Colorectal Cancer

Consensus Guideline for the Management of Patients with Appendiceal Tumors, Part 2: Appendiceal Tumors with Peritoneal Involvement.

Annals of surgical oncology · 2026 · PMID 40560501

BACKGROUND: Appendiceal tumors comprise a heterogeneous group of tumors that frequently disseminate to the peritoneum. Management of appendiceal tumors is lacking high quality data given their rarity and heterogeneity. In general, appendiceal tumor treatment is extrapolated in part from colorectal cancer or pooled studies, without definitive evidence of disease-specific benefit. Many practices are controversial and vary widely between institutions. A national consensus update of best management practices for append…

ACG Clinical Guideline: Colonic Diverticulitis.

The American journal of gastroenterology · 2026 · PMID 42390126

Colonic diverticulitis is a common and costly disease, with a lifetime risk of 3%-5%, that drives substantial healthcare use. This guideline provides practical, evidence-based recommendations for the management of diverticulitis in the outpatient gastroenterology setting. Consultations should address diagnosis, typical clinical course, risk factors, the role of antibiotics, and prevention. Computed tomography imaging is essential to confirm the diagnosis of diverticulitis, particularly at the first presentation and…

Survival benefit of oral systemic monotherapy in previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis.

The oncologist · 2026 · PMID 42104118

BACKGROUND: Guideline-recommended nontargeted systemic therapies for previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) include regorafenib, trifluridine/tipiracil, and fruquintinib, but no consensus exists on the definition of clinically meaningful improvements for later-line mCRC treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Trials were identified from systematic searches in MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Meta-analyses were performed to characterize overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) i…

Consensus Guideline for the Management of Patients with Appendiceal Tumors, Part 1: Appendiceal Tumors Without Peritoneal Involvement.

Annals of surgical oncology · 2026 · PMID 40560498

BACKGROUND: Appendiceal tumors comprise a heterogeneous group of tumors that may be localized or disseminate throughout the peritoneum. Limited high quality clinical data exist and many practices have been extrapolated from colorectal cancer without validation in appendiceal cohorts. There are many controversies regarding the treatment of appendiceal tumors, and practices vary widely between centers and care settings. A national consensus update of best management practices for appendiceal malignancies was performe…

Executive summary of American Radium Society Appropriate Use Criteria for the treatment of locoregionally recurrent rectal cancer.

Cancer · 2026 · PMID 42246062

This literature-based systematic review and associated guidelines provide evidence-based paradigms for the management of locoregionally recurrent rectal cancer (LRRC). This multispecialty committee included gastrointestinal radiation and medical oncology, gastroenterology, radiology, and colorectal surgery. As is the standard, the previously described American Radium Society Appropriate Use Criteria methodology for this project was followed rigorously, with the Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, Timing,…

Blood-based cell-free DNA and multitarget stool RNA screening tests to detect colorectal cancer: A systematic review.

Cancer · 2026 · PMID 42200475

Two new tests, a cell-free DNA (cfDNA) blood-based test (BBT) and multitarget stool RNA (mt-sRNA) test with in-laboratory fecal immunochemical testing, were recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, and a second BBT is under review. These tests have the potential to overcome barriers to screening. This review evaluates the current evidence to better understand their utility for routine screening. The authors searched PubMed, other databases, and gray literature sources through March 30, 2026. Includ…

Adiposity and cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Nature metabolism · 2026 · PMID 42297908

Obesity is a major health challenge. Here we show that body mass index is positively associated with risk of 19 cancers and inversely associated with 3, based on a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies of 25 cancer types. We searched PubMed, EMBASE and Scopus through to 23 April 2025, identifying 226 articles comprising 1.5 million incident cancers. We identified positive associations for leukaemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, bladder cancer and glioma, not previously identified by major consensus re…

Clinical spotlight review: best practices for the management of colorectal cancer in the emergency and acute care setting.

Surgical endoscopy · 2026 · PMID 42209860

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality, and up to one-third of patients present with obstruction, perforation, or bleeding. Emergency presentation is associated with advanced stage, higher rates of open surgery and stoma formation, and worse survival. This review synthesizes current evidence and provides practical guidance for emergency and acute care management of CRC. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive search of MEDLINE and EMBASE for English-language studies from 2000 throu…

Prevalence of and risk factors for low anterior resection syndrome based on the international consensus definition: a multicenter cross-sectional observational study.

Surgery today · 2026 · PMID 41348318

PURPOSES: The symptoms of low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) are diverse, and its ambiguous definition has made estimating its prevalence difficult. In 2018, an international consensus proposed a new LARS definition based on eight symptoms and consequences. We conducted this study to evaluate the prevalence of LARS, using this new definition (LARS-ND), and to identify its risk factors. METHODS: This multicenter, cross-sectional study surveyed patients who underwent curative resection for rectal tumors between 2…

Quality of life assessment for colorectal cancer follow-up: A latent profile analysis of EORTC measures.

Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland · 2026 · PMID 42494069

AIM: To identify distinct health-related quality of life (HRQoL) profiles among colorectal cancer (CRC) patients using patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), with the aim of informing more personalised follow-up strategies. METHODS: Baseline HRQoL data from CRC patients enrolled in the FUTURE-primary study, a multicentre implementation study on home-based follow-up, were analysed. Patients completed the EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-CR29 questionnaires. Aggregated symptom and function scales were developed using factor…

Prior response to anti-VEGF agents predicts the efficacy of trifluridine/tipiracil plus bevacizumab in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

International journal of clinical oncology · 2026 · PMID 42062697

BACKGROUND: Trifluridine/Tipiracil (FTD/TPI) combined with bevacizumab (Bev) is a standard treatment for patients with unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) in later-line therapy. Despite the availability of other drugs like regorafenib and fruquintinib, there is no consensus on the optimal treatment choice or sequence for later-line therapies due to a lack of clearly defined prognostic indicators. This multicenter real-world analysis aimed to identify predictive factors related to the effectiveness of F…

Root-Cause Analysis of Post-Endoscopy Esophageal Neoplasia in a Multicenter Prospective Barrett's Esophagus/Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Registry.

Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2026 · PMID 41115582

Endoscopic surveillance is pivotal for the detection of dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus (BE), the only known precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). However, the effectiveness of endoscopic surveillance remains suboptimal. Similar to post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC), post-endoscopy esophageal neoplasia (PEEN) is a potential explanation for this reduced effectiveness.1 PEEN is defined as BE-related high-grade dysplasia (HGD) or EAC detected before the next recommended surveillance endoscopy after a …

Image-based consensus molecular subtypes and colon cancer recurrence: Understanding the impact of lifestyle factors across subtypes of colon cancer.

Cancer epidemiology · 2026 · PMID 42242067

AIM: We investigated associations between consensus molecular subtype (CMS) and colon cancer recurrence, and explored how the inflammatory potential of diet and lifestyle relate to recurrence across CMS subgroups. METHODS: A nested case-control study was implemented in two prospective cohorts of colon cancer patients. Cases were patients with recurrence (n = 167), and controls (n = 668) were matched using incidence density sampling. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumour tissue was used to determine image-based CM…

Analysis of the national situation of right hemicolectomy with complete mesocolic excision in ascending and proximal traverse colon cancer.

Cirugia espanola · 2026 · PMID 41861988

INTRODUCTION: Complete mesocolic excision (CME) has been associated in some series with lower local recurrence and improvements in selected oncological outcomes in colon cancer, based on preservation of mesocolic integrity and central vascular ligation. In contrast, D3 lymphadenectomy (D3-LND) involves resection of lymphoadipose tissue adjacent to the superior mesenteric vein. Although both concepts coexist, they are not equivalent, which hampers outcome comparison and contributes to heterogeneity in clinical pract…

A multinational pilot survey of clinical practice patterns in tumor-specific mesocolic excision and complete lymph node dissection for colorectal cancer.

International journal of clinical oncology · 2026 · PMID 41870762

BACKGROUND: Uncertainties persist regarding the allocation of apical lymph nodes in colorectal cancer, the approaches to lymph node dissection and mesocolic excision, which may contribute to inconsistent surgical practices. The aim of this study is to assess surgeons' practices in lymph node dissection and mesocolic excision approaches and to identify areas lacking standardization. METHODS: A multinational pilot survey of 22 colorectal surgeons from 6 countries was conducted during the FICARE colorectal meeting. Th…

Consensus Guideline for the Management of Colorectal Cancer with Peritoneal Metastases.

Annals of surgical oncology · 2026 · PMID 40560497

BACKGROUND: The peritoneum is a common site of metastases from colorectal cancer (CRC), yet controversy exists regarding optimal treatment strategies. These guidelines describe the results of a national consensus addressing the management of CRC with peritoneal metastases (CRC-PM). METHODS: An update of the 2018 Chicago Consensus Guidelines was conducted using a modified Delphi technique. Two rounds of voting were performed to assess agreement levels on two clinical management pathways regarding synchronous and met…

Association of symptom complexes with consequence severity in low anterior resection syndrome after intersphincteric resection for ultralow rectal cancer: an exploratory cross-sectional study.

Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract · 2026 · PMID 41967598

BACKGROUND: The international consensus delineates 8 symptom complexes and 8 consequences for defining low anterior resection syndrome (LARS). This exploratory cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the differential associations between symptom complexes and consequence severity after intersphincteric resection (ISR) for ultralow rectal cancer. METHODS: Patients were enrolled ≥12 months after diverting ileostomy reversal after ISR. The severity of the consensus-defined LARS variables was assessed using a 5-point L…

Development and validation of a stromal myeloid-fibrotic index and a tumor-intrinsic immune evasion index for molecular stratification in colorectal cancer.

Functional & integrative genomics · 2026 · PMID 42479225

Immune checkpoint blockade has limited efficacy in microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer, where immune resistance may reflect stromal remodeling, tumor-intrinsic immune evasion, or both. Bulk classifications such as the Consensus Molecular Subtypes can mix these mechanisms into discrete labels. We developed two continuous indices computable from bulk data, a stromal myeloid fibrotic index (SMI) based on TGFβ signaling and an SPP1+ macrophage program, and a residualized immune evasion index (IEI_resid) combining C…

Total neoadjuvant therapy with dose-escalated radiotherapy for organ preservation in locally advanced rectal cancer: real-world outcomes.

Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al] · 2026 · PMID 42012681

PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) in locally advanced rectal cancer, focusing on its impact on compliance, tumor downstaging, and organ preservation when combined with watch-and-wait (W&W) protocols and to assess whether radiotherapy dose escalation may increase clinical complete response (cCR) rates. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 135 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer treated with TNT and radiotherapy dose escalation (57.5 Gy to the tumor and nodes in 23 fractions) b…

Contrast-enhanced vs T2-weighted MRI for mesorectal nodal staging in rectal cancer.

European radiology · 2026 · PMID 41999401

OBJECTIVES: To compare the diagnostic performance of the "Avocado Sign", a contrast-enhanced MRI feature, with T2-weighted morphological criteria for predicting mesorectal lymph node involvement in rectal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective single-centre study included 120 consecutive patients with histopathologically confirmed rectal cancer who underwent 3-T pelvic MRI between January 2020 and May 2025. Two blinded abdominal radiologists independently assessed the Avocado Sign on fat-suppressed contr…

Automated model-based lesion tracking in CT: colorectal liver metastases as a use case for development and performance analysis.

European radiology experimental · 2026 · PMID 42446777

OBJECTIVE: To develop and evaluate an automated CT liver lesion-tracking algorithm that matches lesions over time, detects new metastases, and reports per‑lesion confidence to support response assessment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 87 adults with unresectable colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) who had baseline and 8-week follow-up contrast-enhanced CT. Three radiologists generated a consensus reference. We developed a machine learning-driven, automated model-based lesion tracking (Auto-MBT) that prov…

FDG PET/MRI for evaluation of nodal mesorectal structures in rectal cancer: A matched comparison to histopathology.

European journal of radiology · 2026 · PMID 41880681

OBJECTIVES: FDG PET/MRI is a promising imaging modality for nodal staging in rectal cancer; however, its role remains to be defined. We aimed to assess its performance in detecting mesorectal malignant lymph node involvement based on both metabolic and morphological criteria at PET/MRI versus at MRI alone. MATERIALS & METHODS: Sixty-five patients (median age 70 years, IQR 61-74; 39 men) were examined with FDG PET/MRI followed by individual anatomical matching of mesorectal nodal structures between histopathology an…

Enteroblastic and Hepatoid Colorectal Carcinomas are Aggressive Cancers With a Distinctive Immunophenotype, While Clear Cell Carcinoma Appears to Represent Clear Cell Change in Conventional Colorectal Cancer.

The American journal of surgical pathology · 2026 · PMID 42012857

Enteroblastic, hepatoid, and clear cell carcinomas are rare subtypes of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) with histologic and immunohistochemical (IHC) overlap. We assessed 37 CRCs that possibly represent these subtypes. Provisional criteria for each subtype, along with case photomicrographs and IHC data, were circulated among the authors to provide diagnostic interpretations. Based on plurality consensus, the carcinomas were classified as enteroblastic (n=13), hepatoid (n=6), and clear cell (n=18). Unanimous agreement wa…

Total neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer in Spain: results from a national patterns-of-care survey by the SEOR-GI Group.

Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026 · PMID 41781630

PURPOSE: To assess clinical practice patterns, technological availability, and national consensus in the management of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) in radiation oncology departments across Spain following the implementation of total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT). METHODS: We designed a national survey and addressed it to radiation oncologists members of the Gastrointestinal Tumors Group of the Spanish Society of Radiation Oncology (SEOR-GI). The anonymous questionnaire included 30 items covering TNT regimens, …

Consensus-Based Minimum Requirements for the Adoption of a Computational Pathology Algorithm for Tumor Budding in Colorectal Cancer: An Early Health Technology Assessment.

JCO clinical cancer informatics · 2026 · PMID 42536993

PURPOSE: Tumor budding (TB) is an independent prognostic biomarker for colorectal cancer (CRC), yet its clinical adoption is limited by labor-intensive and subjective visual scoring. Computational pathology (CPath) algorithms using deep learning offer potential to improve efficiency and reproducibility. Using an international Delphi study, we established consensus requirements to guide validation and clinical adoption of CPath algorithms, aiming to enhance diagnostic accuracy and patient care. METHODS: A two-round …

The Impact of Early Versus Delayed Chemotherapy on Survival in Patients with Colorectal Cancer after Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2026 · PMID 42538503

OBJECTIVE: This study systematically evaluates the impact of the initiation time of postoperative chemotherapy on overall survival (OS) in patients with colorectal cancer, providing evidence to guide clinical decisions on chemotherapy timing. METHODS: Following PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched up to February 2025. Cohort studies comparing early versus delayed postoperative chemotherapy were included. Two researchers independently perf…

Adolescent obesity and risk of serious chronic morbidity and mortality in young adulthood: a systematic review of cohorts from national registries.

Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026 · PMID 42237280

BACKGROUND: The rising prevalence of adolescent obesity necessitates a precise understanding of its corresponding risks for severe chronic morbidity and premature mortality during young adulthood and midlife. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of nationwide longitudinal cohort studies, using validated national registries, aimed at assessing the short- and long-term risk of morbidity and mortality associated with adolescent overweight and obesity. RESULTS: We included 38 studies in this systematic review. Ado…

A Lack of Association between Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms with Colorectal Cancer: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis and Power Assessment.

Critical reviews in eukaryotic gene expression · 2026 · PMID 41824933

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major global health burden, and genetic factors such as vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms have been implicated in its pathogenesis. However, the translational relevance of these variants in clinical risk stratification remains unclear. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of case-control studies assessing the association between four common VDR single-nucleotide polymorphisms (Fok1, Apa1, Bsm1, and Taq1) and CRC risk, integrating data from PubMed, Em…

Diagnostic accuracy of computer-aided detection for colorectal polyps of any size, ≤ 5 mm, and 6-9 mm: a meta-analysis.

World journal of surgical oncology · 2026 · PMID 42533341

BACKGROUND: Although computer-aided detection (CAD) is often used for medical diagnostic purposes, its diagnostic effectiveness in colorectal polyps (CPs) remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the diagnostic accuracy of CAD in diagnosing CPs, and provide a specific theoretical basis for clinical practice. METHODS: From database creation to August 1st 2024, we conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, Wanfang, Cochrane Library, and the China National Knowledge Infrastruct…

Mapping the evolution and impact of microfluidic technology research on cancer diagnosis: A comprehensive bibliometric analysis from 2015 to 2024.

Medicine · 2026 · PMID 42536556

BACKGROUND: To explore the research trends of microfluidic technology for cancer diagnosis from 2015 to 2024 using bibliometric and visualization methods (not a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-compliant systematic review), and provide references for subsequent scientific research. METHODS: Relevant literatures were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection, and analyzed using tools such as Origin 2018, R software, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace. The cooperation network, co - cit…

The role of probiotics in modulating complications and intestinal barrier integrity after colorectal cancer surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.

