic search was done in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library until July 29, 2025. Eligible studies were observational in a…

Restorative resection in robot-assisted versus laparoscopic total mesorectal excision: systematic review and meta-analysis.

The British journal of surgery · 2026 · PMID 42837183

BACKGROUND: The surgical treatment of rectal cancer is based on the principle of total mesorectal excision (TME). Owing to its technological advantages, robot-assisted total mesorectal excision (R-TME) is hypothesized to facilitate primary anastomosis more frequently than laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (L-TME). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate whether R-TME is associated with a higher likelihood of restorative surgery compared with L-TME. METHODS: This systematic review and meta…

Computed tomography derived body composition and risk of anastomotic leakage following rectal cancer surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Clinical nutrition ESPEN · 2026 · PMID 42323128

Anastomotic leakage (AL) remains a severe postoperative complication following restorative rectal cancer surgery, adversely impacting morbidity, quality of life, and oncological outcomes. Computed tomography (CT)-derived body composition metrics have been proposed as more precise predictors of AL than conventional measures such as BMI METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO: CRD42023471537). PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Lib…

Gaps in the Evidence for High Versus Low Inferior Mesenteric Artery Ligation in Rectal Cancer Surgery.

The Journal of surgical research · 2026 · PMID 42617376

INTRODUCTION: The optimal level of inferior mesenteric artery ligation in rectal cancer surgery remains controversial. This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) compares clinical and functional outcomes between high ligation (HL), performed at the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery, and low ligation (LL), performed distal to the left colic artery with preservation of the left colic artery. METHODS: Registered with PROSPERO, we systematically searched Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library (up to…

Systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of physical exercise on self-reported pain in patients with metastatic cancer.

Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2026 · PMID 41236596

PURPOSE: Cancer-related pain is a common complaint in patients with metastatic cancer, significantly diminishing Quality of Life (QoL). While limited research has shown beneficial effects of physical exercise on overall QoL in this population, the effect on pain remains unclear. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effect of physical exercise on self-reported pain in patients with metastatic cancer. METHODS: PubMed and EMBASE were searched for Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) up to May 1st, 2025, examinin…

Risk factors for cancer-related fatigue in patients with colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2022 · PMID 36318342

PURPOSE: Cancer-related fatigue seriously affects the quality of life of cancer patients, yet few systematic reviews have evaluated the risk factors for cancer-related fatigue in patients with colorectal cancer. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis to assess the risk factors of cancer-related fatigue in patients with colorectal cancer. METHODS: Literature databases, including PubMed, Ovid, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Web of Science, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, …

Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy procedure versus conventional two-stage hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastasis.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026 · PMID 42937256

RATIONALE: Staged surgical procedures, such as two-stage hepatectomy and associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) technique, use the liver regenerative capacity to stimulate growth of the future liver remnant. These procedures can be used in people with extensive colorectal liver metastases when the future liver remnant is too small to allow a safe postoperative recovery after major hepatectomy. Compared with conventional two-stage hepatectomy, although ALPPS results in fa…

Sacral neuromodulation for low anterior resection syndrome: current status-a systematic review and meta-analysis.

International journal of colorectal disease · 2023 · PMID 37428256

INTRODUCTION: It is estimated that approximately 70% of patients with rectal cancer who undergo surgery will suffer from Low Anterior Resection Syndrome (LARS). In the last decades, sacral neuromodulation (SNM) has been widely used in urinary dysfunction and in faecal incontinence refractory to medical treatment. Its application in LARS has been investigated and has shown promising results. The paper's aim is to present a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature and evaluate the therapeutic s…

Non-gastrointestinal symptom burden following colorectal cancer treatment-a systematic review.

Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2024 · PMID 39361213

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Improvements in screening and treatment have allowed for earlier detection and longer survival. However, treatments, which may involve surgery, radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, often lead to patients developing both gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal symptoms that can persist long term. This systematic review aims to understand better the non-gastrointestinal symptoms that patients develop after colorectal cancer treatment and h…

Multidimensional Quality of Life After Robotic Versus Laparoscopic Surgery for Rectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

World journal of surgery · 2023 · PMID 36788148

INTRODUCTION: Maximizing patients' quality of life (QoL) is a central goal in surgical oncology. Currently, both laparoscopic and robotic surgery are viable options in rectal cancer (RC) resections. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the differences in postoperative QoL between the two operative modalities. METHODOLOGY: This review was conducted in adherence to the PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and CENTRAL databases were searched for articles comparing QoL in patients undergoing laparosc…

Effects of mesenteric artery ligation level on patients with locally advanced rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: a retrospective cohort study.

Techniques in coloproctology · 2024 · PMID 39656290

BACKGROUND: There is currently limited research on the optimal level of inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) ligation during surgery for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). We carried out a retrospective cohort study to analyze the impact of IMA ligation level on surgical outcomes and long-term patient prognosis. METHODS: The data originated from a multicenter randomized controlled trial conducted across six tertiary referral hospitals in Beijing, involvi…

Impact of enhanced recovery pathways on patient-reported outcomes after abdominal surgery: a systematic review.

Surgical endoscopy · 2023 · PMID 37474828

INTRODUCTION: Evidence supports that enhanced recovery pathways (ERPs) reduce length of stay and complications; however, these measures may not reflect the perspective of patients who are the main stakeholders in the recovery process. This systematic review aimed to appraise the evidence regarding the impact of ERPs on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) after abdominal surgery. METHODS: Five databases (Medline, Embase, Biosis, Cochrane, and Web of Science) were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) address…

Effects of internet-based digital health interventions on the physical activity and quality of life of colorectal cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2024 · PMID 38374448

PURPOSE: The recent trend of Internet-based digital health interventions has driven researchers to implement them to promote physical activity (PA) and improve patients' health outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate the effects of Internet-based digital health interventions on PA and quality of life (QoL) in colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors. METHODS: We searched for relevant studies investigating the effects of internet-based digital health interventions published until Dec. 2022 in ele…

Venlafaxine in oncology: supportive-care evidence and emerging preclinical anticancer signals: a systematic review.

Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026 · PMID 42964294

BACKGROUND: Venlafaxine, a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, has been investigated in oncology for several supportive care indications and, more recently, for potential anticancer activity. However, the available evidence remains fragmented across clinical and preclinical studies. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aimed to synthesize the available evidence regarding the role of venlafaxine in oncology, including established supportive care applications and emerging anticancer potential. METHODS: A system…

Quality of life and functional outcomes after low anterior rectal resection with total mesorectal excision: a propensity score-matched comparison of robotic-assisted versus open surgery.

Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2026 · PMID 42836881

BACKGROUND: Robotic-assisted surgery (RAS) for rectal cancer is increasingly adopted. However, a recent systematic review highlighted a significant gap in the literature regarding quality of life (QOL) after different total mesorectal excision (TME) techniques, with open TME being particularly underrepresented. This study aimed to compare QOL and anorectal function between robotic-assisted and open low anterior rectal resection with TME. METHODS: Patients who underwent low anterior rectal resection with TME and pri…

Effects of Psycho-education Interventions on Colorectal Cancer Patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education · 2023 · PMID 37620689

Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients not only undergo physical symptoms but also psychological suffering. Psycho-education interventions have been implemented widely to improve their psychological well-being. However, the effectiveness of psycho-education is unclear. Therefore, this research evaluates the effectiveness of psycho-education interventions on CRC patient outcomes and identifies effective intervention characteristics. The researchers searched the following databases: PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane, Medl…

Risk Prediction Models and Predictors of Low Anterior Resection Syndrome in Patients with Rectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Seminars in oncology nursing · 2026 · PMID 42815287

OBJECTIVES: Identifying patients at high risk of low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) after rectal cancer surgery may facilitate early management and improve postoperative quality of life. Several LARS prediction models have been developed, but their predictive performance and methodological quality vary, and their predictors have not been systematically synthesized. This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze the predictive performance of existing LARS prediction models, focusing on the area under…

Illness Experiences and Supportive Care Needs of Patients With Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer: A Qualitative Systematic Review.

Journal of clinical nursing · 2026 · PMID 42808962

AIMS: To synthesise the holistic illness experiences and supportive care needs of patients with early-onset colorectal cancer across the entire disease trajectory. BACKGROUND: The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC), defined as colorectal cancer diagnosed in individuals younger than 50 years, has been steadily increasing. Patients are often diagnosed during critical periods of intimate relationship formation, family building and career development, when financial stability is also being established. …

Experiences of bowel symptoms in patients with rectal cancer after sphincter-preserving surgery: a qualitative meta-synthesis.

Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2022 · PMID 36513893

PURPOSE: This study is to identify and synthesize the available evidence of bowel symptom experiences of patients with rectal cancer after sphincter-preserving surgery (SPS). METHODS: This qualitative meta-synthesis was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) qualitative systematic review methodology and reported following the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research (ENTREQ) guidelines. Seven databases were searched on 22 December 2021. The selected studies were revie…

Robotic pelvic side-wall lymph node dissection for rectal cancer: a systematic review of videos and application of the IDEAL 2A framework.

Journal of robotic surgery · 2023 · PMID 36689077

Lateral pelvic lymph node dissection (LPLND) in rectal cancer has gained increasing traction worldwide. Robotic LPLND is an emerging technique. Utilising the IDEAL (idea, development, exploration, assessment and long-term follow-up) framework for surgical innovation, robotic LPLND is currently at the IDEAL 2A stage (development) mainly limited to case reports, case series and videos. A systematic literature review was performed for videographic robotic LPLND. Pubmed, Ovid and Web of Science were searched with a pre…

Preventative strategies for low anterior resection syndrome.

Techniques in coloproctology · 2023 · PMID 38091118

BACKGROUND: A common and debilitating complication of low anterior resection for rectal cancer is low anterior resection syndrome (LARS). As a multifactorial entity, LARS is poorly understood and challenging to treat. Despite this, prevention strategies are commonly overlooked. Our aim was to review the pathophysiology of LARS and explore current evidence on the efficacy and feasibility of prophylactic techniques. METHODS: A literature review was performed between [1st January 2000 to 1st October 2023] for studies …

The Role of Percutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation (PTNS) in Low Anterior Resection Syndrome (LARS): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2023 · PMID 36703030

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the pooled efficacy of percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) in patients with low anterior resection syndrome (LARS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was based on the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and the PRISMA guidelines. The primary endpoint was the pooled effect size of PTNS in LARS score (LARSS). Secondary endpoints included incontinence (Fecal Incontinence Score-FIC, Obstructive Defecation Syndrome-ODS), sexual functiona…

Routine versus postoperative CRP/CT guided selective diverting ileostomy after laparoscopic low anterior resection for rectal cancer: a comparative randomized controlled trial.

BMC surgery · 2026 · PMID 42875765

BACKGROUND: Diverting ileostomy is routinely used to protect the anastomosis after laparoscopic low anterior resection (LAR) for rectal cancer, but it exposes most patients to stoma-related morbidity even though only a minority develop a true anastomotic leak. This trial evaluated whether a postoperative C-reactive protein (CRP) and computed tomography (CT) guided selective ileostomy strategy could reduce the rate of ileostomy formation compared with routine diversion. METHODS: In this RCT, 200 patients with stage …

Narrative and cognitive behavioral therapy improve psychosocial and oncologic outcomes after abdominoperineal resection: a randomized controlled trial.

Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2026 · PMID 41160369

BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing abdominoperineal resection (APR) for low rectal cancer frequently experience profound psychosocial distress and impaired functional recovery due to permanent stoma formation. While ERAS protocols enhance physical rehabilitation, psychological dimensions remain under-addressed. This study evaluated the impact of a structured, integrative psychosocial intervention combining narrative therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on multidimensional recovery. METHODS: In this single-ce…

Optimizing postoperative recovery in colorectal cancer patients through integrated psychological and nutritional interventions.

Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2026 · PMID 40849523

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the effects of combined psychological intervention and enhanced nutritional support on postoperative recovery in CRC patients, focusing on nutritional status, sleep quality, pain management, psychological well-being, and quality of life. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from August 2021 to August 2023. A total of 300 CRC patients who underwent surgery were randomly assigned to the observation group (150 patien…

Reduced oxaliplatin exposure in gastrointestinal cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Cancer treatment reviews · 2026 · PMID 42801795

BACKGROUND: Oxaliplatin chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is dose-limiting, severe, and often permanent. Whether reduced oxaliplatin exposure (ROE) preserves efficacy while limiting toxicity across gastrointestinal (GI) cancers remains uncertain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing ROE strategies versus standard-duration oxaliplatin-based therapy in GI malignancies. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed according to PRISMA guidelines. …

Chinese Medicine Combined with Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Improving Myelosuppression in Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Chinese journal of integrative medicine · 2024 · PMID 38212495

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) combined with adjuvant chemotherapy on myelosuppression for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients using network meta-analysis (NMA). METHODS: Literature searches in both international (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) and Chinese (China Science and Technology Journal Database, Wanfang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure) databases for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were conducted from inception until Octo…

Urinary and sexual function after robotic and laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal of robotic surgery · 2024 · PMID 38907844