Gastroenterology and hepatology from bed to bench · 2026 · PMID 42535221

AIM: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the impact of probiotics on postoperative complications and intestinal barrier integrity markers in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) undergoing surgery. BACKGROUND: Postoperative complications pose a substantial challenge in CRC. Probiotics have been shown to alleviate these complications through various mechanisms, including improving intestinal barrier integrity. METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, Web of …

Artificial intelligence-assisted detection and optical differentiation of colorectal lesions in Lynch syndrome surveillance (CADLY2): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled superiority trial.

The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026 · PMID 42462747

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI)-based computer-aided detection (CADe) systems improve adenoma detection in average-risk colorectal cancer screening. Meanwhile, evidence in Lynch syndrome surveillance is sparse and inconsistent. We assessed the effect of CADe on adenoma detection during Lynch syndrome surveillance. Computer-aided optical diagnosis (CADx) performance for optical differentiation of colorectal lesions was evaluated as a secondary aim. METHODS: CADLY2 was an international, multicentre, open-lab…

Pooled analysis of 2 clinical trials of first-line chemoimmunotherapy for metastatic microsatellite stable colorectal cancer MEDITREME and METIMMOX studies.

Oncoimmunology · 2026 · PMID 42322272

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer with microsatellite stable (MSS) status is intrinsically resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy targeting PD-1 or PD-L1. However, emerging evidence suggests that chemotherapies may overcome this resistance when combined with immunotherapy. METHODS: We conducted a pooled analysis of individual patient data from two phase II trials evaluating oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy combined with checkpoint inhibitors as first-line treatment for MSS metastatic colorectal cancer. The …

Impact of offering blood-based testing alongside existing modalities for colorectal cancer screening among those who previously declined screening: an economic evaluation.

Journal of medical economics · 2026 · PMID 41764032

AIM: Inadequate adherence to colorectal cancer screening reduces individual and population level health benefits. Blood-based tests offer a new modality that may help patients overcome barriers, but there are concerns about the impact of patients switching from existing guideline-recommended screening modalities. This study estimates the population health outcomes and cost-effectiveness of offering blood-based testing using a validated individual-level simulation model based on patient preference evidence from rand…

Gastroenterology/Hepatology: What You May Have Missed in 2025.

Annals of internal medicine · 2026 · PMID 41974014

During 2025, gastroenterology and hepatology experienced advances in treatment and surveillance of common diseases. Technological innovations have been reported that may positively affect patients worldwide. New drug options for treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis are emerging, and old drugs have new indications and patterns of use for common gastroenterologic diseases. The 9 articles featured here were selected because they represent important information for clinicians who are not gastro…

Differences in Ambulatory Care Outcomes Between Trainees and Faculty: A Multi-center Study.

Journal of general internal medicine · 2025 · PMID 40461739

BACKGROUND: Academic medical centers (AMCs) provide the nation's most complex care, with no differences in performance between trainees and faculty for inpatient outcomes. Single-center analyses demonstrated low performance on ambulatory outcomes among residents vs. faculty. OBJECTIVE: Determine whether resident-faculty ambulatory care performance disparities are a national problem, understand contributing factors present in AMCs. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study, survey-based study PARTICIPANTS: A total of 146,9…

Prognostic Value of the Cancer Inflammation Prognostic Index (CIPI) in De Novo Metastatic Colon Cancer: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.

Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer Center · 2026 · PMID 41779425

IntroductionThe Cancer Inflammation Prognostic Index (CIPI) is a composite biomarker that integrates carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts to reflect both tumor burden and systemic inflammation. Although CIPI has demonstrated prognostic value in early-stage and previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer, its role in untreated, de novo metastatic colon cancer remains unclear.MethodsThis multicenter, retrospective cohort study included 287 patients diagnosed with de novo metastatic co…

User perceptions of machine learning models as decision support for colorectal cancer multidisciplinary team conferences (AID-SIM-2): a qualitative simulation study.

Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden) · 2026 · PMID 42535303

BACKGROUND: Multidisciplinary team (MDT) conferences are considered a cornerstone of decision-making in cancer diagnostics and care. However, the current literature has not demonstrated improved patient outcomes based on the decisions of the MDT conferences. AIM: We aimed to evaluate how four different decision-support modalities impacted the decision-making process and the internal discussions in the MDTs in a multicenter simulation study, with a focus on user perceptions. METHODS: Four colorectal cancer centers w…

CT Staging of Colon Cancer: Reproducibility and Pathology Association in a Multicenter Study.

Academic radiology · 2026 · PMID 41765703

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To assess interobserver agreement of computed tomography (CT) features in colon cancer, their association with pathological staging, and the influence of baseline characteristics on clinical-pathological agreement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT scans of patients with locally advanced colon cancer treated between 2011 and 2020 at two Dutch hospitals were analyzed. Eleven radiologists independently reviewed the scans in pairs using a structured template. Interobserver agreement was evaluated usi…

Clinical value of wide-angle colonoscopy combined with narrow-band imaging in detecting sessile serrated lesions during colorectal cancer screening: A single-center retrospective observational study.

Medicine · 2026 · PMID 42432949

Sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) represent a clinically significant challenge in colorectal cancer screening due to their flat morphology and association with interval cancers. Advanced endoscopic techniques such as wide-angle colonoscopy (WAC) and narrow-band imaging (NBI) may enhance detection rates of SLs, but evidence regarding their combined efficacy remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of WAC combined with NBI in detecting SSLs compared to NBI alone and standard white-light endoscopy…

Colorectal cancer screening awareness among rural populations in Northern China.

BMC public health · 2026 · PMID 42522007

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with incidence steadily increasing in China. Early detection through screening significantly reduces morbidity and mortality. However, awareness and participation remain inadequate, especially in rural populations, who account for nearly 39% of China's total population. Understanding awareness levels and associated factors is essential for developing targeted interventions. METHODS: A population-based cluste…

Lower Preoperative Skeletal Muscle Index in Patients with Pathological T4 Colorectal Cancer: An Exploratory Retrospective Cohort Study.

Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026 · PMID 42506325

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Low skeletal muscle index (SMI) has been linked to adverse outcomes in colorectal cancer, but its association with local pathological tumor extent is less clear. This study examined whether preoperative CT-derived SMI was associated with pathological T4 disease in patients undergoing colorectal cancer resection. METHODS: This retrospective single-center observational study included 147 consecutive adults who underwent colorectal resection for histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma between Ja…

Systemic Inflammatory Biomarkers as Prognostic Indicators in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Retrospective Study.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026 · PMID 42512802

Background and Objectives: Systemic inflammatory biomarkers have emerged as potential prognostic indicators in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, the prognostic robustness of inflammatory indices such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), C-reactive protein (CRP), C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR), and Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) remains incompletely characterized. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of NLR, PLR, CRP, CAR, and …

Real‑World Experience of Circulating Tumor DNA Testing in Extended Pelvic Exenteration: A Chinese Single‑Institution Observational Study.

Journal of surgical oncology · 2026 · PMID 42226565

BACKGROUND: Extended pelvic exenteration (EPE) is a key therapeutic strategy for locally advanced or recurrent rectal cancer. However, conventional postoperative assessments-including histopathology, serum tumor markers, and standard imaging-are limited by low sensitivity and a considerable temporal lag in detecting residual disease. Detection of molecular residual disease (MRD) via circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) may provide a reliable biomarker to enable more precise postoperative management following EPE. This stu…

US women screen at low rates for both cervical and colorectal cancers than a single cancer: a cross-sectional population-based observational study.

eLife · 2022 · PMID 35762572

BACKGROUND: Using screen counts, women 50-64 years old have lower cancer screening rates for cervical and colorectal cancers (CRC) than all other age ranges. This paper aims to present woman-centric cervical cancer and CRC screenings to determine the predictor of being up-to-date for both. METHODS: We used the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), an annual survey to guide health policy in the United States, to explore the up-to-date status of dual cervical cancer and CRC screening for women 50-64 yea…

Deep learning based on CD3 histological slides for prediction of colon cancer outcome: analysis of three international stage III colon cancer cohorts.

Oncoimmunology · 2026 · PMID 42100890

Prognostic stratification in stage III colon cancer remains poor, despite treatment advances. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, particularly CD3+ T cells, are potential prognostic markers, but manual assessment is labor-intensive and not robust. This study aimed to develop a deep learning model for automated analysis of CD3-stained histological slides to improve prognostic prediction. A total of 1737 patients from three international cohorts (PETACC08, PRODIGE-13, and HARMONY) were analyzed. The deep learning model (…

Cost-effectiveness of multitarget stool DNA testing for colorectal cancer screening in Chinese primary healthcare settings: a modelling study.

Journal of medical economics · 2026 · PMID 42339709

AIM: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a one-time mt-sDNA-based colorectal cancer screening program compared with no screening, using real-world data from a government-led population-based screening program in Harbin Municipality of China. METHODS: This modelling study was based on a real-world mt-sDNA CRC screening program in Chinese primary healthcare settings. The program targeted residents aged 45-64 years without a prior history of CRC. A decision analytic model was developed from the healthcare system per…

Retinal Vascular Features and Risk of Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026 · PMID 42380715

INTRODUCTION: Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening remains limited by invasiveness and suboptimal sensitivity of current methods. Retinal microvasculature, a noninvasive window into systemic vascular health, may reflect CRC-associated angiogenesis and inflammation. We investigated whether artificial intelligence (AI)-derived retinal vascular features (RVFs) are associated with CRC risk and prognosis. METHODS: This analysis included UK Biobank participants with baseline fundus imaging. Multidimensional RVFs, including …

Healthcare seeking with colorectal cancer symptoms-results from two Danish population-based surveys in 2012 and 2022.

Scandinavian journal of primary health care · 2026 · PMID 41052213

BACKGROUND: Timely healthcare seeking with colorectal cancer (CRC) symptoms is crucial for treatment options. This study aims to 1. compare CRC symptom reporting and contact to the general practitioner (GP) in the Danish population in 2012 and 2022, 2. analyze the associations between sex, age and GP contact in 2012 and 2022, and 3. explore considerations about GP contact in 2022. METHODS: Nationwide surveys on symptoms and GP contact in 2012 and 2022 with 100,000 randomly selected adults invited in each. Four CRC …

Anatomical Location Is Associated with Clinicopathological Features and Long-Term Oncological Outcomes in Mucinous Colorectal Adenocarcinoma: A Population-Based Analysis of 40,698 Patients from the SEER Database.

Journal of clinical medicine · 2026 · PMID 42513500

Background: Mucinous adenocarcinoma (MAC) of the colorectum is a biologically distinct histological subtype whose prognostic significance may vary substantially according to primary tumor location. The impact of anatomical site on clinicopathological characteristics and long-term survival in MAC remains incompletely characterized. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of tumor location on oncological outcomes in patients with mucinous colorectal cancer using a large population-based dataset. Methods: Patients …

A comparison of overall survival from early-onset and late-onset colorectal cancer stratified by TNM stage: a systematic review.

British journal of cancer · 2026 · PMID 42082649

BACKGROUND: There is conflicting evidence whether survival outcomes are better for early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) or late-onset (LO) CRC. This review aimed to determine overall survival (OS) differences between EOCRC and LOCRC stratified by TNM stage. METHODS: EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE and Cochrane Library were searched using approved search terms for CRC, survival outcomes and early onset disease. Studies which compared OS between early- and late-onset CRC, irrespective of age cut-off, stratified by TNM stage, w…

ACG Clinical Guideline: Colonic Diverticulitis.

The American journal of gastroenterology · 2026 · PMID 42390126

Colonic diverticulitis is a common and costly disease, with a lifetime risk of 3%-5%, that drives substantial healthcare use. This guideline provides practical, evidence-based recommendations for the management of diverticulitis in the outpatient gastroenterology setting. Consultations should address diagnosis, typical clinical course, risk factors, the role of antibiotics, and prevention. Computed tomography imaging is essential to confirm the diagnosis of diverticulitis, particularly at the first presentation and…

The Impact of Early Versus Delayed Chemotherapy on Survival in Patients with Colorectal Cancer after Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2026 · PMID 42538503

OBJECTIVE: This study systematically evaluates the impact of the initiation time of postoperative chemotherapy on overall survival (OS) in patients with colorectal cancer, providing evidence to guide clinical decisions on chemotherapy timing. METHODS: Following PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched up to February 2025. Cohort studies comparing early versus delayed postoperative chemotherapy were included. Two researchers independently perf…

Gut microbiota-associated predictors as biomarkers of neoadjuvant treatment response in rectal cancer-a systematic review.

British journal of cancer · 2026 · PMID 41975041

BACKGROUND: The gut microbiome is increasingly recognized as a modulator of cancer therapy outcomes and a potential predictive biomarker. This systematic review synthesizes current evidence on microbial biomarkers associated with neoadjuvant treatment (NT) response in rectal cancer (RC). METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and Ovid Medline databases were searched through March 2025. Eligible studies included RC patients treated with NT with baseline microbial analysis stratified by treatment response. Two reviewers independen…

Risk of lymph-node metastasis in early onset T1 colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal of gastroenterology · 2026 · PMID 42371097

BACKGROUND: Despite the increasing incidence of early onset T1 colorectal cancer (T1 CRC), its features remain poorly understood. We examined whether early onset T1 CRC is associated with a higher rate of lymph-node metastasis (LNM). METHODS: We included studies reporting age-specific LNM rates for patients aged < 50 and ≥ 50 years. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the impact of overlapping and selected subset datasets. Subgroup analyses were conducted to evaluate the association between clinicopatholo…

Surgery for bilobar colorectal liver metastasis: from staged resections to liver transplantation. A systematic review of the outcomes of the different strategies.

Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract · 2026 · PMID 41999909

BACKGROUND: The management of multiple bilobar colorectal liver metastases (BCRLMs) continues to evolve, and the optimal strategy remains controversial. This was a systematic review that analyzed the outcomes of different surgical strategies for BCRLMs. METHODS: A systematic literature search that included MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and registered in the International Prospective Register of S…

Diagnostic yield and usefulness of terminal ileal intubation in asymptomatic patients undergoing colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening or postpolypectomy surveillance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Gastrointestinal endoscopy · 2026 · PMID 41833622

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The role of routine terminal ileal intubation (TII) in asymptomatic patients undergoing colonoscopy for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening or postpolypectomy surveillance is debated. Although considered a quality indicator in some settings, its clinical utility in this population remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the diagnostic yield, clinical utility, and procedural impact of routine TII in patients undergoing CRC screening or postpolypectomy surveillan…

The prevalence of nonmalignant gastrointestinal disease in patients with iron deficiency anemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026 · PMID 41784434

OBJECTIVE: Gastrointestinal pathology is a major cause of iron deficiency anemia (IDA). While previous studies have focused on establishing the prevalence of malignant gastrointestinal disease, the prevalence of nonmalignant gastrointestinal disease in patients with IDA has not been analyzed systematically. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of normal findings, individual nonmalignant findings, and malignancy in patients with IDA. METHODS: We searched Medline, Embase, and…

Tumour-Associated Neutrophils in Colorectal Cancer: a Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Comprehensive Literature Review.

Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2026 · PMID 42418102

PURPOSE: Neutrophils are at the forefront of innate immune response. The prognostic impact of tumour-associated neutrophils (TANs) remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic role of TANs in colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Scopus to identify studies correlating TANs with time-to-event survival analysis in patients with stages I-IV CRC from the date of inception until April 2024. Articles were included if they involved …

Meta-analysis reveals microbiome signatures for colorectal cancer that are universal across age groups and sequencing methods.

Cell host & microbe · 2026 · PMID 42341762

Numerous studies have linked gut microbiome alterations to colorectal cancer (CRC), but limited sample sizes and study heterogeneity have hampered cross-study comparisons and subgroup analyses. Here, we present a comprehensive single-disease gut microbiome meta-analysis based on consistently re-computed and re-analyzed shotgun and amplicon sequencing profiles (n = 6,779 samples, 27 studies). Association and machine-learning analyses delineate CRC microbiome signatures, which are robustly generalizable across studie…

Hand-foot skin reaction as a positive prognostic factor in vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment.

British journal of pharmacology · 2026 · PMID 41967859

Hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR) is a common adverse effect of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGFR-TKIs), but its prognostic value remained disputable. In this study, we aimed to assess the association between HFSR and survival outcomes in cancer patients receiving VEGFR-TKIs. MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception to 29 June 2025. Two authors independently selected cohort studies, extracted data and appraised the r…

Incidence and outcomes of metachronous peritoneal metastasis in the setting of obstructing colon cancer: a systematic review.