The purpose of the study was to compare the protective effects of robotic rectal cancer surgery (RRCS) and laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery (LRCS) on urinary and sexual function of patients. We conducted a systematic search in the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase for studies comparing the impact of RRCS and LRCS on urinary function and sexual function. The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), the five-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) and the Female …

Survival Outcomes in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients with BRAF Mutations Undergoing Targeted Chemotherapy: A Reconstructed Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2026 · PMID 42957919

BACKGROUND: BRAF V600E-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) represents an aggressive molecular subtype associated with poor prognosis and limited response to conventional chemotherapy. Although multiple targeted strategies, including anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and BRAF-directed therapies, are used in clinical practice, their comparative effectiveness remains uncertain. We performed a reconstructed individual patient-data (IPD) meta-analysis of…

The urinary and sexual outcomes of robot-assisted versus laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Surgery today · 2024 · PMID 36943447

To compare the urinary and sexual outcomes between robot-assisted rectal cancer (RC) surgery (RRCS) and laparoscopic RC surgery (LRCS) using a meta-analysis, searches were conducted of the Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, CNKI, and Wanfang databases. The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) was the primary outcome. Eleven studies (790 patients with RRCS and 888 with LRCS) were included. The IPSS scores were significantly lower for RRCS than LRCS from baseline to 3 months (weighted mean difference [WMD] = - …

Comparison of Functional Outcomes Between Robotic and Laparoscopic Surgery in Rectal Cancer Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Journal of investigative surgery : the official journal of the Academy of Surgical Research · 2026 · PMID 42037577

BACKGROUND: Robotic and laparoscopic approaches are widely used for rectal cancer surgery. Although robotic systems provide enhanced visualization and dexterity, it remains unclear whether these advantages improve postoperative urinary and sexual function. METHODS: MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and CENTRAL (2000-2025) were searched for studies comparing robotic and laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery. Outcomes included postoperative ileus, urinary retention, and urinary and sexual function. Random-effects meta-an…

Robotic-assisted versus standard laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer in obese patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Computer assisted surgery (Abingdon, England) · 2026 · PMID 41454717

Colorectal cancer represents a major global health concern and obesity adds complicates its surgical management. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the comparative effectiveness and safety of robotic-assisted surgery and standard laparoscopic surgery in obese colorectal cancer patients. A comprehensive literature search performed across databases from inception to April 2024. Pooled estimates included hospital stay duration, drainage tube removal time, first ventilation time, complication rates, re-admission rate…

Efficacy and Safety of Short-Course Radiotherapy Alone or Combined With Consolidation Chemotherapy Versus Conventional Long-Course Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2026 · PMID 42955209

OBJECTIVE: Short-course radiotherapy (SCRT)-based regimens, including SCRT-alone and SCRT-based total neoadjuvant therapy (SCRT-based TNT, defined as SCRT followed by consolidation chemotherapy), have emerged as alternative neoadjuvant options to long-course chemoradiotherapy (LCCRT) for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). This meta-analysis stratified analyses by the type of SCRT regimen and whether LCCRT arms received preoperative consolidation chemotherapy, to systematically compare their efficacy and safety …

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy and Safety of Regorafenib in the Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.

Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2024 · PMID 39710828

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Despite advances in treatment, metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) remains a significant challenge due to its heterogeneity and resistance to therapy. Regorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor, can inhibit tumor progression through multiple mechanisms, thereby improving patient prognosis. It has emerged as a potential treatment option for mCRC patients who have progressed on standard therapies. This systematic rev…

Robotic versus laparoscopic approaches for rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of postoperative complications, anastomotic leak, and mortality.

Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2024 · PMID 39576363

OBJECTIVE: Compare the efficacy and safety of robotic versus laparoscopic approach for rectal cancer treatment, addressing the ongoing debate within the medical community regarding the optimal surgical approach. BACKGROUND: Traditionally, surgery has been the cornerstone of rectal cancer treatment, aimed at tumor removal and intestinal function preservation. Recent advancements have introduced laparoscopic and robotic surgeries as minimally invasive alternatives to conventional methods. However, it faces limitation…

Prophylactic Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Colorectal Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Annals of surgical oncology · 2026 · PMID 42624981

BACKGROUND: Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has been shown to be effective to treat peritoneal carcinomatosis (PM). However, the benefits of prophylactic HIPEC in patients with locally advanced colorectal cancer remains unknown. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the impact of prophylactic HIPEC in this setting. METHODS: We performed a systematic literature review using PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases according to pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Oncological parameters…

Systematic review of the management options available for low anterior resection syndrome (LARS).

Techniques in coloproctology · 2025 · PMID 39903381

BACKGROUND: Rectal cancer incidence is increasing. Low anterior resection is currently the gold standard surgical management. Postoperatively, patients may present with symptoms indicative of low anterior resection syndrome (LARS). LARS can be debilitating and is difficult to treat with low efficacy of treatment modalities. This systematic review aims to highlight the current evidence regarding LARS management. METHODS: Systematic review of Medline, Cochrane and Embase used the following terms: "low anterior resect…

Turnbull-Cutait pull-through coloanal anastomosis versus standard coloanal anastomosis plus diverting ileostomy for low anterior resection: a meta-analysis and systematic review.

Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2024 · PMID 38888662

PURPOSE: Coloanal anastomosis with loop diverting ileostomy (CAA) is an option for low anterior resection of the rectum, and Turnbull-Cutait coloanal anastomosis (TCA) regained popularity in the effort to offer patients a reconstructive option. In this context, we aimed to compare both techniques. METHODS: PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus were searched for studies published until January 2024. Odds ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled with a random-effects model. Statistical significance was def…

Upfront primary tumor resection versus upfront systemic therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

International journal of colorectal disease · 2023 · PMID 37405554

PURPOSE: The standard initial treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) remains debated. This study investigated whether upfront primary tumor resection (PTR) or upfront systemic therapy (ST) provides better survival outcomes for patients with mCRC. METHODS: The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched for studies published at any time from January 1, 2004, to December 31, 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective or retrospective cohort studies (RCSs)…

Comparative analysis of safety and effectiveness between natural orifice specimen extraction and conventional transabdominal specimen extraction in robot-assisted colorectal cancer resection through systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal of robotic surgery · 2024 · PMID 39361096

The goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the perioperative and oncologic results of natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE) compared to conventional transabdominal specimen extraction (TASE) in robotic-assisted surgery for colorectal cancer. A comprehensive electronic search will be performed on PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to find research articles published from the beginning of the databases to July 2024 that focus on patients who have undergone robotic-assisted surgery …

Perioperative or Postoperative Probiotics Reduce Treatment-Related Complications in Adult Colorectal Cancer Patients Undergoing Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2024 · PMID 38231290

PURPOSE: This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed to assess the efficacy of perioperative or postoperative probiotics as a therapeutic approach for managing colorectal cancer treatment-related complications in patients undergoing surgery, with or without adjuvant therapy. METHODS: MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched. RESULTS: Ten RCTs with 1276 patients were included. There was a significant decrease in the incidence of diarrhea (odds ratio (OR) 0.42; 95%…

Evaluation of fruquintinib's efficacy and safety in refractory metastatic colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of phase II and III randomized controlled trials.