European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology · 2026 · PMID 42335798

BACKGROUND: Colorectal peritoneal metastases are challenging to diagnose and confer a poorer prognosis than disease recurrence at other sites. Obstruction at presentation in colonic carcinoma is associated with worse survival outcomes. There is little data on its specific influence on the incidence of peritoneal recurrence, including by the varying strategies employed to address the obstruction. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was performed to investigate rates of peritoneal recurrence in obstructing…

Comparison of Functional Outcomes Between Robotic and Laparoscopic Surgery in Rectal Cancer Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Journal of investigative surgery : the official journal of the Academy of Surgical Research · 2026 · PMID 42037577

BACKGROUND: Robotic and laparoscopic approaches are widely used for rectal cancer surgery. Although robotic systems provide enhanced visualization and dexterity, it remains unclear whether these advantages improve postoperative urinary and sexual function. METHODS: MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and CENTRAL (2000-2025) were searched for studies comparing robotic and laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery. Outcomes included postoperative ileus, urinary retention, and urinary and sexual function. Random-effects meta-an…

Robotic-assisted versus standard laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer in obese patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Computer assisted surgery (Abingdon, England) · 2026 · PMID 41454717

Colorectal cancer represents a major global health concern and obesity adds complicates its surgical management. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the comparative effectiveness and safety of robotic-assisted surgery and standard laparoscopic surgery in obese colorectal cancer patients. A comprehensive literature search performed across databases from inception to April 2024. Pooled estimates included hospital stay duration, drainage tube removal time, first ventilation time, complication rates, re-admission rate…

Global prevalence and moderating factors of malnutrition in colorectal cancer survivors: A meta-analysis.

Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2026 · PMID 39878855

PURPOSE: This meta-analysis aims to estimate the global prevalence of severe, moderate, overall malnutrition and moderating factors of malnutrition in colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors. METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted in Embase, CINAHL, Medline-OVID, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception to February 8, 2024, without language, region, or publication date restrictions. A generalized linear mixed model and random-effects model were used to examine the pooled prevalence, and moderator analyses…

BRAF-targeted therapy in non-melanomatous BRAF-mutant tumours: a systematic review of broad but histology-modulated efficacy.

International journal of clinical oncology · 2026 · PMID 42277540

BACKGROUND: Tumour agnostic therapies represent a paradigm shift in oncology. BRAF inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy in melanoma. However, their role in non-melanomatous cancers was originally contentious. This systematic review aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of BRAF-targeted therapies, both as monotherapy and in combination with other targeted therapies, in BRAF-mutated, non-melanomatous tumours. METHODS: A systematic search of MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane CENTRAL was conducted from January 2…

Utility of Pelvic Peritoneum Closure After Minimally Invasive Low Anterior Resections for Rectal Cancer. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Journal of laparoendoscopic & advanced surgical techniques. Part A · 2026 · PMID 42011690

BACKGROUND: Anastomotic leakage (AL) after low anterior resection (LAR) remains a major determinant of postoperative morbidity, largely driven by the severity of its downstream consequences. Pelvic peritoneum closure (PC) has been proposed as an anatomy-based maneuver to restore pelvic compartmentalization after LAR, but its clinical impact has not been systematically quantified. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to a prespecified PROSPERO protocol and the Preferred Reporting I…

Systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis comparing multiple anastomotic techniques after total mesorectal excision in rectal cancer.

European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology · 2026 · PMID 42330709

BACKGROUND: Although several studies have performed pairwise comparisons of individual anastomotic techniques after total mesorectal excision (TME) for rectal cancer, there is a lack of comprehensive analyses, which simultaneously evaluate multiple techniques. This study aims to perform a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis to compare the various anastomotic methods used after TME. METHODS: This systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis included both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) a…

A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis and Review of Intraoperative Radiotherapy in Colorectal Cancer: Examining Radiation Dosage, Long-Term Prognosis, and Treatment-Related Complications.

Cancer medicine · 2026 · PMID 42522172

BACKGROUND: The effect of device type and radiation dose in intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) for colorectal cancer is not well established. To explore this, we reviewed studies reporting postoperative complications, disease-free survival, local control, and long-term survival in patients treated with non-implantable IORT techniques-IOERT, KV-IORT, and HDR-IORT. Most of the available evidence relates to IOERT or HDR-IORT, which is usually delivered at 15 Gy (range 10-20 Gy). The median dose for KV-IORT is typicall…

Total neoadjuvant therapy versus standard neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of long-term outcomes.

Surgical oncology · 2026 · PMID 42378863

BACKGROUND: Total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) is increasingly used for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), but most evidence is based on short- or intermediate-term follow-up. We evaluated whether TNT improves long-term disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), pathological complete response (pCR), locoregional recurrence (LR), and distant metastasis (DM) compared with standard neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). PATIENTS AND METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Tria…

Body Image Following Ostomy Surgery for Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Psycho-oncology · 2026 · PMID 42400471

BACKGROUND: Ostomy surgery, often required in the treatment of colorectal, bladder, prostate and gynaecological cancers, has profound effects on body image and psychosocial well-being. While previous reviews have examined body image in colorectal cancer patients, no synthesis to date, to our knowledge, has focused on body image across cancer-related ostomy populations. METHODS: A systematic review methodology was employed, following PRISMA guidelines. Four databases (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Web of Science) w…

Complete Mesocolic Excision Versus D2 Lymphadenectomy for Right Colon Cancer: A Bayesian Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials Assessing Surgical and Perioperative Outcomes.

Journal of laparoendoscopic & advanced surgical techniques. Part A · 2026 · PMID 41841469

INTRODUCTION: Complete mesocolic excision (CME) may increase lymph node retrieval and provide a more complete oncologic excision compared with D2 dissection, although its perioperative safety remains uncertain. This systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis compared clinical and operative outcomes between CME and D2 in right colectomy. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central were searched through November 2025. Randomized controlled trials comparing CME with D2 were included. Frequentist analyses used rand…

Single-stapling versus double-stapling technique for rectal anastomosis-meta-analysis.

BJS open · 2026 · PMID 42398078

INTRODUCTION: The single-stapling technique (SST) is an alternative to the conventional double-stapling technique (DST), particularly in low rectal surgery. This systematic review and meta-analysis compared anastomotic leak (AL) between SST and DST. METHODS: A systematic review of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar®, and Scopus databases was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines from inception through December 2025. The primary outcome of interest was AL. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to compare …

Salvage abdominoperineal resection for anal squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis of proportions.

Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland · 2026 · PMID 42439211

AIM: Salvage abdominoperineal resection (APR) remains the standard treatment for patients with persistent or recurrent anal squamous cell carcinoma after chemoradiotherapy (CRT). This study aimed to evaluate the perioperative and oncological outcomes of salvage abdominoperineal resection. METHODS: A systematic review of observational studies including adult patients with persistent or recurrent anal squamous cell carcinoma undergoing salvage APR after failure of CRT was conducted using PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane t…

First-Line Immunotherapy Versus Chemotherapy in MSI-H/dMMR Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Phase III Studies.

Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2026 · PMID 42474934

BACKGROUND: Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) with microsatellite instability-high or mismatch repair deficiency (MSI-H/dMMR) demonstrates limited responsiveness to conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy but increased susceptibility to immune checkpoint inhibition. Although randomized phase III trials have shown superiority of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the first-line setting, a comprehensive synthesis of survival outcomes across key molecular and clinical subgroups remains warranted. METHODS: We conduct…

Serum uric acid and the risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis.

European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation (ECP) · 2024 · PMID 37669167

BACKGROUND: A meta-analysis was performed in this study to evaluate the association between serum uric acid and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: Relevant observational studies observing the relationship between uric acid and the incidence of CRC were obtained by the search of electronic databases, including Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science . A randomized-effects model was selected to pool the data by incorporating the influence of potential heterogeneity. RESULTS: Eight observationa…

Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Gastrointestinal Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The American journal of gastroenterology · 2024 · PMID 38832708

INTRODUCTION: Ultra-processed food (UPF) intake has been associated with a higher risk of obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. The initial data on the relationship between UPF consumption and cancer risk were derived from retrospective observational studies with conflicting results. This systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies aimed to investigate the association between UPF consumption and gastrointestinal cancer risk. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane …

Prognosis of early-onset versus late-onset sporadic colorectal cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) · 2025 · PMID 39681013

BACKGROUND: In the last years, a dramatic increase in colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnoses in early-onset (EO) patients has been observed. The prognosis of EO-CRC compared to late-onset (LO) patients is still unclear. This meta-analysis aims to clarify whether there is any difference in the prognosis between the two groups. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted on EMBASE-Medline, Pubmed and Cochrane Library in March 2024 to identify studies comparing overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), disease-…

The Impact of Early Versus Delayed Chemotherapy on Survival in Patients with Colorectal Cancer after Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2026 · PMID 42538503

OBJECTIVE: This study systematically evaluates the impact of the initiation time of postoperative chemotherapy on overall survival (OS) in patients with colorectal cancer, providing evidence to guide clinical decisions on chemotherapy timing. METHODS: Following PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched up to February 2025. Cohort studies comparing early versus delayed postoperative chemotherapy were included. Two researchers independently perf…

Application of radiomics for preoperative prediction of lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2024 · PMID 38935817

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) stands as the third most prevalent cancer globally, projecting 3.2 million new cases and 1.6 million deaths by 2040. Accurate lymph node metastasis (LNM) detection is critical for determining optimal surgical approaches, including preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery, which significantly influence CRC prognosis. However, conventional imaging lacks adequate precision, prompting exploration into radiomics, which addresses this shortfall by converting medical image…

Network meta-analysis of RTCs for efficacy of neoadjuvant treatment in rectal cancer.

European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology · 2025 · PMID 40233522

BACKGROUND: This network meta-analysis examined the efficacy of different types of neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) for rectal cancer in improving clinical and pathologic outcomes. METHODS: PRISMA-compliant systematic review of PubMed and Scopus including only randomized clinical trials comparing two or more NAT regimens for rectal cancer. A network meta-analysis was undertaken for the main outcomes, including pathological complete response (pCR), disease downstaging, R0 resection, permanent stoma, and major adverse effec…

Hand-foot skin reaction as a positive prognostic factor in vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment.

British journal of pharmacology · 2026 · PMID 41967859

Hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR) is a common adverse effect of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGFR-TKIs), but its prognostic value remained disputable. In this study, we aimed to assess the association between HFSR and survival outcomes in cancer patients receiving VEGFR-TKIs. MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception to 29 June 2025. Two authors independently selected cohort studies, extracted data and appraised the r…

Contact X-ray brachytherapy in rectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology · 2025 · PMID 40174334

Rectal cancer is a highly prevalent disease. Evidence presented in the 2025 phase-III OPERA randomised trial suggests that Contact X-ray Brachytherapy (CXB), with external beam chemoradiotherapy, is a viable organ-preserving alternative to radical surgery. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the clinical effectiveness of CXB in the treatment of rectal cancer. This systematic review was prospectively registered (CRD42021284969) and reported following PRISMA guidelines. Multiple electronic da…

No association between cholecystectomy and risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of cohort studies.

International journal of colorectal disease · 2023 · PMID 37368048

OBJECTIVE: Cohort studies have reported an association between colorectal cancer and cholecystectomy. However, the conclusions are inconsistent. Thus, this meta-analysis will quantify the risk of colorectal cancer following cholecystectomy. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant cohort studies. The quality of individual observational studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. The relative risk of colorectal cancer after cholecystectomy was ca…

Antibiotics use and risk of colorectal neoplasia: An updated meta-analysis.

International journal of colorectal disease · 2022 · PMID 36329204

PURPOSE: Accumulating evidence indicate that antibiotic use could induce microbiome dysbiosis, which was a critical driver to the onset and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). But the relationship between antibiotics use and CRC was still disputed. Hence, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to appraise and synthesize the present available evidence to clarify the association. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched for relevant observational st…

Systematic review and meta-analysis comparing robotic total mesorectal excision versus transanal total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer.

Scandinavian journal of surgery : SJS : official organ for the Finnish Surgical Society and the Scandinavian Surgical Society · 2025 · PMID 39297347

INTRODUCTION: The best approach for total mesorectal excision (TME) remains controversial. Two recently described approaches are robotic TME (RTME) and transanal TME (TaTME). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the outcomes between robotic surgery and TaTME in patients undergoing rectal cancer resection. METHODS: We structured this systematic review and meta-analysis according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines 2020 and Assessing the Me…

A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis and Review of Intraoperative Radiotherapy in Colorectal Cancer: Examining Radiation Dosage, Long-Term Prognosis, and Treatment-Related Complications.

Cancer medicine · 2026 · PMID 42522172

BACKGROUND: The effect of device type and radiation dose in intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) for colorectal cancer is not well established. To explore this, we reviewed studies reporting postoperative complications, disease-free survival, local control, and long-term survival in patients treated with non-implantable IORT techniques-IOERT, KV-IORT, and HDR-IORT. Most of the available evidence relates to IOERT or HDR-IORT, which is usually delivered at 15 Gy (range 10-20 Gy). The median dose for KV-IORT is typicall…

Functional outcomes and quality of life following open versus laparoscopic versus robot-assisted versus transanal total mesorectal excision in rectal cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Surgical endoscopy · 2024 · PMID 38898341

BACKGROUND: The standard surgical treatment for rectal cancer is total mesorectal excision (TME), which may negatively affect patients' functional outcomes and quality of life (QoL). However, it is unclear how different TME techniques may impact patients' functional outcomes and QoL. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated functional outcomes of urinary, sexual, and fecal functioning as well as QoL after open, laparoscopic (L-TME), robot-assisted (R-TME), and transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME). …

Association of computed tomography-derived body composition and complications after colorectal cancer surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2024 · PMID 39370740

The prediction of the risk of developing complications after colorectal surgery for colorectal carcinoma remains imprecise. Body composition measurements on a computed tomography (CT) scan can potentially contribute to a better preoperative risk assessment. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the evidence for the use of body composition measurements on CT scans to predict short-term complications after colorectal cancer surgery. A literature search (in PubMed, Embase and Web of Science) was performed u…

Total Neoadjuvant Therapy (TNT) versus Standard Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The oncologist · 2021 · PMID 33987952

BACKGROUND: Total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) is a novel approach for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), which attempts to deliver both systemic chemotherapy and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy prior to surgery. However, its efficacy and safety remain controversial in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We conducted this meta-analysis to assess such concerns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Head-to-head phase II/III RCTs were searched in Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, as well as other sources. Th…

Adolescent obesity and risk of serious chronic morbidity and mortality in young adulthood: a systematic review of cohorts from national registries.

Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026 · PMID 42237280

BACKGROUND: The rising prevalence of adolescent obesity necessitates a precise understanding of its corresponding risks for severe chronic morbidity and premature mortality during young adulthood and midlife. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of nationwide longitudinal cohort studies, using validated national registries, aimed at assessing the short- and long-term risk of morbidity and mortality associated with adolescent overweight and obesity. RESULTS: We included 38 studies in this systematic review. Ado…

Abdominal obesity and colorectal cancer risk: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.

Bioscience reports · 2017 · PMID 29026008

The association between abdominal obesity (as measured by waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)) and colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been fully quantified, and the magnitude of CRC risk associated with abdominal obesity is still unclear. A meta-analysis of prospective studies was performed to elucidate the CRC risk associated with abdominal obesity. Pubmed and Embase were searched for studies assessing the association between abdominal obesity and CRC risk. Relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence i…

Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities After Surgical Resection for Rectal Cancer.

The Journal of surgical research · 2020 · PMID 32798992

BACKGROUND: There are various racial, socioeconomic, and tumor-specific factors that can impact rectal cancer outcomes. The current systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate the effect socioeconomic and racial variables on overall survival of rectal cancer patients after surgical resection. METHODS: A literature search was performed via electronic databases according to Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. All studies were evaluated by three …

The neoadjuvant immunotherapy for non-metastatic mismatch repair-deficient colorectal cancer: a systematic review.

Frontiers in immunology · 2025 · PMID 40376001

BACKGROUND: Immunotherapy has become the first-line treatment for metastatic mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) colorectal cancer. The efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant immunotherapy for the treatment of non-metastatic dMMR colorectal cancer remain unclear. In this article, we explore the clinical effect and safety of neoadjuvant immunotherapy for non-metastatic dMMR colorectal cancer. METHODS: We collected clinical data from the databases (PubMed, Wanfang Embase, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infra…

Proton beam therapy in rectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Surgical oncology · 2021 · PMID 34340196

INTRODUCTION: Locally advanced rectal cancer is often treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery. Radiotherapy carries significant risk of toxicity to organs at risk (OAR). Proton beam therapy (PBT) has demonstrated to be effective in other cancers, delivering equivalent dosimetric radiation but with the benefit of improved sparing of OAR. This review compares dosimetric irradiation of OAR and oncological outcomes for PBT versus conventional photon-based radiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer. M…

Laparoscopic colorectal cancer resections in the obese: a systematic review.

Surgical endoscopy · 2017 · PMID 27778169

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic colorectal cancer operations in obese patients pose technical challenges that may negatively impact oncologic adequacy. A meta-analysis was performed to assess the oncologic outcomes of laparoscopic colorectal cancer resections in obese compared to non-obese patients. Short- and long-term outcomes were assessed secondarily. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted from inception until October 01, 2014. Studies that compared outcomes of laparoscopic colorectal malignant neoplasm…

Continuity of transcriptomes among colorectal cancer subtypes based on meta-analysis.