Clinical journal of gastroenterology · 2025 · PMID 39704756

BACKGROUND: Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) remains a significant cause of mortality despite advancements in treatments. Fruquintinib, a potent VEGFR inhibitor, has shown promise as an advanced therapy for mCRC. This review evaluates the efficacy and safety of fruquintinib compared to placebo in patients with refractory mCRC, focusing on Phase II and III trials. METHOD: This study was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A literature search …

Systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of physical exercise on self-reported pain in patients with metastatic cancer.

Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2026 · PMID 41236596

PURPOSE: Cancer-related pain is a common complaint in patients with metastatic cancer, significantly diminishing Quality of Life (QoL). While limited research has shown beneficial effects of physical exercise on overall QoL in this population, the effect on pain remains unclear. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effect of physical exercise on self-reported pain in patients with metastatic cancer. METHODS: PubMed and EMBASE were searched for Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) up to May 1st, 2025, examinin…

Comparative perioperative and oncological outcomes of the da Vinci Xi versus Si robotic surgical systems in rectal cancer surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal of robotic surgery · 2026 · PMID 42900273

The da Vinci Xi replaced the Si with a boom-mounted architecture intended to remove the re-docking and multiquadrant limits on pelvic access. Whether it changes outcomes in rectal cancer surgery is unresolved: existing syntheses pooled rectal with colonic resection. Five databases, Google Scholar and citation graphs were searched to August 2026, without language or design restriction, for comparative studies reporting outcomes separately by platform in rectal cancer resection. Screening, extraction and risk-of-bias…

Conversion strategies in RAS wild-type colorectal liver metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of first-line trials comparing regimens with anti-epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors versus bevacizumab.

Critical reviews in oncology/hematology · 2026 · PMID 42562243

The selection of optimal conversion therapy for patients with initially unresectable colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) remains a significant clinical challenge. In patients with RAS wild-type disease, a key therapeutic decision involves whether to combine chemotherapy with an EGFR inhibitor (EGFRi) or bevacizumab. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2015 and 2025 were conducted to compare chemotherapy plus either an EGFRi or bevacizumab as first…

Inadvertent laparoscopic lavage of perforated colon cancer: a systematic review.

Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2024 · PMID 38197963

BACKGROUND: Although laparoscopic lavage for perforated diverticulitis with peritonitis has been grabbing the headlines, it is known that the clinical presentation of peritonitis can also be caused by an underlying perforated carcinoma. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of patients undergoing inadvertent laparoscopic lavage of perforated colon cancer as well as the delay in cancer diagnosis. METHODS: The PubMed database was systematically searched to include all studies meeting inclusion criteria…

Prophylactic funnel mesh for preventing parastomal hernia in patients with permanent end stoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Hernia : the journal of hernias and abdominal wall surgery · 2025 · PMID 39903355

PURPOSE: The high incidence of parastomal hernia (PSH) has led surgeons to study strategies to minimize PSH, including prophylactic mesh placement during permanent stoma creation. There are several studies on prophylactic mesh for preventing PSH with conflicting results and there is limited information on using 3D funnel meshes and their effectiveness in preventing PSH. METHODS: A search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials, and Web of Science for studies published up to Sep…

Different doses of bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy for advanced colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis and Bayesian analysis.

International journal of colorectal disease · 2023 · PMID 37289304

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to explore the incremental benefit of bevacizumab (Bev) in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) with different doses. METHODS: A literature search of eight electronic databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang databases, Chinese Biomedical Database, VIP medicine information, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE) was conducted from database creation to December 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared Bev at various dos…

Timing of diverting ileostomy closure after low anterior resection for rectal cancer: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of early and delayed closure.

Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2026 · PMID 42931879

PURPOSE: To compare early and delayed diverting ileostomy closure after low anterior resection for rectal cancer, focusing on postoperative morbidity and recovery outcomes, and to assess the certainty of available evidence. METHODS: PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from inception to 26th April, 2026. Five comparative studies (four randomized trials and one prospective cohort; 512 participants) were included. Random-effects meta-analyses evaluated overall post-closure morbidity as the…

Efficacy and Safety of Metronomic Capecitabine in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2024 · PMID 39160369

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Metronomic capecitabine has been found to be useful in several types of cancers such as pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, gastrointestinal cancers, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and metastatic colorectal cancer. This unique systematic literature review and meta-analysis was undertaken to assess the effectiveness and safety of metronomic capecitabine as a treatment regimen for hepatocellular carcinoma. METHOD: A systematic search of major databases was performed. Eight studies that dealt with t…

Effect of Pringle maneuver on prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases after liver resection: a meta-analysis.

Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2024 · PMID 38316643

PURPOSE: Pringle maneuver (PM) is a double-edged sword in liver resection, which is beneficial in reducing blood loss but also causes ischemia-reperfusion injury which may stimulate the outgrowth of micrometastases. The impact of PM on tumor recurrence remains controversial. This study aimed to assess whether PM has effect on the prognosis of colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM) after hepatectomy. METHODS: PubMed and the Cochrane Library databases were searched. The PM is defined as the portal triad clamping f…

Reduced oxaliplatin exposure in gastrointestinal cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Cancer treatment reviews · 2026 · PMID 42801795

BACKGROUND: Oxaliplatin chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is dose-limiting, severe, and often permanent. Whether reduced oxaliplatin exposure (ROE) preserves efficacy while limiting toxicity across gastrointestinal (GI) cancers remains uncertain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing ROE strategies versus standard-duration oxaliplatin-based therapy in GI malignancies. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed according to PRISMA guidelines. …

Chinese Medicine Combined with Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Improving Myelosuppression in Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Chinese journal of integrative medicine · 2024 · PMID 38212495

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) combined with adjuvant chemotherapy on myelosuppression for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients using network meta-analysis (NMA). METHODS: Literature searches in both international (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) and Chinese (China Science and Technology Journal Database, Wanfang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure) databases for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were conducted from inception until Octo…

Urinary and sexual function after robotic and laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal of robotic surgery · 2024 · PMID 38907844

The purpose of the study was to compare the protective effects of robotic rectal cancer surgery (RRCS) and laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery (LRCS) on urinary and sexual function of patients. We conducted a systematic search in the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase for studies comparing the impact of RRCS and LRCS on urinary function and sexual function. The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), the five-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) and the Female …

Comparison of Functional Outcomes Between Robotic and Laparoscopic Surgery in Rectal Cancer Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Journal of investigative surgery : the official journal of the Academy of Surgical Research · 2026 · PMID 42037577

BACKGROUND: Robotic and laparoscopic approaches are widely used for rectal cancer surgery. Although robotic systems provide enhanced visualization and dexterity, it remains unclear whether these advantages improve postoperative urinary and sexual function. METHODS: MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and CENTRAL (2000-2025) were searched for studies comparing robotic and laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery. Outcomes included postoperative ileus, urinary retention, and urinary and sexual function. Random-effects meta-an…

Robotic-assisted versus standard laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer in obese patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Computer assisted surgery (Abingdon, England) · 2026 · PMID 41454717

Colorectal cancer represents a major global health concern and obesity adds complicates its surgical management. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the comparative effectiveness and safety of robotic-assisted surgery and standard laparoscopic surgery in obese colorectal cancer patients. A comprehensive literature search performed across databases from inception to April 2024. Pooled estimates included hospital stay duration, drainage tube removal time, first ventilation time, complication rates, re-admission rate…

Comparative efficacy of fruquintinib, regorafenib or TAS-102 in patients with KRAS-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Frontiers in oncology · 2026 · PMID 42964049

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to synthesize evidence from recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy of regorafenib, fruquintinib, and TAS-102 in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Using a network meta-analysis, we compared long-term survival outcomes (overall and progression-free survival) in the overall population and in patients with KRAS mutations, to guide treatment decisions and inform therapy selection in molecularly defined subgroups. METHODS: We systematically searched…

Efficacy and Safety of Short-Course Radiotherapy Alone or Combined With Consolidation Chemotherapy Versus Conventional Long-Course Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2026 · PMID 42955209

OBJECTIVE: Short-course radiotherapy (SCRT)-based regimens, including SCRT-alone and SCRT-based total neoadjuvant therapy (SCRT-based TNT, defined as SCRT followed by consolidation chemotherapy), have emerged as alternative neoadjuvant options to long-course chemoradiotherapy (LCCRT) for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). This meta-analysis stratified analyses by the type of SCRT regimen and whether LCCRT arms received preoperative consolidation chemotherapy, to systematically compare their efficacy and safety …

Peri-operative, oncological and functional outcomes of robotic versus transanal total mesorectal excision in patients with rectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Techniques in coloproctology · 2024 · PMID 38951249

BACKGROUND: Comparative outcomes of robotic low anterior resection (rTME) and trans-anal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) in patients with low rectal cancer were evaluated. METHODS: A systematic online search was conducted using the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane database, The Virtual Health Library, Clinical trials.gov and Science Direct. Comparative studies of rTME versus TaTME for low rectal cancer were included. Primary outcomes were postoperative complications, including anastomotic leak, surgi…

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy and Safety of Regorafenib in the Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.

Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2024 · PMID 39710828

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Despite advances in treatment, metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) remains a significant challenge due to its heterogeneity and resistance to therapy. Regorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor, can inhibit tumor progression through multiple mechanisms, thereby improving patient prognosis. It has emerged as a potential treatment option for mCRC patients who have progressed on standard therapies. This systematic rev…

Robotic versus laparoscopic approaches for rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of postoperative complications, anastomotic leak, and mortality.

Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2024 · PMID 39576363

OBJECTIVE: Compare the efficacy and safety of robotic versus laparoscopic approach for rectal cancer treatment, addressing the ongoing debate within the medical community regarding the optimal surgical approach. BACKGROUND: Traditionally, surgery has been the cornerstone of rectal cancer treatment, aimed at tumor removal and intestinal function preservation. Recent advancements have introduced laparoscopic and robotic surgeries as minimally invasive alternatives to conventional methods. However, it faces limitation…

Systematic review of the management options available for low anterior resection syndrome (LARS).

Techniques in coloproctology · 2025 · PMID 39903381

BACKGROUND: Rectal cancer incidence is increasing. Low anterior resection is currently the gold standard surgical management. Postoperatively, patients may present with symptoms indicative of low anterior resection syndrome (LARS). LARS can be debilitating and is difficult to treat with low efficacy of treatment modalities. This systematic review aims to highlight the current evidence regarding LARS management. METHODS: Systematic review of Medline, Cochrane and Embase used the following terms: "low anterior resect…

Turnbull-Cutait pull-through coloanal anastomosis versus standard coloanal anastomosis plus diverting ileostomy for low anterior resection: a meta-analysis and systematic review.

Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2024 · PMID 38888662

PURPOSE: Coloanal anastomosis with loop diverting ileostomy (CAA) is an option for low anterior resection of the rectum, and Turnbull-Cutait coloanal anastomosis (TCA) regained popularity in the effort to offer patients a reconstructive option. In this context, we aimed to compare both techniques. METHODS: PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus were searched for studies published until January 2024. Odds ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled with a random-effects model. Statistical significance was def…

Comparative analysis of safety and effectiveness between natural orifice specimen extraction and conventional transabdominal specimen extraction in robot-assisted colorectal cancer resection through systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal of robotic surgery · 2024 · PMID 39361096

The goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the perioperative and oncologic results of natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE) compared to conventional transabdominal specimen extraction (TASE) in robotic-assisted surgery for colorectal cancer. A comprehensive electronic search will be performed on PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to find research articles published from the beginning of the databases to July 2024 that focus on patients who have undergone robotic-assisted surgery …

Endoscopic Management of Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Anastomosis Strictures: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of the Literature.

Digestive diseases and sciences · 2024 · PMID 39269668

BACKGROUND: Anastomotic strictures following colectomy and proctectomy are a significant cause of benign lower gastrointestinal tract (LGIT) obstruction, with a reported incidence of up to 30%. Endoscopic interventions such as balloon dilation, stricturotomy, mechanical dilation, electrocautery incision, and stent placement are utilized for management. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic interventions for the management of benign LGIT anastomotic strictures. METHODS: Literatur…

Perioperative or Postoperative Probiotics Reduce Treatment-Related Complications in Adult Colorectal Cancer Patients Undergoing Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2024 · PMID 38231290

PURPOSE: This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed to assess the efficacy of perioperative or postoperative probiotics as a therapeutic approach for managing colorectal cancer treatment-related complications in patients undergoing surgery, with or without adjuvant therapy. METHODS: MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched. RESULTS: Ten RCTs with 1276 patients were included. There was a significant decrease in the incidence of diarrhea (odds ratio (OR) 0.42; 95%…

Evaluation of fruquintinib's efficacy and safety in refractory metastatic colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of phase II and III randomized controlled trials.