Genome biology · 2018 · PMID 30253799

BACKGROUND: Previous approaches to defining subtypes of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and other cancers based on transcriptomes have assumed the existence of discrete subtypes. We analyze gene expression patterns of colorectal tumors from a large number of patients to test this assumption and propose an approach to identify potentially a continuum of subtypes that are present across independent studies and cohorts. RESULTS: We examine the assumption of discrete CRC subtypes by integrating 18 published gene expression …

Diagnostic accuracy of computer-aided detection for colorectal polyps of any size, ≤ 5 mm, and 6-9 mm: a meta-analysis.

World journal of surgical oncology · 2026 · PMID 42533341

BACKGROUND: Although computer-aided detection (CAD) is often used for medical diagnostic purposes, its diagnostic effectiveness in colorectal polyps (CPs) remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the diagnostic accuracy of CAD in diagnosing CPs, and provide a specific theoretical basis for clinical practice. METHODS: From database creation to August 1st 2024, we conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, Wanfang, Cochrane Library, and the China National Knowledge Infrastruct…

Occupational benzene exposure and colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Environmental research · 2024 · PMID 38782339

Recent reports suggest that benzene exposure may be associated with solid cancers, such as lung and bladder cancers. Instead, evidence on the association between benzene and colorectal cancer (CRC) is sparse. Thus, we aimed to summarize current literature on the association between occupational benzene exposure and CRC. We searched Pubmed, Embase (through Ovid), and Scopus to retrieve cohort and nested case-control studies on the association between occupational benzene exposure and solid cancers. The search was in…

A Lack of Association between Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms with Colorectal Cancer: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis and Power Assessment.

Critical reviews in eukaryotic gene expression · 2026 · PMID 41824933

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major global health burden, and genetic factors such as vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms have been implicated in its pathogenesis. However, the translational relevance of these variants in clinical risk stratification remains unclear. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of case-control studies assessing the association between four common VDR single-nucleotide polymorphisms (Fok1, Apa1, Bsm1, and Taq1) and CRC risk, integrating data from PubMed, Em…

The Impact of Early Versus Delayed Chemotherapy on Survival in Patients with Colorectal Cancer after Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2026 · PMID 42538503

OBJECTIVE: This study systematically evaluates the impact of the initiation time of postoperative chemotherapy on overall survival (OS) in patients with colorectal cancer, providing evidence to guide clinical decisions on chemotherapy timing. METHODS: Following PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched up to February 2025. Cohort studies comparing early versus delayed postoperative chemotherapy were included. Two researchers independently perf…

Hand-foot skin reaction as a positive prognostic factor in vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment.

British journal of pharmacology · 2026 · PMID 41967859

Hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR) is a common adverse effect of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGFR-TKIs), but its prognostic value remained disputable. In this study, we aimed to assess the association between HFSR and survival outcomes in cancer patients receiving VEGFR-TKIs. MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception to 29 June 2025. Two authors independently selected cohort studies, extracted data and appraised the r…

Comparison of Functional Outcomes Between Robotic and Laparoscopic Surgery in Rectal Cancer Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Journal of investigative surgery : the official journal of the Academy of Surgical Research · 2026 · PMID 42037577

BACKGROUND: Robotic and laparoscopic approaches are widely used for rectal cancer surgery. Although robotic systems provide enhanced visualization and dexterity, it remains unclear whether these advantages improve postoperative urinary and sexual function. METHODS: MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and CENTRAL (2000-2025) were searched for studies comparing robotic and laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery. Outcomes included postoperative ileus, urinary retention, and urinary and sexual function. Random-effects meta-an…

Global prevalence and moderating factors of malnutrition in colorectal cancer survivors: A meta-analysis.

Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2026 · PMID 39878855

PURPOSE: This meta-analysis aims to estimate the global prevalence of severe, moderate, overall malnutrition and moderating factors of malnutrition in colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors. METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted in Embase, CINAHL, Medline-OVID, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception to February 8, 2024, without language, region, or publication date restrictions. A generalized linear mixed model and random-effects model were used to examine the pooled prevalence, and moderator analyses…

Robotic-assisted versus standard laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer in obese patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Computer assisted surgery (Abingdon, England) · 2026 · PMID 41454717

Colorectal cancer represents a major global health concern and obesity adds complicates its surgical management. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the comparative effectiveness and safety of robotic-assisted surgery and standard laparoscopic surgery in obese colorectal cancer patients. A comprehensive literature search performed across databases from inception to April 2024. Pooled estimates included hospital stay duration, drainage tube removal time, first ventilation time, complication rates, re-admission rate…

BRAF-targeted therapy in non-melanomatous BRAF-mutant tumours: a systematic review of broad but histology-modulated efficacy.

International journal of clinical oncology · 2026 · PMID 42277540

BACKGROUND: Tumour agnostic therapies represent a paradigm shift in oncology. BRAF inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy in melanoma. However, their role in non-melanomatous cancers was originally contentious. This systematic review aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of BRAF-targeted therapies, both as monotherapy and in combination with other targeted therapies, in BRAF-mutated, non-melanomatous tumours. METHODS: A systematic search of MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane CENTRAL was conducted from January 2…

Systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis comparing multiple anastomotic techniques after total mesorectal excision in rectal cancer.

European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology · 2026 · PMID 42330709

BACKGROUND: Although several studies have performed pairwise comparisons of individual anastomotic techniques after total mesorectal excision (TME) for rectal cancer, there is a lack of comprehensive analyses, which simultaneously evaluate multiple techniques. This study aims to perform a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis to compare the various anastomotic methods used after TME. METHODS: This systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis included both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) a…

Utility of Pelvic Peritoneum Closure After Minimally Invasive Low Anterior Resections for Rectal Cancer. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Journal of laparoendoscopic & advanced surgical techniques. Part A · 2026 · PMID 42011690

BACKGROUND: Anastomotic leakage (AL) after low anterior resection (LAR) remains a major determinant of postoperative morbidity, largely driven by the severity of its downstream consequences. Pelvic peritoneum closure (PC) has been proposed as an anatomy-based maneuver to restore pelvic compartmentalization after LAR, but its clinical impact has not been systematically quantified. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to a prespecified PROSPERO protocol and the Preferred Reporting I…

A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis and Review of Intraoperative Radiotherapy in Colorectal Cancer: Examining Radiation Dosage, Long-Term Prognosis, and Treatment-Related Complications.

Cancer medicine · 2026 · PMID 42522172

BACKGROUND: The effect of device type and radiation dose in intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) for colorectal cancer is not well established. To explore this, we reviewed studies reporting postoperative complications, disease-free survival, local control, and long-term survival in patients treated with non-implantable IORT techniques-IOERT, KV-IORT, and HDR-IORT. Most of the available evidence relates to IOERT or HDR-IORT, which is usually delivered at 15 Gy (range 10-20 Gy). The median dose for KV-IORT is typicall…

Total neoadjuvant therapy versus standard neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of long-term outcomes.

Surgical oncology · 2026 · PMID 42378863

BACKGROUND: Total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) is increasingly used for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), but most evidence is based on short- or intermediate-term follow-up. We evaluated whether TNT improves long-term disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), pathological complete response (pCR), locoregional recurrence (LR), and distant metastasis (DM) compared with standard neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). PATIENTS AND METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Tria…

Complete Mesocolic Excision Versus D2 Lymphadenectomy for Right Colon Cancer: A Bayesian Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials Assessing Surgical and Perioperative Outcomes.

Journal of laparoendoscopic & advanced surgical techniques. Part A · 2026 · PMID 41841469

INTRODUCTION: Complete mesocolic excision (CME) may increase lymph node retrieval and provide a more complete oncologic excision compared with D2 dissection, although its perioperative safety remains uncertain. This systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis compared clinical and operative outcomes between CME and D2 in right colectomy. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central were searched through November 2025. Randomized controlled trials comparing CME with D2 were included. Frequentist analyses used rand…

First-Line Immunotherapy Versus Chemotherapy in MSI-H/dMMR Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Phase III Studies.

Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2026 · PMID 42474934

BACKGROUND: Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) with microsatellite instability-high or mismatch repair deficiency (MSI-H/dMMR) demonstrates limited responsiveness to conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy but increased susceptibility to immune checkpoint inhibition. Although randomized phase III trials have shown superiority of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the first-line setting, a comprehensive synthesis of survival outcomes across key molecular and clinical subgroups remains warranted. METHODS: We conduct…

Photon-counting CT in gastrointestinal malignancies: a scoping review.

European journal of radiology · 2026 · PMID 42102569

BACKGROUND: Photon-Counting computed tomography(PCCT) offers superior spatial resolution, improved contrast-to-noise ratio and reduced radiation dose compared with conventional CT. This scoping review maps and synthesizes clinical evidence on PCCT applications in gastrointestinal (GI) oncology following the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines METHODS: A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library (January 2017-December 2025) identified studies evaluating PCCT in…

Chemotherapy for patients with circulating tumour DNA-positive, stage II colon cancer (CIRCULATE)-an AIO/ABCSG trial.

Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology · 2026 · PMID 42225236

BACKGROUND: Adjuvant chemotherapy provides limited benefit in unselected stage II colon cancer. Post-operative circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) has higher prognostic value than classical clinical markers, with ctDNA positivity indicating an unfavourable outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with Union for International Cancer Control stage II, mismatch repair proficient/microsatellite stable colon cancer were tested for ctDNA using an academic, tumour-informed, next-generation sequencing-based test. ctDNA-positive …

Circadian Disruption as a Determinant of the Tumor Temporal State in Colorectal Cancer: A PRISMA-Based Systematic Review Integrating Metabolism, Immunity, and Metastasis.

International journal of molecular sciences · 2026 · PMID 42511510

Circadian rhythms synchronize physiological processes with the light-dark cycle and regulate biological functions relevant to cancer, including cell-cycle control, metabolism, DNA repair, immunity, and tissue homeostasis. Growing evidence indicates that disruption of these temporal mechanisms contributes to tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and treatment response. In colorectal cancer (CRC), circadian clock dysregulation has emerged as an important component of tumor biology. A systematic search identified…

Current understanding and management of brain metastasis from colorectal cancer. A review.

Journal of visceral surgery · 2026 · PMID 41644346

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the third most diagnosed cancer worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Although relatively rare, brain metastases from CRC (BMCRC) have been linked to poor prognosis and reduced survival rates. The incidence of BMCRC is increasing, possibly because of improved diagnostic techniques and prolonged patient survival due to advances in systemic treatments. METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, utilizing dat…

Quality assurance of surgical techniques for right colon cancer: Systematic review.

Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland · 2026 · PMID 41891400

BACKGROUND: Following the footprints of Bill Heald with total mesorectal excision (TME) in rectal cancers, Hohenberger applied the same approach to right-sided colon cancers by introducing the complete mesocolic excision (CME) resection. As a relatively new technique, there are few randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with no reporting of long-term oncological outcomes. Additionally, despite the available evidence defining the core principles of the technique, there are still variations in its application. This syst…

Survival outcomes in POD1UM-303/InterAACT-2: a phase III study of retifanlimab plus carboplatin-paclitaxel in first-line advanced squamous anal cancer.

Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology · 2026 · PMID 42097353

BACKGROUND: In the primary analysis of the POD1UM-303/InterAACT 2 trial, median progression-free survival (PFS) was significantly longer with retifanlimab plus carboplatin-paclitaxel than with placebo plus carboplatin-paclitaxel in adult, systemic treatment-naïve patients with advanced/metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal (SCAC). In this article, the final overall survival (OS) data from PODIUM-303/InterAACT 2, along with subgroup and exploratory analyses, are presented. PATIENTS AND METHODS: POD1UM…

Efficacy and Safety of High Versus Low Ligation of the Inferior Mesenteric Artery in Colorectal Cancer Surgery a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

The Journal of surgical research · 2026 · PMID 42208212

INTRODUCTION: To assess the impact of high-tie (HT) versus low-tie (LT) ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery, with or without left colic artery (LCA) preservation, on surgical, oncological, and functional outcomes in colorectal cancer surgery. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 31 randomized controlled trials, cohort, and cadaveric studies (including 10 randomized controlled trials, 11 retrospective cohort studies, 9 prospective cohort studies, and 1 cadaveric study) was conducted. Outcomes inc…

A Lack of Association between Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms with Colorectal Cancer: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis and Power Assessment.

Critical reviews in eukaryotic gene expression · 2026 · PMID 41824933

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major global health burden, and genetic factors such as vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms have been implicated in its pathogenesis. However, the translational relevance of these variants in clinical risk stratification remains unclear. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of case-control studies assessing the association between four common VDR single-nucleotide polymorphisms (Fok1, Apa1, Bsm1, and Taq1) and CRC risk, integrating data from PubMed, Em…

A network meta-analysis of endocrine adverse events induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors in colorectal cancer.

Frontiers in immunology · 2026 · PMID 42500681

UNLABELLED: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy for colorectal cancer (CRC) can be accompanied by endocrine adverse events, yet the comparative risk across commonly used regimens remains unclear. We therefore conducted a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in CRC published up to November 22, 2025, estimating risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and assessing risk of bias. Six RCTs were included. Relative to conventional therapy, ICI-based regimens were associated with a high…

Resistance of Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells to Modern Therapies: A Systematic Review.

International journal of molecular sciences · 2026 · PMID 42511628

Colorectal cancer stem cells (CRC-SCs) contribute to treatment resistance, tumor recurrence and disease progression. Despite therapeutic advances, CRC-SCs frequently evade eradication and sustain tumor propagation. Although multiple molecular pathways have been implicated in this resistance, current preclinical evidence remains fragmented. This systematic review aims to synthesize preclinical evidence on the molecular mechanisms underlying CRC-SC resistance to modern anticancer therapies. A systematic search of Pub…

Rare colorectal manifestations of pediatric gastrointestinal lymphoma: a systematic review of clinical spectrum and surgical implications.

Pediatric surgery international · 2026 · PMID 42437396

PURPOSE: Pediatric colorectal malignancies are rare, with lymphomas- predominantly non- Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) representing the most common type, accounting to 0.5-2% of large bowel malignancies. Colorectal NHL can be primary or secondary. This study analyzes the rare manifestations of pediatric colorectal lymphoma and examines their diagnostic challenges and surgical implications. METHOD: A Pubmed search was done with search words "lymphoma of colon pediatric" with filter of last 5 years on 12 Feb 2026. The sear…

Interventions targeting quality of life in patients with colorectal cancer and a fecal ostomy: A systematic review.

Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract · 2026 · PMID 42140309

BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing fecal ostomy surgery often struggle to adapt to life, particularly when the surgery is performed for colorectal cancer. Maladaptation to life with an ostomy is associated with psychosocial challenges that affect daily quality of life (QoL). The aim of this systematic review was to identify interventions that address the self-care education and psychosocial needs of patients with colorectal cancer living with an ostomy and to examine their efficacy and effectiveness. METHODS: A system…

Immunonutrition in surgical patients with colorectal cancer: a systematic review.

Nutricion hospitalaria · 2026 · PMID 42023849

Introduction: surgery in patients with colorectal cancer often leads to complications, affecting recovery, prolonging hospital stay, and impacting quality of life. Immunonutrition plays an important role by modulating the immune system and may contribute to the reduction of these complications. Objective: to assess the effect of immunonutrient supplementation on complications in surgical patients with colorectal cancer. Materials and methods: a literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and …

The Impact of Early Versus Delayed Chemotherapy on Survival in Patients with Colorectal Cancer after Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2026 · PMID 42538503

OBJECTIVE: This study systematically evaluates the impact of the initiation time of postoperative chemotherapy on overall survival (OS) in patients with colorectal cancer, providing evidence to guide clinical decisions on chemotherapy timing. METHODS: Following PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched up to February 2025. Cohort studies comparing early versus delayed postoperative chemotherapy were included. Two researchers independently perf…

Hand-foot skin reaction as a positive prognostic factor in vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment.

British journal of pharmacology · 2026 · PMID 41967859

Hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR) is a common adverse effect of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGFR-TKIs), but its prognostic value remained disputable. In this study, we aimed to assess the association between HFSR and survival outcomes in cancer patients receiving VEGFR-TKIs. MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception to 29 June 2025. Two authors independently selected cohort studies, extracted data and appraised the r…

A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis and Review of Intraoperative Radiotherapy in Colorectal Cancer: Examining Radiation Dosage, Long-Term Prognosis, and Treatment-Related Complications.

Cancer medicine · 2026 · PMID 42522172

BACKGROUND: The effect of device type and radiation dose in intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) for colorectal cancer is not well established. To explore this, we reviewed studies reporting postoperative complications, disease-free survival, local control, and long-term survival in patients treated with non-implantable IORT techniques-IOERT, KV-IORT, and HDR-IORT. Most of the available evidence relates to IOERT or HDR-IORT, which is usually delivered at 15 Gy (range 10-20 Gy). The median dose for KV-IORT is typicall…

Adolescent obesity and risk of serious chronic morbidity and mortality in young adulthood: a systematic review of cohorts from national registries.

Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026 · PMID 42237280

BACKGROUND: The rising prevalence of adolescent obesity necessitates a precise understanding of its corresponding risks for severe chronic morbidity and premature mortality during young adulthood and midlife. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of nationwide longitudinal cohort studies, using validated national registries, aimed at assessing the short- and long-term risk of morbidity and mortality associated with adolescent overweight and obesity. RESULTS: We included 38 studies in this systematic review. Ado…

Quality assurance of surgical techniques for right colon cancer: Systematic review.

Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland · 2026 · PMID 41891400

BACKGROUND: Following the footprints of Bill Heald with total mesorectal excision (TME) in rectal cancers, Hohenberger applied the same approach to right-sided colon cancers by introducing the complete mesocolic excision (CME) resection. As a relatively new technique, there are few randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with no reporting of long-term oncological outcomes. Additionally, despite the available evidence defining the core principles of the technique, there are still variations in its application. This syst…

Diagnostic accuracy of computer-aided detection for colorectal polyps of any size, ≤ 5 mm, and 6-9 mm: a meta-analysis.

World journal of surgical oncology · 2026 · PMID 42533341

BACKGROUND: Although computer-aided detection (CAD) is often used for medical diagnostic purposes, its diagnostic effectiveness in colorectal polyps (CPs) remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the diagnostic accuracy of CAD in diagnosing CPs, and provide a specific theoretical basis for clinical practice. METHODS: From database creation to August 1st 2024, we conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, Wanfang, Cochrane Library, and the China National Knowledge Infrastruct…

Predictive utility of the C-reactive protein-albumin-lymphocyte (CALLY) index in Colorectal cancer: A meta-analysis.

Clinics and research in hepatology and gastroenterology · 2026 · PMID 41895658

OBJECTIVE: The prognostic performance of the C-reactive protein-albumin-lymphocyte (CALLY) index in individuals with colorectal cancer (CRC) remains inconsistent. Therefore, this research intended to ascertain the utility of CALLY for prognostic prediction in individuals with CRC. METHODS: PubMed, Cochrane Library (Cochrane), Web of Science (WOS), and Embase were retrieved to collect articles published up to October 20, 2025, ascertaining the prognostic utility of CALLY in CRC. The overall hazard ratio (HR) and its…

A Lack of Association between Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms with Colorectal Cancer: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis and Power Assessment.

Critical reviews in eukaryotic gene expression · 2026 · PMID 41824933

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major global health burden, and genetic factors such as vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms have been implicated in its pathogenesis. However, the translational relevance of these variants in clinical risk stratification remains unclear. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of case-control studies assessing the association between four common VDR single-nucleotide polymorphisms (Fok1, Apa1, Bsm1, and Taq1) and CRC risk, integrating data from PubMed, Em…

Effect of remimazolam on postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection for colorectal cancer: a randomized controlled trial.

BMC gastroenterology · 2026 · PMID 42215906

BACKGROUND: Our study aimed to compare remimazolam, midazolam, and no sedative on postoperative delirium (POD) incidence, cognitive function, inflammation, and recovery in elderly colorectal cancer (CRC) laparoscopic radical resection patients. METHODS: In this single-center, randomized, double-blind trial, 60 patients aged ≥ 60 years were assigned to the Control, Remimazolam, or Midazolam groups (n = 20 each). Anesthesia included remimazolam (6 mg/kg/h for 5 min), midazolam (0.04 mg/kg) before induction, or no sed…

Mapping the evolution and impact of microfluidic technology research on cancer diagnosis: A comprehensive bibliometric analysis from 2015 to 2024.

Medicine · 2026 · PMID 42536556

BACKGROUND: To explore the research trends of microfluidic technology for cancer diagnosis from 2015 to 2024 using bibliometric and visualization methods (not a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-compliant systematic review), and provide references for subsequent scientific research. METHODS: Relevant literatures were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection, and analyzed using tools such as Origin 2018, R software, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace. The cooperation network, co - cit…

Impact of oral nutritional supplements on chemotherapy tolerance and overall survival in postoperative colorectal cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition · 2026 · PMID 42521230

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of oral nutritional supplements (ONS) on chemotherapy tolerance and long-term survival outcomes in postoperative colorectal cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: This study was a secondary analysis based on a randomized controlled trial, and patients undergoing chemotherapy after hospital discharge were included. Patients in the ONS group received dietary advice as well as ONS for three months, w…

The role of probiotics in modulating complications and intestinal barrier integrity after colorectal cancer surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.

Gastroenterology and hepatology from bed to bench · 2026 · PMID 42535221

AIM: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the impact of probiotics on postoperative complications and intestinal barrier integrity markers in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) undergoing surgery. BACKGROUND: Postoperative complications pose a substantial challenge in CRC. Probiotics have been shown to alleviate these complications through various mechanisms, including improving intestinal barrier integrity. METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, Web of …

Best evidence summary for post-discharge follow-up of patients with colorectal cancer and an ostomy.

Asia-Pacific journal of oncology nursing · 2026 · PMID 42253415

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the best available evidence on post-discharge follow-up of patients with colorectal cancer and an ostomy. METHODS: Following the 6S evidence hierarchy, a systematic search was performed from July 1, 2015, to January 1, 2026, covering major academic databases, professional society websites, and clinical decision support tools. Two reviewers independently evaluated the quality of the included studies and extracted the relevant evidence, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 15 articles were includ…

Multi-Sample and Multi-Group Spatial Colocalization Analysis Using PANORAMIC.

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2026 · PMID 42538825

MOTIVATION: Spatial omics studies compare cell-cell organization across samples, but most methods model between-sample variability while treating sample-level spatial estimates as error-free. Overlooking within-sample uncertainty can distort inference in heterogeneous cohorts, motivating methods that explicitly quantify and propagate this uncertainty into cohort-level analyses. RESULTS: We present PANORAMIC, a hierarchical framework for spatial colocalization analysis that uses edge-corrected neighborhood enrichmen…

Essential Updates 2024-2026: Advances in Colorectal Cancer Surgery.

Annals of gastroenterological surgery · 2026 · PMID 42542855

Surgical innovation in colorectal cancer is increasingly judged not by technical feasibility alone, but by whether it improves oncological outcomes, preserves function, reduces morbidity, or makes difficult procedures more reproducible. This structured narrative review examines major surgical studies published from January 2024 through July 2026, while retaining earlier landmark reports when needed to interpret safety and implementation. The strongest recent randomized evidence concerns robot-assisted rectal cancer…

Randomized phase-II trial of surufatinib plus FOLFOX/FOLFIRI versus FOLFOXIRI as second-line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer.

Annals of medicine · 2026 · PMID 42421558

BACKGROUND: Second-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) typically involves oxaliplatin- or irinotecan-based doublet chemotherapy with or without anti-angiogenic antibodies. Triplet regimens such as FOLFOXIRI have demonstrated synergy and improved efficacy as first-line therapy. Surufatinib, an oral multi-kinase inhibitor targeting VEGFR1-3, FGFR1, and CSF-1R, may enhance chemotherapy efficacy. We evaluated surufatinib combined with doublet (FOLFOX/FOLFIRI) versus triplet (FOLFOXIRI) chemotherapy a…

Clinical efficacy of Mepilex Lite dressings combined with indomethacin suppositories in the treatment of acute radiation dermatitis caused by rectal cancer radiotherapy: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

BMJ open · 2026 · PMID 42532557

INTRODUCTION: Acute radiation dermatitis is a common adverse reaction in radiotherapy, especially in patients with rectal cancer undergoing radiotherapy. At present, acute radiation dermatitis of the perianal skin has received widespread attention; however, acute radiation skin injury of the anal canal skin has not received sufficient attention. These patients mainly complain of anal pain, which seriously affects their quality of life. Mepilex Lite dressings have been recommended for the treatment of acute radiatio…

Three-Year Follow-Up of the Randomized Trial Comparing Open Versus Laparoscopic Surgery for Primary Tumor Resection in Patients With Non-Curable Stage IV Colon Cancer (JCOG1107).

Diseases of the colon and rectum · 2026 · PMID 42461618

BACKGROUND: JCOG1107 (UMIN-CTR, number UMIN000009715) was a non-inferiority phase III trial comparing laparoscopic and open surgery for symptomatic, non-curable stage IV colon cancer. The primary analysis confirmed the non-inferiority of laparoscopic surgery in terms of progression-free survival. OBJECTIVE: To compare long-term outcomes of laparoscopic and open surgery for stage IV colon cancer. DESIGN: Multicenter, open-label, randomized, controlled phase III trial. SETTING: Forty-two Japanese institutions. PATIEN…

Factors associated with changes in the quality of postoperative recovery after laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery in women: a linear mixed-effects analysis.

Journal of anesthesia · 2026 · PMID 41241702

PURPOSE: Laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer is performed globally. A 15-item quality of recovery (QoR-15) score is commonly used to evaluate postoperative recovery. However, women are particularly at risk for postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), anxiety and poorer overall recovery. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the factors associated with changes in postoperative QoR-15 scores based on clinical features in women undergoing laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery. METHODS: Women who underwent la…

Clinical Significance of Lymph Node Count in Colon Cancer Surgery: A Tumour Location-stratified Prognostic Analysis Based on an Integrated Phase-III Randomized Controlled Trial (JCOG2310AS3).

Journal of the anus, rectum and colon · 2026 · PMID 42535155

OBJECTIVES: The prognostic significance of lymph node (LN) count in colon cancer (CC) remains controversial. Current guidelines recommend retrieval of ≥12 LNs for accurate staging; however, tumour sidedness may influence its prognostic relevance. This study evaluated the impact of LN count on survival according to tumour sidedness and pathological stage (pStage). METHODS: This integrated analysis used data from randomised trials conducted by the Japan Clinical Oncology Group. Data from patients with pStage II/III C…

Artificial intelligence-assisted detection and optical differentiation of colorectal lesions in Lynch syndrome surveillance (CADLY2): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled superiority trial.

The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026 · PMID 42462747

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI)-based computer-aided detection (CADe) systems improve adenoma detection in average-risk colorectal cancer screening. Meanwhile, evidence in Lynch syndrome surveillance is sparse and inconsistent. We assessed the effect of CADe on adenoma detection during Lynch syndrome surveillance. Computer-aided optical diagnosis (CADx) performance for optical differentiation of colorectal lesions was evaluated as a secondary aim. METHODS: CADLY2 was an international, multicentre, open-lab…

Pooled analysis of 2 clinical trials of first-line chemoimmunotherapy for metastatic microsatellite stable colorectal cancer MEDITREME and METIMMOX studies.

Oncoimmunology · 2026 · PMID 42322272

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer with microsatellite stable (MSS) status is intrinsically resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy targeting PD-1 or PD-L1. However, emerging evidence suggests that chemotherapies may overcome this resistance when combined with immunotherapy. METHODS: We conducted a pooled analysis of individual patient data from two phase II trials evaluating oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy combined with checkpoint inhibitors as first-line treatment for MSS metastatic colorectal cancer. The …

COMMIT: A Randomized Study of mFOLFOX6/Bevacizumab/Atezolizumab or Atezolizumab Alone as First-Line Treatment of Deficient DNA Mismatch Repair Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.

Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2026 · PMID 42525921

PURPOSE: Immunotherapy for frontline mismatch repair-deficient/microsatellite instability-high (dMMR/MSI-H) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is effective; however, nearly half of the patients treated with single-agent PD-1 therapy will progress within 12 months. Preclinical studies in CRC and clinical data from other cancers suggest that vascular endothelial growth factor inhibition and chemotherapy can synergize with PD-L1 inhibition. METHODS: The NRG-GI004/SWOG-S1610 (COMMIT) three-arm prospective phase III op…

The effects of narrative therapy on stigma of patients with permanent enterostomy: A randomized controlled trial.

European journal of oncology nursing : the official journal of European Oncology Nursing Society · 2026 · PMID 42537615

PURPOSE: Permanent enterostomy is often associated with stigma and poor psychosocial adaptation. This study aimed to develop a narrative therapy (NT) program for ostomy patients and evaluate its efficacy. METHOD: In this randomized controlled trial, 96 patients were randomly assigned to control and intervention groups at a 1:1 ratio. The control group received standard nursing care, while the intervention group additionally received an 8-week NT program starting from the first week after discharge. Stigma and psych…

Gastroenterology/Hepatology: What You May Have Missed in 2025.

Annals of internal medicine · 2026 · PMID 41974014

During 2025, gastroenterology and hepatology experienced advances in treatment and surveillance of common diseases. Technological innovations have been reported that may positively affect patients worldwide. New drug options for treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis are emerging, and old drugs have new indications and patterns of use for common gastroenterologic diseases. The 9 articles featured here were selected because they represent important information for clinicians who are not gastro…

COMMIT: A Randomized Study of mFOLFOX6/Bevacizumab/Atezolizumab or Atezolizumab Alone as First-Line Treatment of Deficient DNA Mismatch Repair Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.

Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2026 · PMID 42525921

PURPOSE: Immunotherapy for frontline mismatch repair-deficient/microsatellite instability-high (dMMR/MSI-H) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is effective; however, nearly half of the patients treated with single-agent PD-1 therapy will progress within 12 months. Preclinical studies in CRC and clinical data from other cancers suggest that vascular endothelial growth factor inhibition and chemotherapy can synergize with PD-L1 inhibition. METHODS: The NRG-GI004/SWOG-S1610 (COMMIT) three-arm prospective phase III op…

Impact of alcohol cessation on hepatic metabolic signaling during cancer cachexia.

Biochemical and biophysical research communications · 2026 · PMID 42341415

UNLABELLED: The liver is central to macronutrient metabolism, with cancer and alcohol both impacting its function. The objective was to investigate the effects of alcohol use and its cessation, on hepatic gene expression for lipid metabolism and mitochondrial proteins during cachexia inducing distal site cancer. METHODS: Male CD2F1 mice were randomized to Control no cancer, Control-Cancer, prior alcohol (PE), PE-cancer, EtOH, or EtOH-cancer groups. Mice consumed control or alcohol (20% kcals from ethanol) liquid di…

Antiparasitic agents in oncology: Innovative mechanisms, emerging evidence and clinical potential in cancer treatment.

European journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026 · PMID 42217373

The repurpose of established antiparasitic agents for oncological applications represents a promising and cost-effective strategy in the search for novel anticancer therapeutics. Drugs originally developed to treat parasitic infections, including ivermectin, mebendazole, niclosamide, albendazole, artesunate, flubendazole, and other antiparasitic agents, have demonstrated compelling anticancer properties across a wide range of preclinical models. Their mechanisms of action are multifaceted, encompassing disruption o…

Establishment, biobanking, and multi-omics characterization of 41 patient-derived colorectal cancer organoids: MYC/PRC classification.

Translational oncology · 2026 · PMID 42349318

PURPOSE: Colorectal cancer (CRC) exhibits marked genetic, transcriptomic, and phenotypic heterogeneity, limiting the robustness of existing molecular classification systems. We aimed to apply and validate an SMI-based MYC/PRC classification framework in CRC patient-derived organoids and to characterize its molecular, pharmacologic, and clinical relevance across independent cohorts. METHODS: We established 41 CRC PDOs from 28 patients and performed whole-exome sequencing, RNA sequencing, and high-throughput drug scr…

Sympathetic immunomodulation suppresses liver metastasis by maintaining the balance between norepinephrine concentration and the α2a/β2-AR ratio.

Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026 · PMID 42332097

The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) plays a crucial role in chronic liver diseases, but its function, particularly in terms of the underlying mechanisms of liver metastasis, remains unclear. Here, we reported that hepatic sympathetic nerve activity increases in the early stage of metastasis and was accompanied by a moderate increase in norepinephrine (NE). Unexpectedly, NE had a dose-dependent effect on colorectal liver metastasis. Only daily administration of low-dose NE could maintain NE at a moderate concentrat…

Multi-omics analysis of saccharomyces boulardii supplementation reveals coordinated microbiome, metabolic, and immune signaling changes accompanying tumor suppression.

Gut microbes · 2026 · PMID 42381379

The gut microbiome shapes cancer progression and treatment responses, yet scalable microbiome-targeted interventions remain limited. We screened commercial probiotics for activation of the host aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and identified the yeast Saccharomyces boulardii as a consistent AhR activator. In an immunocompetent syngeneic colorectal cancer model, daily oral gavage of S. boulardii slowed growth of established subcutaneous tumors without detectable tumor colonization. Integrated profiling of the gut mic…

Site-dependent Treg cell transcriptional reprogramming in a metastatic colorectal cancer model holds prognostic significance.