Clinical journal of gastroenterology · 2025 · PMID 39704756

BACKGROUND: Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) remains a significant cause of mortality despite advancements in treatments. Fruquintinib, a potent VEGFR inhibitor, has shown promise as an advanced therapy for mCRC. This review evaluates the efficacy and safety of fruquintinib compared to placebo in patients with refractory mCRC, focusing on Phase II and III trials. METHOD: This study was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A literature search …

Influence of BMI on robotic rectal cancer surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal of robotic surgery · 2025 · PMID 39751672

Obesity presents a significant public health challenge, known to escalate the risk of colorectal cancer twofold. The potential advantages of employing robotic technology in colorectal surgery for obese individuals remain mostly unexplored. A comprehensive search of articles retrieved from Scopus, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library for the duration of January 2014 to March 2024 was performed, without language limitations. Meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The study compared results of r…

Efficacy and safety of salvage endoscopy in the treatment of residual or recurrent colorectal neoplasia after endoscopic resection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Surgical endoscopy · 2024 · PMID 38744694

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review and meta-analyze the efficacy and safety of salvage endoscopy for residual or recurrence of colorectal tumors after endoscopic resection. METHODS: Multiple databases including PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were searched to screen for eligible studies and perform data extraction and pooled analysis. RESULTS: Sixteen studies on salvage endoscopy for residual or recurrent colorectal cancer after endoscopic resection were included, covering approximately 994 patients. The r…

Systematic review of the feasibility of sparing the rectoprostatic fascia in male patients undergoing total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer.

Techniques in coloproctology · 2024 · PMID 39656328

BACKGROUND: The main purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of sparing the rectoprostatic fascia (RPF) in adult male cadavers and in adult male patients who underwent total mesorectal excision (TME) for rectal cancer. A secondary objective was to evaluate urogenital function following rectal cancer surgery, pathologic, and oncologic outcomes. METHODS: In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, we performed a systematic review with an a priori design to identify relevant studies via MESH terms and keyword…

Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of robot-assisted comparative laparoscopic surgery in lateral lymph node dissection for rectal cancer.

Surgical endoscopy · 2024 · PMID 39090200

INTRODUCTION: A meta-analysis was conducted on the perioperative and oncological outcomes of robot-assisted and laparoscopic lateral lymph node dissection in rectal cancer. There are few articles and reports on this topic, and a lack of high-quality research results in unreliable research conclusions. This study includes prospective and retrospective studies to obtain more reliable findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Databases were searched, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Web of Science. The search was conduc…

A systematic review on the role of interventional radiotherapy for treatment of anal squamous cell cancer: multimodal and multidisciplinary therapeutic approach.

La Radiologia medica · 2024 · PMID 39453532

BACKGROUND: Aim was to compare the efficacy of interventional radiotherapy (IRT) boost vs. external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) boost after chemoradiation (CCRT) in patients with anal cancer (AC). METHODS: The P.I.C.O. framework was: in patients with AC [P], is IRT boost [I] superior to EBRT boost [C] in terms of local control (LC), cancer specific survival (CSS), overall survival (OS), distant meta-static free Survival (DMFS), colostomy free survival (CFS) and toxicity [O]? RESULTS: 651 patients were analyzed. The me…

Prophylactic funnel mesh for preventing parastomal hernia in patients with permanent end stoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Hernia : the journal of hernias and abdominal wall surgery · 2025 · PMID 39903355

PURPOSE: The high incidence of parastomal hernia (PSH) has led surgeons to study strategies to minimize PSH, including prophylactic mesh placement during permanent stoma creation. There are several studies on prophylactic mesh for preventing PSH with conflicting results and there is limited information on using 3D funnel meshes and their effectiveness in preventing PSH. METHODS: A search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials, and Web of Science for studies published up to Sep…

Robotic versus laparoscopic pelvic lateral lymph node dissection in locally advanced rectal cancer: a systemic review and meta-analysis.

Surgical endoscopy · 2024 · PMID 38816620

BACKGROUND: There are few available studies that compare the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of robotic pelvic lateral lymph node dissection compared to laparoscopic pelvic lateral lymph node dissection (LPLND) in advanced rectal cancer. This meta-analysis aims to compare perioperative outcomes between robotic and LPLND. METHODS: We performed a systemic literature review of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. Perioperative parameters were extracted and pooled for analysis. This meta-analysis provided an…

Efficacy and Safety of Anti-EGFR Therapy Rechallenge in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2024 · PMID 39436445

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with a significant portion of patients presenting with metastatic disease at diagnosis. Resistance to initial anti-EGFR therapy, a key treatment for RAS wild-type metastatic CRC, remains a major challenge. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of rechallenge with anti-EGFR therapy in patients with metastatic CRC who have progressed after prior treatments. METHODS: A systematic search was condu…

Clinical study of pronase for improving visibility and safety in colonoscopy.

Chinese medical journal · 2026 · PMID 42260742

BACKGROUND: This is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled interventional clinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pronase in improving visibility in colonoscopy and to evaluate whether pronase can increase the detection rate of intestinal lesions and the colonoscopist's satisfaction. METHODS: From June 2023 to December 2023, a total of 1942 patients undergoing air insufflation colonoscopy in 10 hospitals (The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, et al ) were selecte…

Computer-assisted versus standard colonoscopy for adenoma detection in a population-based colorectal cancer screening program: a randomized clinical trial.

Endoscopy · 2026 · PMID 42331035

BACKGROUND: The impact of computer-aided detection (CADe) systems on lesion detection remains uncertain. We evaluated whether a CADe system improves adenoma detection rate (ADR) in a colorectal cancer (CRC) screening program. METHODS: This multicenter randomized clinical trial included patients aged 40-79 years who underwent colonoscopy after a positive fecal immunochemical test (FIT) or for surveillance. Patients were randomized to either conventional or CADe-assisted colonoscopy. The primary end point was ADR. Se…

Short-term linaclotide plus polyethylene glycol in patients at increased risk of inadequate bowel preparation: A randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial.

Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver · 2026 · PMID 41692643

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The benefit of combining linaclotide with polyethylene glycol (PEG) for improving bowel preparation quality and adenoma detection in patients at risk for inadequate bowel preparation remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate its efficacy and safety. METHODS: From August 2022 to July 2023, a multicenter, randomized trial assigned participants to a 2-day linaclotide or placebo plus PEG regimen. The primary endpoints included adequate bowel preparation rate and mean number of adenomas detecte…

Chemotherapy for patients with circulating tumour DNA-positive, stage II colon cancer (CIRCULATE)-an AIO/ABCSG trial.

Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology · 2026 · PMID 42225236

BACKGROUND: Adjuvant chemotherapy provides limited benefit in unselected stage II colon cancer. Post-operative circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) has higher prognostic value than classical clinical markers, with ctDNA positivity indicating an unfavourable outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with Union for International Cancer Control stage II, mismatch repair proficient/microsatellite stable colon cancer were tested for ctDNA using an academic, tumour-informed, next-generation sequencing-based test. ctDNA-positive …

Standard-definition White-light, High-definition White-light versus Narrow-band Imaging Endoscopy for Detecting Colorectal Adenomas: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

Current medical science · 2024 · PMID 38842773

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the performance of standard-definition white-light endoscopy (SD-WL), high-definition white-light endoscopy (HD-WL), and high-definition narrow-band imaging (HD-NBI) in detecting colorectal lesions in the Chinese population. METHODS: This was a multicenter, single-blind, randomized, controlled trial with a non-inferiority design. Patients undergoing endoscopy for physical examination, screening, and surveillance were enrolled from July 2017 to December 2020. The primary outcom…

Effects of mesenteric artery ligation level on patients with locally advanced rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: a retrospective cohort study.

Techniques in coloproctology · 2024 · PMID 39656290

BACKGROUND: There is currently limited research on the optimal level of inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) ligation during surgery for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). We carried out a retrospective cohort study to analyze the impact of IMA ligation level on surgical outcomes and long-term patient prognosis. METHODS: The data originated from a multicenter randomized controlled trial conducted across six tertiary referral hospitals in Beijing, involvi…

First-line anlotinib versus bevacizumab plus CapeOX in RAS/BRAF wild-type unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer (ANCHOR): a multicenter, prospective, randomized, phase 3 trial.

Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026 · PMID 42675036

Bevacizumab plus chemotherapy is the standard first-line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). To date, no phase 3 trial has compared first-line oral multitargeted TKI versus bevacizumab plus chemotherapy in RAS/BRAF wild-type mCRC. The open-label, noninferiority, randomized, phase 3 trial (ANCHOR; NCT04854668; CTR20210940) evaluated first-line anlotinib versus bevacizumab plus oxaliplatin and capecitabine (CapeOX) in this setting. Patients were centrally randomized (1:1) to receive 4-8 cycles of CapeOX …

Optimal endoscopic treatment for rectal neuroendocrine tumors, confirmed after forceps biopsy: a Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases multicenter, randomized noninferiority trial.

Gastrointestinal endoscopy · 2026 · PMID 41338400

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Insufficient submucosal lifting because of pretreatment with forceps biopsy frequently complicates endoscopic treatment of rectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and potentially affects procedural outcomes. Despite advances in endoscopic techniques, the optimal approach for achieving R0 resection in such cases remains to be clarified. This study aimed to investigate the optimal endoscopic technique for treating biopsy-proven rectal NETs ≤10 mm. METHODS: A multicenter, randomized noninferiority stu…

Consolidation Chemotherapy After Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: 7-Year Follow-Up Results of a Randomized Multicenter Trial (KCSG CO 14-03).

International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics · 2026 · PMID 41548612

PURPOSE: Total neoadjuvant therapy has become the standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer. However, the optimal sequence and duration of treatment remain unclear. Hence, the long-term follow-up results from our previous randomized phase 2 trial on consolidation chemotherapy, which demonstrated improved short-term pathologic outcomes, could provide valuable clinical evidence supporting total neoadjuvant therapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The KCSG CO 14-03 trial is a multicenter, randomized trial involving…

Promoting shared decision-making in colorectal cancer screening in primary care: A cluster randomized controlled trial.

PloS one · 2026 · PMID 42263092

INTRODUCTION: In Switzerland, primary care physicians (PCP) prescribe colonoscopy for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rather than offering a choice between colonoscopy and faecal occult blood test (FOBT). This study evaluated a training program promoting shared decision-making for CRC screening. METHODS: PCP from a research network were randomized 1:1 into intervention or control. The intervention group received study materials, patient decision aids, evidence summary, FOBT sample kit, and personalized feedback o…

Prevention of Parastomal Hernia With Funnel-Shaped Intra-Abdominal Mesh vs No Mesh for Rectal Adenocarcinoma Surgery: 3-Year Follow-Up of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

JAMA surgery · 2026 · PMID 42018309

IMPORTANCE: Parastomal hernia (PSH) is one of the most common complications after permanent colostomy, yet there is ongoing debate regarding the effectiveness and indications of preventive measures. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of funnel-shaped mesh in preventing PSH over a 3-year follow-up period. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The Chimney Trial was a randomized, single-blinded, multicenter study conducted at 4 university and central hospitals in Finland and 1 central hospital in Sweden.…

Effect of remimazolam on postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection for colorectal cancer: a randomized controlled trial.

BMC gastroenterology · 2026 · PMID 42215906

BACKGROUND: Our study aimed to compare remimazolam, midazolam, and no sedative on postoperative delirium (POD) incidence, cognitive function, inflammation, and recovery in elderly colorectal cancer (CRC) laparoscopic radical resection patients. METHODS: In this single-center, randomized, double-blind trial, 60 patients aged ≥ 60 years were assigned to the Control, Remimazolam, or Midazolam groups (n = 20 each). Anesthesia included remimazolam (6 mg/kg/h for 5 min), midazolam (0.04 mg/kg) before induction, or no sed…

Aspirin for cancer prevention in individuals with Lynch syndrome: first results from the CaPP3 multicentre, randomised, double-blind, non-inferiority trial.

The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026 · PMID 42425127

BACKGROUND: In CAPP2, 600 mg aspirin daily significantly reduced the incidence of colorectal cancer and the incidence of all Lynch syndrome cancers among participants with Lynch syndrome. CaPP3 aimed to assess the efficacy of two lower doses of aspirin. METHODS: CaPP3 was a multicentre, parallel-group, randomised, double-blind, dose non-inferiority trial that compared 100 mg or 300 mg daily aspirin with 600 mg daily aspirin in Lynch syndrome carriers aged older than 18 years; patients were recruited from clinical g…

Effect of Personalized Risk Messages on Patient Intent and Decision Making in Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making · 2026 · PMID 42517432

PurposeTo measure the impact of a personalized message about current risk of having advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACN; colorectal cancer [CRC] or advanced precancerous polyp) on informed concordance and CRC screening decision-making outcomes.MethodsA total of 1,084 patients, aged 50 to 75 y, with an upcoming clinic appointment, due for CRC screening, and at average risk for CRC were randomized to view a decision aid (DA) about CRC screening with or without personalized ACN risk information. Providers were randomiz…

Effect of a computer-aided quality feedback system on colonoscopists' adenoma detection rate in Denmark: a multicentre, stepped-wedge, cluster-randomised, controlled trial.