Cancer letters · 2026 · PMID 42276407

In colorectal cancer (CRC), tumor-infiltrating regulatory T (Treg) cells suppress anti-tumor immunity, promoting immune evasion and tumor progression. Effective therapies require selectively targeting tumor-infiltrating Treg (TI-Treg) cells while preserving systemic Treg cells, necessitating insight into their adaptations within the tumor microenvironment. Here, CRC-organoids were implanted in the liver of Foxp3eGFP mice to investigate location-specific phenotypic differences in TI-Treg cells. In our cohort, tumor …

Structure-Informed Design of Distinct Parallel G-Quadruplex Stabilizers for KRAS-Driven Cancer Therapy.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026 · PMID 42251661

Targeting oncogene promoter G-quadruplexes (G4s) is a compelling therapeutic strategy against human malignancies. However, clinical progress has been hindered by the lack of potent and structurally diverse G4-targeting ligands. Herein, using parallel KRAS proximal promoter G4 (KRAS-G4) as a model system, we screened an in-house natural product library and identified dehydroevodiamine (DEE) as a novel G4 stabilizer. Although DEE showed only modest anticancer activity, structural analyses determined its predominant b…

Targeting LIG1 to overcome oxaliplatin resistance by inducing PANoptosis in colorectal cancer.

Drug resistance updates : reviews and commentaries in antimicrobial and anticancer chemotherapy · 2026 · PMID 42442130

Oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy is the first-line treatment for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, but its clinical efficacy is hindered by therapeutic resistance. Here, we demonstrate that DNA ligase 1 (LIG1) is highly expressed in CRC and impairs chemosensitivity, highlighting LIG1 as a promising therapeutic target. However, the mechanism by which targeting LIG1 enhances chemosensitivity to oxaliplatin remains incompletely defined, and no highly selective LIG1 inhibitors have been identified to date. In this study,…

Cellular prion protein suppresses colitis and colorectal carcinogenesis via modulating inflammatory responses.

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease · 2026 · PMID 42364787

Reducing prion protein (PrP) levels is a leading therapeutic strategy against prion disease. However, the normal function of PrP remains incompletely understood, creating uncertainty about the potential consequences of this approach. We investigated the role of PrP on intestinal tumorigenesis using the ApcMin/+ familial adenomatous polyposis model and the Azoxymethane/Dextran Sodium Sulfate (AOM/DSS) induced colitis-associated colorectal cancer model. In Prnp-/- background, both tumor burden and survival rates of A…

Author Correction: Quantifying single-cell ERK dynamics in colorectal cancer organoids reveals EGFR as an amplifier of oncogenic MAPK pathway signalling.

Nature cell biology · 2026 · PMID 42538361

TTC7B triggers the PI4KA-AKT1-RXRA-FTO axis and inhibits colon cancer cell proliferation by increasing RNA methylation.

International journal of biological sciences · 2025 · PMID 39897037

TTC7B is the PI4KA-binding protein. The upstream regulatory network associated with the expression of genes involved in RNA N6-adenine (m6A) methylation is not clear. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the expression levels of TTC7B, PI4KA, and FTO are positively correlated with each other across human tissues. These genes are consistently downregulated in many cancers. We initially confirmed the correlation of the expression of these genes in colon cancer tissues from patients (n=105) and reported that TTC7B do…

CEUS with VEGFR2-targeted microbubbles for monitoring of early immunotherapy effects in a colorectal cancer model.

Cancer imaging : the official publication of the International Cancer Imaging Society · 2026 · PMID 42538573

BACKGROUND: To evaluate contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) with VEGFR2-targeted microbubbles for longitudinal monitoring of early treatment effects during combined anti-PD-L1/anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapy in a murine colorectal cancer model. METHODS: Murine colorectal cancer allografts (CT26) were established subcutaneously in 29 female Balb/c mice (therapy n = 15; control n = 14). Baseline CEUS with VEGFR2-targeted microbubbles was performed on day 7. The therapy group received intraperitoneal anti-PD-L1 and anti-CTL…

The link between microplastics and colorectal cancer.

Cancer metastasis reviews · 2026 · PMID 42536273

Microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPLs) are known to enter the human body and accumulate within different tissues. As MNPLs have been shown to exert toxic effects in vivo, we aimed to evaluate the link between MNPLs and colorectal cancer tumorigenesis. A literature review was conducted, using Ovid MEDLINE and PubMed databases. MeSH terms "colorectal carcinoma" and "microplastic" were the foundations for the search strategy. Forty-one studies were initially identified, of which fourteen were ultimately selected for a…

Low, plasma level‑informed native curcumin concentrations fail to induce cell death in human lung and colorectal cancer cells.

Pharmaceutical biology · 2026 · PMID 41858052

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Curcumin, a dietary polyphenol derived from turmeric, has been widely studied for its anti-cancer properties, yet its effects at clinically relevant concentrations remain unclear. This study investigates the anti-cancer effects of curcumin at low in vitro concentrations selected based on reported plasma ranges using in vitro lung and CRC models, with a focus on underlying cellular mechanisms. METHODS: Curcumin was tested at 4, 10, 20, and 50 µg/mL in two CRC cell lines (Caco-2 and HT29) and t…

Mutational signatures of colorectal cancers according to distinct computational workflows.

Briefings in bioinformatics · 2024 · PMID 38783705

Tumor mutational signatures have gained prominence in cancer research, yet the lack of standardized methods hinders reproducibility and robustness. Leveraging colorectal cancer (CRC) as a model, we explored the influence of computational parameters on mutational signature analyses across 230 CRC cell lines and 152 CRC patients. Results were validated in three independent datasets: 483 endometrial cancer patients stratified by mismatch repair (MMR) status, 35 lung cancer patients by smoking status and 12 patient-der…

An orthotopic organoid-based model to study early CD8⁺ T cell dysfunction and immunotherapy response in colorectal cancer.

Oncoimmunology · 2026 · PMID 42141809

Colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment represents a major clinical challenge, with immunotherapy providing durable responses only in a minority of patients. A deeper understanding of CD8⁺ T cell exhaustion and its contribution to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) responsiveness is essential for the development of more effective therapeutic strategies. Preclinical models that faithfully reproduce the immune landscape of human CRC are therefore critical to address these challenges. Here, we established a syngeneic organoi…

PRX5 as a critical driver of colorectal cancer stemness and tumorigenicity.

Redox report : communications in free radical research · 2026 · PMID 42141998

BACKGROUND: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) support colorectal cancer progression and therapy resistance, yet the redox regulators that sustain CSC identity are incompletely defined. We investigated the role of peroxiredoxin 5 (PRX5) in CSC formation and tumorigenicity using HCT116 colorectal cancer models. METHODS: CSCs were enriched by serum-free spheroid culture and characterized by qPCR and western blotting for pluripotency and surface markers. PRX5 expression was regulated via siRNA or shRNA gene disruption and overe…

Discovery of azaindole/indole-fused pyrimidine tetracyclic scaffolds as novel potent CDK7 inhibitors.

Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2026 · PMID 42209292

CDK7 has emerged as a highly promising anticancer target, as its dual indispensable roles in cell cycle progression and transcriptional regulation for cancer cell proliferation and survival. Herein, we describe the rational design and identification of novel tetracyclic CDK7 inhibitors with an azaindole/indole-fused pyrimidine scaffold, achieved via a cyclisation-based conformational restriction strategy. Compound 7a emerged as a potent, highly selective CDK7 inhibitor (IC50 = 1.9 nM), outperforming clinical candid…

Genetic variants of the transporter SLC22A4 affect the abundance and survival of Fusobacterium nucleatum in colorectal cancer.

Gut microbes · 2026 · PMID 42246276

The intestinal microbiota influences colorectal cancer (CRC) development, but its interactions with the host's genetic profile during tumorigenesis are poorly understood. We quantified the CRC-associated pathobiont Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) and the commensal Escherichia coli (E. coli) in 99 cases of archival colorectal cancer and adjacent normal mucosa. Tissues were genotyped for the 503F variant of the Organic Cation Transporter OCTN1/SLC22A4. Colorectal cancer stem cells engineered to express the var…

ADAR1-circRAB5A-BIP axis governs radiotherapy resistance in colorectal cancer through coordinating protective autophagy and apoptosis.

Cancer biology & therapy · 2026 · PMID 42324593

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks among the most prevalent malignancies globally, and radiotherapy remains a critical treatment modality. However, its efficacy is frequently compromised by acquired radioresistance. The endoplasmic reticulum chaperone protein BIP plays a pivotal role in regulating radioresistance by coordinating the balance between protective autophagy and apoptosis, though the regulatory roles of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in this process remain poorly understood. MATERIALS: Differentially ex…

DNA Methylation-Regulated FAM107A Affects Colorectal Carcinogenesis by Inhibiting FOXM1.

Journal of investigative surgery : the official journal of the Academy of Surgical Research · 2026 · PMID 41846456

INTRODUCTION: Family with sequence similarity 107 member A (FAM107A) has been reported to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and migration and enhance apoptosis; however, to our knowledge, the association between FAM107A and colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been explored. METHODS: CCK-8 assay, colony formation, EdU, flow cytometry assays were used to detect the cellular aggressive behaviors. FAM107A promoter methylation was analyzed by bioinformatics tools. The interaction between DNMT1 and FAM107A was explored by RT…

LINC00852 inhibits colorectal cancer progression by regulating cell apoptosis, epithelial‒mesenchymal transition, invasion, and cuproptosis through miR-1276/LACTB.

RNA biology · 2026 · PMID 41775345

Exploring the role of key genes in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression to identify effective targets is highly practical. Previous studies have shown that miR-1276/ACTB plays an important regulatory role in CRC. In addition to miRNA, lncRNA also play a crucial role in tumour progression. However, there are currently no studies exploring the relationship between lncRNAs and miR-1276/LACTB. Analysis of the relationship between lncRNAs and miR-1276 using ENCORI database showed that lncRNA-LINC00852 bound to miR-1276 a…

Circular RNA circ_0050102 promotes colorectal cancer progression via modulation of the miR-3622a-3p/BIRC5 signaling pathway.

Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) · 2026 · PMID 41481139

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a significant global health burden, requiring a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms that drive its progression. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have appeared as crucial regulators in cancer, with circ_0050102 as a potential functional molecule in CRC. The present study aimed to determine the diagnostic and functional implications of circ_0050102 in CRC pathogenesis. METHODS: The GSE172229, GSE205094, and GSE134834 datasets were used for the comprehensive analyses…

Discovery of N8: a novel IKKε inhibitor with potent anticancer activity via cytotoxicity, migration suppression, and autophagy modulation.

Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2026 · PMID 41492864

The serine/threonine kinase IKKε is overexpressed or activated in various cancers, making it a promising therapeutic target. Through a large-scale virtual screening of over 12 million compounds, we identified N8 as a novel IKKε inhibitor, selected for its favourable docking score and drug-likeness profile. The inhibitory activity of N8 on IKKε was validated in vitro across several cancer cell lines, including HCT116 (colorectal), HepG2 (liver), T24 (bladder), MDA-MB-231 (breast), A549 (lung), and HeLa (cervical). N…

Clinical study of pronase for improving visibility and safety in colonoscopy.

Chinese medical journal · 2026 · PMID 42260742

BACKGROUND: This is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled interventional clinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pronase in improving visibility in colonoscopy and to evaluate whether pronase can increase the detection rate of intestinal lesions and the colonoscopist's satisfaction. METHODS: From June 2023 to December 2023, a total of 1942 patients undergoing air insufflation colonoscopy in 10 hospitals (The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, et al ) were selecte…

Circadian Disruption as a Determinant of the Tumor Temporal State in Colorectal Cancer: A PRISMA-Based Systematic Review Integrating Metabolism, Immunity, and Metastasis.

International journal of molecular sciences · 2026 · PMID 42511510

Circadian rhythms synchronize physiological processes with the light-dark cycle and regulate biological functions relevant to cancer, including cell-cycle control, metabolism, DNA repair, immunity, and tissue homeostasis. Growing evidence indicates that disruption of these temporal mechanisms contributes to tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and treatment response. In colorectal cancer (CRC), circadian clock dysregulation has emerged as an important component of tumor biology. A systematic search identified…

ELECLA trial: final results of perioperative chemotherapy with fluoropyrimidine and oxaliplatin in mismatch repair proficient locally advanced colon cancer.

ESMO open · 2026 · PMID 42378717

BACKGROUND: The current standard of care for resectable locally advanced colon cancer (LACC) is based on upfront surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (AC). This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in this setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS: ELECLA is a multicenter, randomized, open-label, phase II controlled trial conducted across 12 hospitals in Spain between March 2017 and June 2024. This report presents the results of a preplanned interim analysis conducted after ear…

Multicenter randomized phase II study on S-1 and oxaliplatin therapy as an adjuvant after hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases (YCOG1001).

Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology · 2024 · PMID 38374403

PURPOSE: The high recurrence rate of colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRCLM) after surgery remains a crucial problem. However, adjuvant chemotherapy after hepatectomy for CRCLM has not yet been established. This study evaluated the efficacy of adjuvant therapy with S-1 and oxaliplatin (SOX). METHODS: In a multicenter, randomized, phase II study, patients undergoing curative resection of CRCLM were randomly enrolled in a 1:1 ratio to either the low- or high-dose group. S-1 and oxaliplatin were administered from d…

Phase III randomized placebo-controlled trial on repurposing olanzapine for prevention of radiotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (RINV): CTRI/2022/01/039723.

Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology · 2026 · PMID 42119640

PURPOSE: Prospective, double-blind, phase III randomized placebo-controlled study evaluated the efficacy of olanzapine in preventing RINV during abdominal-pelvic radiation therapy. METHODS: Patients receiving abdominal/pelvic RT without prior radiation were randomized to receive either olanzapine 5 mg or placebo once daily, alongside standard ondansetron (4 mg BID). Primary endpoint was nausea prevention; secondary endpoints included emesis control, rescue medication use, toxicity, anxiety, depression, and quality …

Short-Course Radiotherapy-Based Total Neoadjuvant Therapy plus Tislelizumab for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer (Neo-STAR): Early Outcomes of a Randomized Phase II Trial.

Cancer communications (London, England) · 2026 · PMID 42495710

Background: Short-course radiotherapy (SCRT)-based total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) is used for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). However, the pathological complete response (pCR) rate still hovers around 30%. Radiotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors have been shown to exert synergistic anticancer effects. This phase II randomized clinical trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SCRT followed by capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (CAPOX) and tislelizumab versus SCRT followed by CAPOX alone in LARC. M…

Randomized phase-II trial of surufatinib plus FOLFOX/FOLFIRI versus FOLFOXIRI as second-line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer.

Annals of medicine · 2026 · PMID 42421558

BACKGROUND: Second-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) typically involves oxaliplatin- or irinotecan-based doublet chemotherapy with or without anti-angiogenic antibodies. Triplet regimens such as FOLFOXIRI have demonstrated synergy and improved efficacy as first-line therapy. Surufatinib, an oral multi-kinase inhibitor targeting VEGFR1-3, FGFR1, and CSF-1R, may enhance chemotherapy efficacy. We evaluated surufatinib combined with doublet (FOLFOX/FOLFIRI) versus triplet (FOLFOXIRI) chemotherapy a…

Phase I Study of Telisotuzumab Adizutecan (Temab-A, ABBV-400), a Novel c-Met Antibody-Drug Conjugate, in Patients With Late-Line Colorectal Cancer and Advanced Solid Tumors.

Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2026 · PMID 42066233

PURPOSE: The antibody-drug conjugate Temab-A comprises the c-Met-targeting antibody telisotuzumab conjugated to a novel topoisomerase 1 inhibitor payload, adizutecan. A first-in-human phase I study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05029882) of Temab-A in patients with advanced solid tumors whose disease has progressed is currently ongoing. We report results from all patients in the dose escalation and the monotherapy metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) dose expansion. METHODS: Temab-A was administered intravenous…

Population Pharmacokinetic, Exposure-Response Efficacy and Safety Analyses of Favezelimab in Patients With Solid Tumors.

Clinical and translational science · 2026 · PMID 42397055

Favezelimab (MK-4280) is a humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3). Favezelimab population pharmacokinetics (popPK) was evaluated using data from 2 trials; a Phase 1 study evaluating favezelimab across a range of doses (7 to 800 mg administered intravenously [IV] every 3 weeks [Q3W]) in patients with advanced solid tumors, and a Phase 3 study evaluating 800 mg IV Q3W favezelimab combined with pembrolizumab (200 mg Q3W) in patients with programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) pos…

Antiparasitic agents in oncology: Innovative mechanisms, emerging evidence and clinical potential in cancer treatment.

European journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026 · PMID 42217373

The repurpose of established antiparasitic agents for oncological applications represents a promising and cost-effective strategy in the search for novel anticancer therapeutics. Drugs originally developed to treat parasitic infections, including ivermectin, mebendazole, niclosamide, albendazole, artesunate, flubendazole, and other antiparasitic agents, have demonstrated compelling anticancer properties across a wide range of preclinical models. Their mechanisms of action are multifaceted, encompassing disruption o…

Toxicity and Treatment Completion of Neoadjuvant FOLFOXIRI and Chemoradiotherapy in Patients With High-Risk Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Secondary Outcome Analysis of the MEND-IT Trial.

International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics · 2026 · PMID 41519403

PURPOSE: Total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) is a promising strategy to improve tumor response and oncological outcomes in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) , particularly in those with high-risk tumor characteristics. Although triplet chemotherapy (ie, FOLFOXIRI) is currently used exclusively for metastatic disease, it may offer benefits in the curative treatment of high-risk LARC by enhancing tumor response and reducing the risk of distant metastases. However, its broader use is limited by concerns …

Long-term Results of the North American Phase II Transanal Total Mesorectal Excision Multicenter Trial for Rectal Cancer.