The Lancet. Digital health · 2026 · PMID 42686507

BACKGROUND: Colonoscopy is a frequently performed procedure to diagnose and treat colorectal cancer. However, endoscopist competence varies considerably. Adenoma detection rate (ADR) is the most established indicator of colonoscopy quality. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a computer-aided quality (CAQ) feedback and monitoring system on the ADR of endoscopists. METHODS: We conducted a cluster-randomised, controlled trial with stepped-wedge randomisation among patients aged 50-74 years with a positive faecal immun…

Oncological impact of adjuvant chemotherapy after rectal cancer excision in the era of FOLFIRINOX-based TNT: A pooled post-hoc analysis of GRECCAR4-PRODIGE23.

European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) · 2026 · PMID 42743888

BACKGROUND: The role of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) after total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) remains controversial, mainly based on colon cancer protocols, with recent validation of the equivalence of the 3- and 6-month CT regimens. The aim of this study is to evaluate the oncological impact of AC in the era of TNT in patients with LARC. METHODS: We conducted a post hoc analysis of ypN+ and ypN0/cN+ subgroups from two French multicentre randomized trials GRECCAR 4(NCT01333709) …

Addition of High-Dose Vitamin D3 to Standard Treatment in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: The SOLARIS Randomized Clinical Trial (Alliance A021703).

JAMA · 2026 · PMID 42545685

IMPORTANCE: In a phase 2 randomized clinical trial, high-dose vitamin D3 added to standard treatment improved progression-free survival (PFS) compared with standard-dose vitamin D3 in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). OBJECTIVE: To determine if high-dose vitamin D3 added to standard chemotherapy improves outcomes in patients with previously untreated mCRC. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Double-blind phase 3 randomized clinical trial enrolling 455 patients with previously untreated mCRC, conduct…

Tumour cell density quantified by artificial intelligence is associated with differential benefit from irinotecan-based chemo-radiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer: a post-hoc study of the phase 3 ARISTOTLE trial.

EBioMedicine · 2026 · PMID 42509089

BACKGROUND: Tumour cells and tumour-associated stroma are key components of the tumour microenvironment, and their interaction impacts disease progression and treatment resistance in rectal cancer. This study introduces a computational approach to quantify tumour cell density (TCD) within epithelial and stromal regions and assess whether treatment response differs according to TCD status in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). METHODS: The data of 414 …

Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy vs Upfront Surgery in Patients With Locally Advanced Colon Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

JAMA surgery · 2026 · PMID 41779406

IMPORTANCE: Locally advanced colon cancer carries a high risk of recurrence. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been proposed to improve outcomes, but evidence from phase III trials remains limited. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy improves disease-free survival (DFS) compared with upfront surgery in patients with locally advanced colon cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This randomized, open-label, phase III clinical trial conducted from October 14, 2013, to November 27, 2020, with follow…

Comparative Oncologic Outcomes of Laparoscopic versus Open Surgery for Early-Onset Low Rectal Cancer: 3-Year Results From the LASRE Trial.

World journal of surgery · 2026 · PMID 42272043

BACKGROUND: Low rectal cancer poses unique surgical challenges due to its anatomy, complicating the balance between radical resection and functional preservation. Early-onset low rectal cancer (EO-LRC, < 50 years) adds complexity: it has distinct, more aggressive biological/clinical features but no age-stratified surgical guidelines. Moreover, laparoscopic surgery's efficacy in EO-LRC is controversial-though non-inferior in general low rectal cancer, EO-LRC's aggressiveness may offset its benefits. This study aims …

Cold snare polypectomy for 10-19 mm colorectal adenomas in familial adenomatous polyposis: a prospective randomized controlled trial.

Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology · 2026 · PMID 41736450

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Evidence for cold snare polypectomy (CSP) in treating 10-19 mm colorectal adenomas in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is limited. This study compared the efficacy and safety of CSP vs. hot snare polypectomy (HSP). METHODS: This prospective non-inferiority randomized controlled trial predefined a non-inferiority margin of 4%. A total of 452 colorectal adenomas (10-19 mm) from 41 FAP patients were enrolled between May 2024 and May 2025 and randomized 1:1 to CSP (n = 220) or HSP…

Resection Depth of Underwater Versus Conventional Endoscopic Mucosal Resection for Intermediate-Sized Colorectal Tumors.

The American journal of gastroenterology · 2026 · PMID 41510976

INTRODUCTION: Underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR) does not involve submucosal injection. Its ability to achieve sufficient resection depth comparable with that of conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (CEMR) remains unclear. This randomized controlled trial aimed to compare UEMR and CEMR, with a specific focus on resection depth. METHODS: In this noninferiority randomized controlled trial at 4 Japanese institutions, patients with colorectal tumors measuring 10-20 mm were randomly assigned to the UEMR…

Accuracy and reliability of preoperative CT in perforated diverticulitis: Post hoc secondary analysis from the SCANDIV trial.

Scandinavian journal of surgery : SJS : official organ for the Finnish Surgical Society and the Scandinavian Surgical Society · 2026 · PMID 41692579

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Undetected cancers and fecal contamination in perforated diverticulitis may lead to failure of laparoscopic lavage. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of preoperative computed tomography (CT) examinations and the interobserver agreement for detecting colonic malignancy and fecal contamination in patients with perforated diverticulitis. METHODS: This study included 198 patients with suspected perforated diverticulitis from the SCANDIV trial, randomized to laparoscopic lavage or…

Cost-effectiveness of the gluteal turnover flap for perineal wound closure after abdominoperineal resection: randomized clinical trial.

BJS open · 2026 · PMID 42308016

BACKGROUND: In rectal cancer patients undergoing abdominoperineal resection (APR), a gluteal turnover flap has been proposed to reduce perineal morbidity; however, its cost-effectiveness remains unclear. This multicentre randomized clinical trial evaluated the cost-effectiveness of perineal closure with a gluteal turnover flap compared with primary closure after APR for rectal cancer. METHODS: This secondary analysis of the BIOPEX-2 trial enrolled patients undergoing APR for rectal cancer at 19 hospitals (18 in the…

Nonavalent HPV vaccine to prevent recurrent anal or vulvar high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (VIVA trial): A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

International journal of cancer · 2026 · PMID 41685810

The nonavalent human papillomavirus (9vHPV) vaccine protects against HPV infection and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) when administered prior to exposure, but evidence supporting its potential therapeutic benefit has been inconsistent. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated whether the 9vHPV vaccine reduces recurrence of HSIL or HPV persistence in 27-69-year-old persons previously treated for anal or vulvar HSIL. Participants were HSIL-free at enrollment and received 9…