Annals of surgery · 2026 · PMID 41773887

BACKGROUND: Transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) facilitates sphincter preservation in low rectal cancer. Preliminary results and functional outcomes from the North American multicenter phase II taTME trial (NCT03144765) have been published. Three-year outcomes are reported. METHODS: Patients with stage I to III rectal adenocarcinoma were enrolled across 11 centers (2017-2022). Endpoints included TME grade, 3-year overall survival, disease-free survival, cancer-specific survival, recurrence, late (beyond 90 …

Bone-sparing chemoradiotherapy for anal cancer - Results of a phase II trial by the Danish Anal Cancer Group - The DACG II (NCT05385250).

Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology · 2026 · PMID 42150737

INTRODUCTION: Radiotherapy-induced bone damage and pelvic insufficiency fractures (PIFs) are known complications from pelvic radiotherapy. In anal cancer (AC), PIFs have been reported in up to 50% of patients with associated pain. This multicenter phase II trial aimed to reduce PIF rates from 50% to < 35% using bone-specific MRIs and associated symptoms in AC. METHODS: Patients with localized AC eligible for curatively intended chemoradiotherapy (CRT) were prospectively included. Detailed bone substructure delineat…

Copanlisib in combination with nivolumab formicrosatellite stable colorectal cancer: a phase 1/2 trial.

Nature communications · 2026 · PMID 42493490

PIK3CA is mutated in ~15% of colorectal cancers (CRC). PI3K regulates immunity, inhibition potentially enhances anti-tumor immunity. We launched a phase 1/2 trial of copanlisib (PIK3CA inhibitor) and nivolumab (anti-PD-1) in metastatic microsatellite stable CRC (NCT03711058): Cohort A: PIK3CAwt (n = 17) and Cohort B: PIK3CAmut (n = 22). Copanlisib/nivolumab is well tolerated with recommended phase 2 dose of nivolumab 480 mg day 1 and copanlisib 60 mg days 1/8/15 of a 28-day cycle. Primary endpoint of objective resp…

Guanylyl Cyclase 2C-Targeted Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.

Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2026 · PMID 42241671

PURPOSE: The clinical efficacies of third- or later-line therapies for metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) are extremely limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cell targeting guanylyl cyclase 2C (GUCY2C) that was steadily expressed in all stages of CRC in a phase I study. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was an open-label, single-center, phase I study, consisting of a 3 + 3 pattern dose-escalation phase and a dose-expansion investigation. Tumor t…

Molecular Lineages of Sporadic Mismatch Repair-Deficient Colorectal Cancer.

Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026 · PMID 42013404

PURPOSE: Mismatch repair-deficient (MMRd) colorectal cancers are classified based on MMR protein loss and BRAFV600E mutations. BRAF wild-type sporadic MMRd tumors exhibit a diverse landscape of alternative oncogenes, including gene fusions, with unclear biological and clinical significance. We evaluated mutually exclusive subtypes of sporadic MMRd tumors defined by oncogenic mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) variants and gene fusions to determine the relationship among predominant genomic driver, MMR deficien…

Is Male Hypogonadism a Risk Factor for Cancer Through Weakening of the Immune System?

International journal of molecular sciences · 2026 · PMID 42511749

Male hypogonadism is associated with metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities, and emerging evidence implicates testosterone deficiency in immune dysregulation that may elevate cancer risk. To review current evidence on the relationship between male hypogonadism, immune function, and cancer risk, focusing on mechanisms linking testosterone deficiency to immune suppression and oncologic outcomes. PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and SciSpace were systematically searched (through April 2026) using predefined search …

Circulating Tumor DNA Dynamics in Patients with Liver-Limited Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Resected after First-Line Systemic Treatment.

Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026 · PMID 41973053

PURPOSE: Resection of liver metastases improves survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) with liver-limited disease (LLD), but relapse remains common. Postresection circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a valid prognostic biomarker; however, no data are available regarding the prognostic effect of presurgery ctDNA after upfront chemotherapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Patients (N = 116) with initially unresectable mCRC with LLD who underwent resection after upfront chemotherapy were included. Patients wer…

Predictors of Immune Checkpoint Blockade Response in dMMR Colorectal Cancer Using an Integrated Immune-Enhanced Multiomics Platform.

Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026 · PMID 41995725

PURPOSE: Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) induces frequent and durable responses in metastatic deficient DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) colorectal cancer, yet substantial molecular heterogeneity and resistance remain. We sought to identify candidate tumor- and immune-related biomarkers associated with clinical outcomes following anti-PD-1 therapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Consecutive patients with metastatic dMMR colorectal cancer (N = 39) treated with anti-PD-1 therapy underwent tumor profiling using a validated immune-en…

Causal relationships between gut microbiota, C-reactive protein levels and colorectal cancer: A Mendelian randomization study.

Medicine · 2026 · PMID 42410831

Gut microbiota have been associated with C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and colorectal cancer (CRC), but their causal relationships in humans remain unclear. We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to investigate causal relationships among gut microbiota, CRP, and CRC using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary data. The inverse variance weighted method was prespecified as the primary estimator, with complementary MR methods and sensitivity analyses used to assess robustness. Multiple-testing c…

Liposomal honokiol attenuates dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats through modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, and lipid metabolism pathways.

Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026 · PMID 42418059

Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and its progression is strongly associated with oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, dysregulated apoptosis, and impaired autophagy. Although honokiol (HNK) possesses promising anticancer properties, its therapeutic application is limited by poor bioavailability and low aqueous solubility. Therefore, this study investigated the potential of liposomal honokiol nanoparticles (HNK-LNPs) as an advanced nanotherapeutic strategy to e…

NMB+CXCL13+CD4+ T Cell-Derived Neuromedin B Promotes Neuropeptide S Receptor 1-Positive Malignant Cell Senescence and Malignancy.

Cancer immunology research · 2026 · PMID 42029557

Colorectal cancer with liver metastases remains a clinical challenge. CXCL13 is widely recognized as a biomarker of immunotherapy response. However, the functional heterogeneity (protumor vs. antitumor) of CXCL13+CD4+ T-cell subsets has long been controversial. Through integrated analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data from colorectal cancer clinical samples and pan-cancer datasets, combined with experimental validations, we first identified a prometastatic neuromedin B+ (NMB+)CXCL13+CD4+ T-cell subset and unco…

Effects of low and moderate doses of ionizing radiation on colon carcinogenesis: Experimental models and current evidence.

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer · 2026 · PMID 42114593

Millions of people are exposed annually to low and moderate doses of ionizing radiation (LMDR), mostly as a result of medical diagnostic procedures. These individuals may be at increased risk of developing colon cancer (CC), as predicted by the linear no-threshold model used for radioprotection. However, risk estimates derived from epidemiological studies remain subject to considerable uncertainty, necessitating a better mechanistic understanding of how LMDR may contribute to CC development. This review examines av…

Isobonducellin phytocompound from Artemisia annua L. plant exhibits anti-colorectal cancer activity via AKT1 regulation: an in-silico study.

Computers in biology and medicine · 2026 · PMID 42431013

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading contributors to cancer related mortality worldwide highlighting the need for novel therapeutic agents. This study investigated the potential anti-colorectal cancer activity of phytochemicals from Artemisia annua L. plant using an integrated in silico approaches. Gene expression analysis, ADMET screening, network pharmacology, molecular docking, density functional theory (DFT), molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and post-simulation trajectory analyses were employed to i…

Deciphering the potential molecular links between ochratoxin A and colorectal cancer: an integrated computational toxicological and single-cell transcriptomic study.

Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology · 2026 · PMID 42263871

BACKGROUND: Ochratoxin A (OTA), a common foodborne mycotoxin, is classified as a potential human carcinogen. However, the specific molecular mechanisms linking OTA exposure to colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis remain poorly understood. METHODS: We employed an integrative computational approach combining network toxicology, multi-cohort transcriptomic analysis, and machine learning to identify potential connections between OTA and CRC. Functional enrichment analysis was conducted to characterize the associated bi…

Efficacy and Safety of High Versus Low Ligation of the Inferior Mesenteric Artery in Colorectal Cancer Surgery a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

The Journal of surgical research · 2026 · PMID 42208212

INTRODUCTION: To assess the impact of high-tie (HT) versus low-tie (LT) ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery, with or without left colic artery (LCA) preservation, on surgical, oncological, and functional outcomes in colorectal cancer surgery. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 31 randomized controlled trials, cohort, and cadaveric studies (including 10 randomized controlled trials, 11 retrospective cohort studies, 9 prospective cohort studies, and 1 cadaveric study) was conducted. Outcomes inc…

Interventions targeting quality of life in patients with colorectal cancer and a fecal ostomy: A systematic review.

Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract · 2026 · PMID 42140309

BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing fecal ostomy surgery often struggle to adapt to life, particularly when the surgery is performed for colorectal cancer. Maladaptation to life with an ostomy is associated with psychosocial challenges that affect daily quality of life (QoL). The aim of this systematic review was to identify interventions that address the self-care education and psychosocial needs of patients with colorectal cancer living with an ostomy and to examine their efficacy and effectiveness. METHODS: A system…

Phase III randomized placebo-controlled trial on repurposing olanzapine for prevention of radiotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (RINV): CTRI/2022/01/039723.

Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology · 2026 · PMID 42119640

PURPOSE: Prospective, double-blind, phase III randomized placebo-controlled study evaluated the efficacy of olanzapine in preventing RINV during abdominal-pelvic radiation therapy. METHODS: Patients receiving abdominal/pelvic RT without prior radiation were randomized to receive either olanzapine 5 mg or placebo once daily, alongside standard ondansetron (4 mg BID). Primary endpoint was nausea prevention; secondary endpoints included emesis control, rescue medication use, toxicity, anxiety, depression, and quality …

Effects of a fasting-mimicking diet on long-term prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer undergoing radical resection: protocol for a multicentre, prospective, randomised controlled trial.

BMJ open · 2026 · PMID 42425570

INTRODUCTION: Given the metabolic vulnerability of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, periodic fasting-mimicking diets (FMDs) have emerged as a promising dietary strategy for improving clinical outcomes. Although preclinical studies have suggested that FMDs may suppress tumour growth and early-phase clinical trials have demonstrated their safety and feasibility, evidence regarding their effects on long-term survival outcomes in CRC remains limited because of certain constraints in patient cohorts and study designs. MET…

Bone-sparing chemoradiotherapy for anal cancer - Results of a phase II trial by the Danish Anal Cancer Group - The DACG II (NCT05385250).

Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology · 2026 · PMID 42150737

INTRODUCTION: Radiotherapy-induced bone damage and pelvic insufficiency fractures (PIFs) are known complications from pelvic radiotherapy. In anal cancer (AC), PIFs have been reported in up to 50% of patients with associated pain. This multicenter phase II trial aimed to reduce PIF rates from 50% to < 35% using bone-specific MRIs and associated symptoms in AC. METHODS: Patients with localized AC eligible for curatively intended chemoradiotherapy (CRT) were prospectively included. Detailed bone substructure delineat…

Sotorasib plus panitumumab and 5-fluorouracil in first-line treatment of patients with unresectable KRAS G12C mutated colorectal cancer unfit for a doublet/triplet chemotherapy: ENGIC 01 - PRODIGE 107 - FFCD 2306 - COLOSOTO trial.

Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver · 2026 · PMID 42069451

INTRODUCTION: 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) ± targeted therapy is a standard of care in frail/elderly patients with an unresectable colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC) in first-line setting. Panitumumab plus sotorasib combination (KRAS G12C inhibitor) are promising in advanced line in KRAS G12C-mutated CRC. Here we assess the safety and efficacy of 5-FU combination with panitumumab and sotorasib as first-line treatment in frail/elderly patients with unresectable KRAS G12C-mutated CRC. METHODS: In this ENGIC 01 - PRODIGE 107 - …

Interpretable Artificial Intelligence in Assisting Treatment Response Prediction for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy: A Prospective, Multicenter, Human-Model Interaction Study.

International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics · 2026 · PMID 41556864

PURPOSE: Preoperative assessment of pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant therapy is an urgent need for anorectal preservation in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Artificial intelligence assistance remains challenging due to a lack of prospective validation and reliable interpretability. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eligible patients with LARC were retrospectively collected. Radiomic features extracted from postneoadjuvant therapy magnetic resonance imaging were applied to train a Deep Res…

Global variation in emergency colorectal cancer surgery: Results from the APOLLO prospective cohort study in 39 countries.

Surgery · 2026 · PMID 41407598

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is increasing in low- and middle-income countries, necessitating improved worldwide access to acute oncologic care. This study aimed to evaluate global outcomes of emergency surgery in acute colorectal cancer. METHODS: The Acute Presentation of Colorectal Cancer-an International Snapshot study was a prospective international cohort study of adults acutely admitted with colorectal cancer (January-June 2023). Key outcomes included rates of urgent/immediate surgery, resection margin posit…

Organ Preservation in Rectal Cancer Management: A Prospective GRECCAR Snapshot Study.

Diseases of the colon and rectum · 2026 · PMID 42053078

BACKGROUND: Organ preservation strategies, including watch and wait and local excision, are increasingly adopted in rectal cancer management. Total neoadjuvant therapy improves complete response rates, potentially expanding organ preservation indications. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the real-world implementation of organ preservation strategies and short-term oncologic outcomes in patients with nonmetastatic mid- and low-rectal cancer in France. DESIGN: Prospective, multicenter, observational cohort stud…

Cell-Free DNA Analysis With Clinicopathologic Factors for Early Detection and Refining Lymph Node Metastasis Risk in T1 Colorectal Cancer: Results From the COSMOS-CRC Study.

JCO precision oncology · 2026 · PMID 42385102

PURPOSE: The Shield test is a blood-based assay that uses multimodal analysis of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) to enable noninvasive colorectal cancer (CRC) detection. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance of the cfDNA test for CRC and advanced precancerous lesions (APLs) and evaluate its potential clinical utility, particularly in early-stage disease. METHODS: In this prospective, multicenter study, 451 patients with histologically confirmed CRC or APLs were enrolled across eight institutions. Blo…

Outcomes of perforation after colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection in a large prospective multicenter cohort.

Endoscopy · 2026 · PMID 42119692

BACKGROUND : Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) offers better oncological outcomes and lower recurrence rates, but is limited in colorectal use owing to concerns about adverse events, especially perforation. This study aimed to explore the clinical burden and risk factors for perforation in a Western cohort. METHODS : Analysis of intraprocedural and delayed perforations from a prospective cohort study including 3770 colorectal ESDs performed at one Belgian and 12 French centers between September 2019 and Septem…

Longitudinal Associations Between Inflammatory Biomarkers and Fatigue in Patients With Colorectal Cancer: A Multicenter Study.

Cancer medicine · 2026 · PMID 42498976

PURPOSE: Fatigue affects up to 90% of patients with cancer during chemotherapy and persists in approximately 30% after treatment completion. This study examined the longitudinal associations between fatigue and 16 inflammatory markers in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) up to 3 years after surgery. METHODS: Patients with Stage I-IV CRC who participated in the prospective ColoCare cohort study were included. Fatigue was measured using the 3-item fatigue subscale of the European Organization for Research and Tre…

Cancer surgical outcome study in Ethiopia: A 7-day multicenter prospective observational cohort study.

PloS one · 2026 · PMID 42525629

BACKGROUND: Safe surgery is a fundamental quality indicator within the global surgery framework. Postoperative complications remain a leading global cause of disability, mortality, and economic loss, with a disproportionate impact on low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). OBJECTIVE: This study aims to generate robust epidemiological data on postoperative outcomes of cancer surgery in Ethiopia. METHODS: This study employed a 7-day national observational prospective cohort design. The study enrolled adult patients…

Quality‑of‑Life Outcomes of Appendicostomy-Colostomy Integration in Abdominoperineal Resection: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study.

Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2026 · PMID 42461514

BACKGROUND: Abdominoperineal resection (APR) for very low rectal cancer often causes long-term QoL issues due to a permanent colostomy and pelvic morbidity. Dual-stoma techniques, like appendicostomy-enabled irrigation, might enhance bowel control and psychosocial recovery, but these methods need more study in large prospective cohorts. OBJECTIVE: Appendicostomy with abdominal colostomy during APR improves long-term QoL without increasing complications. METHODS: A ten-year prospective cohort study across three Iran…

Association of four non-insulin-based insulin resistance surrogate markers with colorectal cancer risk: a large-scale prospective cohort study using the UK Biobank.

Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026 · PMID 42500127

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a persistent global health challenge, with a rising incidence strongly linked to metabolic dysfunction. Insulin resistance (IR), a hallmark of metabolic dysregulation, is a well-established driver of tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, the relative predictive value of distinct non-insulin-based surrogate markers of IR for CRC risk assessment remains poorly defined. METHODS: This prospective study analyzed data from 385,206 participants in the UK Biobank. Non-in…

Associations of Outdoor Air Pollution With Incidence of Cancers Other Than Lung Cancer in a Large US Prospective Cohort.

International journal of cancer · 2026 · PMID 42071337

Outdoor air pollution, including particulate matter (PM), is a Group 1 carcinogen based on evidence for lung cancer; however, evidence for other cancers is limited. Further research on cancer incidence rather than mortality endpoints is needed as well as examinations in non-smokers. In the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort, annual predictions of particulate and gaseous pollutant concentrations were assigned to residential addresses. Extended Cox regression estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence i…

Subclinical anxiety and depression and postoperative complications after major colorectal surgery: A 2-center study.

Surgery · 2026 · PMID 42224963

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients with cancer and inflammatory bowel diseases is reported to be 25%-40% and 25%-30%, respectively, and has been associated with multiple postoperative complications in different surgery types. METHODS: This is an observational, prospective, and case-control study conducted at 2 referral centers. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery for colorectal cancer or inflammatory bowel disease completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale be…

Impact of CRM-oriented specimen processing on lymph node retrieval: a prospective multicenter study evaluating the risk of a suboptimal lymph node yield in rectal cancer.

Surgery today · 2026 · PMID 41591526

PURPOSE: This prospective study evaluated the lymph node (LN) yield following CRM-oriented specimen processing, whilw paying particular attention to the proportion of cases with fewer than 12 examined LNs. METHODS: The Kanagawa Yokohama Colorectal Cancer Study Group conducted a multicenter prospective cohort study between 2021 and 2024. Patients with clinical stage II or III lower rectal cancer who underwent surgery without neoadjuvant therapy were enrolled in this study. This study reports a single-arm analysis of…

Root-Cause Analysis of Post-Endoscopy Esophageal Neoplasia in a Multicenter Prospective Barrett's Esophagus/Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Registry.

Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2026 · PMID 41115582

Endoscopic surveillance is pivotal for the detection of dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus (BE), the only known precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). However, the effectiveness of endoscopic surveillance remains suboptimal. Similar to post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC), post-endoscopy esophageal neoplasia (PEEN) is a potential explanation for this reduced effectiveness.1 PEEN is defined as BE-related high-grade dysplasia (HGD) or EAC detected before the next recommended surveillance endoscopy after a …

Evaluating quality of colorectal cancer surgery across elective and emergency health systems: secondary analysis of prospective cohort studies in 95 countries.

BJS open · 2026 · PMID 42483900

BACKGROUND: The Lancet Oncology Commission on Global Cancer Surgery recommended that access to and the quality of surgical care be improved. This study aimed to understand differences in surgical quality between emergency and elective resection among patients with potentially curative colorectal cancer. METHODS: This preplanned secondary analysis included patients undergoing only curative-intent surgery for colorectal cancer from three contemporary global prospective cohort studies (GlobalSurg-3, 5506 patients; Cov…

Perioperative Systemic Stress Phenotypes Predict Immune Recovery Failure, Molecular Residual Disease, and Long-Term Outcomes After Colorectal Cancer Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study.

World journal of surgery · 2026 · PMID 41917719

BACKGROUND: A major surgery represents a profound psychoneuroendocrine stressor that elicits coordinated inflammatory, immune, and metabolic responses. Although acute stress-related immune dysregulation is well-recognized, whether the magnitude and persistence of perioperative systemic stress phenotypes are associated with immune recovery failure, molecular residual disease (MRD), and long-term clinical outcomes, remains unclear. METHODS: In a prospective longitudinal cohort of 950 patients undergoing curative-inte…

Image-based consensus molecular subtypes and colon cancer recurrence: Understanding the impact of lifestyle factors across subtypes of colon cancer.

Cancer epidemiology · 2026 · PMID 42242067

AIM: We investigated associations between consensus molecular subtype (CMS) and colon cancer recurrence, and explored how the inflammatory potential of diet and lifestyle relate to recurrence across CMS subgroups. METHODS: A nested case-control study was implemented in two prospective cohorts of colon cancer patients. Cases were patients with recurrence (n = 167), and controls (n = 668) were matched using incidence density sampling. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumour tissue was used to determine image-based CM…

Systemic inflammation mediates the link between metabolic syndrome and colorectal cancer risk: insights from a large prospective cohort.

Postgraduate medical journal · 2026 · PMID 41609217

BACKGROUND: The relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and colorectal cancer (CRC) remains incompletely understood, with chronic inflammation hypothesized as a potential mediator. This study aimed to investigate associations among MetS, systemic inflammation biomarkers, and CRC risk, while focusing on the mediating role of inflammation. METHODS: Using data from 335 544 participants in the UK Biobank, we assessed associations between MetS, CRC risk, and six systemic inflammation biomarkers [neutrophil-to-lym…

Dysplasia in sessile serrated lesions: frequency, interobserver variability and added value of immunohistochemistry.

Histopathology · 2026 · PMID 41830338

AIM: Sessile serrated lesions with dysplasia (SSLd) are direct precursors of colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) but pose a diagnostic challenge. We aim to explore contemporary practice leading to recommendations to improve detection of dysplasia. METHODS AND RESULTS: (i) The frequency of dysplasia in SSLs was estimated through a nationwide study of individuals undergoing colonoscopy in the Netherlands (2014-2022). Out of 186 427 SSLs, 17 456 showed dysplasia, yielding a frequency of 9.4%. (ii) A national audit evaluating…

Integrated multitrajectory modeling of inflammatory, autonomic, sleep, and activity dynamics reveals distinct postoperative recovery endotypes associated with fatigue and sleep disturbance.

Journal of psychosomatic research · 2026 · PMID 42061274

BACKGROUND: Recovery after colorectal cancer surgery reflects interacting inflammatory, autonomic, sleep, and behavioral processes, yet these domains are typically evaluated in isolation. Whether they form reproducible multidomain recovery patterns and how such patterns relate to symptoms and disease-free survival (DFS) remain unclear. METHODS: In this prospective cohort, 292 patients (mean age 63.5 ± 9.2 years; 63.7% male) undergoing curative resection for stage I-III colorectal adenocarcinoma underwent repeated a…

Global prevalence and moderating factors of malnutrition in colorectal cancer survivors: A meta-analysis.

Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2026 · PMID 39878855

PURPOSE: This meta-analysis aims to estimate the global prevalence of severe, moderate, overall malnutrition and moderating factors of malnutrition in colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors. METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted in Embase, CINAHL, Medline-OVID, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception to February 8, 2024, without language, region, or publication date restrictions. A generalized linear mixed model and random-effects model were used to examine the pooled prevalence, and moderator analyses…

Outcomes reported in studies of anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions treatments: systematic review.

BJS open · 2026 · PMID 42400410

INTRODUCTION: Anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) is a precursor of anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC). Reported outcomes from treatment trials vary widely, limiting understanding of the effectiveness of different interventions. This systematic review aimed to summarize the outcomes reported in studies evaluating treatments in anal HSIL. METHODS: A systematic review of MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library (inception to June 2025) was conducted. Eligible studies evaluated any anal HS…

Immunonutrition in surgical patients with colorectal cancer: a systematic review.

Nutricion hospitalaria · 2026 · PMID 42023849

Introduction: surgery in patients with colorectal cancer often leads to complications, affecting recovery, prolonging hospital stay, and impacting quality of life. Immunonutrition plays an important role by modulating the immune system and may contribute to the reduction of these complications. Objective: to assess the effect of immunonutrient supplementation on complications in surgical patients with colorectal cancer. Materials and methods: a literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and …

Interventions targeting quality of life in patients with colorectal cancer and a fecal ostomy: A systematic review.

Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract · 2026 · PMID 42140309

BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing fecal ostomy surgery often struggle to adapt to life, particularly when the surgery is performed for colorectal cancer. Maladaptation to life with an ostomy is associated with psychosocial challenges that affect daily quality of life (QoL). The aim of this systematic review was to identify interventions that address the self-care education and psychosocial needs of patients with colorectal cancer living with an ostomy and to examine their efficacy and effectiveness. METHODS: A system…

Consolidation Chemotherapy After Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: 7-Year Follow-Up Results of a Randomized Multicenter Trial (KCSG CO 14-03).

International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics · 2026 · PMID 41548612

PURPOSE: Total neoadjuvant therapy has become the standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer. However, the optimal sequence and duration of treatment remain unclear. Hence, the long-term follow-up results from our previous randomized phase 2 trial on consolidation chemotherapy, which demonstrated improved short-term pathologic outcomes, could provide valuable clinical evidence supporting total neoadjuvant therapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The KCSG CO 14-03 trial is a multicenter, randomized trial involving…

Phase III randomized placebo-controlled trial on repurposing olanzapine for prevention of radiotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (RINV): CTRI/2022/01/039723.

Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology · 2026 · PMID 42119640

PURPOSE: Prospective, double-blind, phase III randomized placebo-controlled study evaluated the efficacy of olanzapine in preventing RINV during abdominal-pelvic radiation therapy. METHODS: Patients receiving abdominal/pelvic RT without prior radiation were randomized to receive either olanzapine 5 mg or placebo once daily, alongside standard ondansetron (4 mg BID). Primary endpoint was nausea prevention; secondary endpoints included emesis control, rescue medication use, toxicity, anxiety, depression, and quality …

Integrated psychosocial, sleep, and immunonutritional intervention improves psychological adaptation, sleep disturbance, and inflammatory activation in rectal cancer: a randomized controlled trial.

Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026 · PMID 41714581

BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing abdominoperineal or intersphincteric resection for low rectal cancer experience profound physiological and psychological stress. Conventional Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols mainly address surgical and metabolic factors but rarely target the host's psychosocial and immunometabolic recovery. STUDY DESIGN: In this single-center randomized controlled trial, 240 patients with stage II-III low rectal cancer (September 2019-September 2021) were randomized (1:1) to receive …

Combined psychological support and early enteral nutrition improve pain, sleep, and quality of life after colorectal cancer surgery: a randomized controlled trial.

Psychology, health & medicine · 2026 · PMID 41232571

To evaluate the effects of combined psychological intervention and early enteral nutrition support on postoperative pain management, sleep quality, psychological well-being, and quality of life in colorectal cancer patients. A total of 320 colorectal cancer patients undergoing surgery were randomized into intervention (n = 160) and control (n = 160) groups. The intervention group received standard care plus psychological intervention and early enteral nutrition support, while the control group received standard car…

Systematic review and adjusted indirect comparison of first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic colorectal cancer.

Farmacia hospitalaria : organo oficial de expresion cientifica de la Sociedad Espanola de Farmacia Hospitalaria · 2026 · PMID 42481259

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the first-line treatment of microsatellite instability or mismatch repair-deficient metastatic colorectal cancer through a systematic review and adjusted indirect comparison, determining whether they are equivalent therapeutic alternatives. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed and Embase following PRISMA 2020 recommendations. Phase III randomized controlled trials evaluating immune checkpoint inhibitors in …

Del immune V and microbiome restructuring in colorectal cancer surgery: a randomized double blind placebo controlled trial.

Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026 · PMID 42482993

INTRODUCTION: The gut microbiome is increasingly recognized as a central factor in carcinogenesis. Dietary components and therapeutic interventions, including probiotics, may influence microbial composition and function, thereby modulating cancer risk. Del-Immune V, a metabiotic supplement derived from Lactobacillus rhamnosus, has demonstrated immunomodulatory properties. This study investigates its role in microbiome restructuring and patient-reported outcomes in colorectal cancer patients during the perioperative…

Clinical efficacy of Mepilex Lite dressings combined with indomethacin suppositories in the treatment of acute radiation dermatitis caused by rectal cancer radiotherapy: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

BMJ open · 2026 · PMID 42532557

INTRODUCTION: Acute radiation dermatitis is a common adverse reaction in radiotherapy, especially in patients with rectal cancer undergoing radiotherapy. At present, acute radiation dermatitis of the perianal skin has received widespread attention; however, acute radiation skin injury of the anal canal skin has not received sufficient attention. These patients mainly complain of anal pain, which seriously affects their quality of life. Mepilex Lite dressings have been recommended for the treatment of acute radiatio…

Cost-Effectiveness of Fecal Immunochemical Testing Alone vs Co-Testing With Helicobacter pylori Stool Antigen.

JAMA · 2026 · PMID 42223961

IMPORTANCE: Helicobacter pylori infection is the leading cause of gastric cancer, yet the economic value of population-based screening and eradication remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To project the lifetime health benefits and costs of invitation to 1-time H pylori stool antigen testing added to biennial fecal immunochemical test (FIT) screening compared with FIT alone. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Lifetime cost-effectiveness analysis conducted using a Markov decision-analytic model to simulate a cohort informe…

Trimodal prehabilitation and psychological outcomes in colorectal cancer surgery: preliminary findings from a single-center randomized trial.

Frontiers in surgery · 2026 · PMID 42499628

INTRODUCTION: Surgery for colorectal cancer (CRC) entails significant physical and psychological stress. This clinical trial evaluated whether a trimodal prehabilitation program combining exercise, nutritional support, and psychological counseling could reduce anxiety and depression while improving health-related quality of life (HRQoL) within an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) pathway. METHODS: In this single-blind randomized controlled trial, an interim analysis was conducted on 45 patients undergoing elec…

Transanal irrigation for the management of low anterior resection syndrome (LARS): protocol for a pragmatic, multicentre, crossover randomised controlled trial.

BMJ open · 2026 · PMID 42425560

INTRODUCTION: Advances in surgical techniques and neoadjuvant care for rectal cancer have increased sphincter preservation, allowing restoration of bowel continuity through low anterior resection (LAR). However, up to 75% of patients experience low anterior resection syndrome (LARS), which is bowel dysfunction characterised by faecal incontinence, frequency, urgency and clustering of bowel movements, significantly impairing quality of life (QoL). Current management is largely empirical, using lifestyle or pharmacol…

Robotic right hemicolectomy with intracorporeal anastomosis versus laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with extracorporeal anastomosis (PRORHEM): protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

BMC surgery · 2026 · PMID 42420958

BACKGROUND: In laparoscopic right hemicolectomy (lapRHC) for colorectal cancer, intra-corporeal anastomosis (ICA) has been associated with faster recovery and lower incidence of incisional hernia (IH) compared with extra-corporeal anastomosis (ECA). However, due to technical constraints, ICA is not widely adopted, and ECA remains the standard approach. Robotic surgery, with enhanced dexterity and suturing capability, facilitates ICA and may therefore improve short-term outcomes and reduce IH incidence. METHODS: We …

Plant-Derived Polyphenols in the Fight against Colorectal Cancer.

Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry · 2026 · PMID 42405384

INTRODUCTION: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Despite advances in surgery, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies, many CRC patients experience limited efficacy, toxicity, or drug resistance. Thus, complementary therapeutic strategies with an improved safety profile are needed. Plant-derived polyphenols emerge as promising candidates for CRC treatment. METHODS: This review compiles in vitro, in vivo, and clinical evidence on the antica…

β-Glucans, Triterpenes and Nucleoside Analogs of Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms as Complementary Treatment in Diabetes and Cancer-A Review of Evidence from Clinical Trials.

Cancers · 2026 · PMID 42512356

There is a growing interest in preventive and complementary therapies to support health, increase the effectiveness of conventional medical treatments, and improve quality of life (QoL). This review summarizes the effects of β-glucans, triterpenes and nucleoside analogs of edible and/or medicinal mushrooms with results of clinical trials that investigated these effects in diabetes, breast-, prostate-, lung- and colorectal cancer patients. The results support that these components effectively alleviate symptoms and …

Comparative Outcomes of Loop Ileostomy and Loop Transverse Colostomy Following Curative Resection for Rectal Cancer.

Annals of African medicine · 2026 · PMID 42487311

INTRODUCTION: Temporary diversion of the fecal stream with a loop stoma is commonly performed to safeguard against an anastomotic failure and cause further complications. Commonly used stomas include loop ileostomy (LI) and loop transverse colostomy (LTC). Both of these techniques have their own complication profiles. This study highlights the comparison of patient outcomes and quality of life in these two stoma groups following curative resection for rectal cancer. METHODS: This randomized comparative study was ca…

A multidisciplinary virtual (p)rehabilitation model of care for colorectal cancer surgery.

World journal of surgical oncology · 2026 · PMID 42432694

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality globally, with surgery the primary curative treatment. Despite advances in medical care, postoperative complications are common, resulting in prolonged hospital stays, delayed recovery, diminished quality of life, and increased healthcare costs. This study aimed to develop a standardised, evidence-based, multidisciplinary virtual model of care for (p)rehabilitation (i.e., preoperative and postoperative rehabilitation) in colo…

Longitudinal Associations Between Inflammatory Biomarkers and Fatigue in Patients With Colorectal Cancer: A Multicenter Study.

Cancer medicine · 2026 · PMID 42498976

PURPOSE: Fatigue affects up to 90% of patients with cancer during chemotherapy and persists in approximately 30% after treatment completion. This study examined the longitudinal associations between fatigue and 16 inflammatory markers in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) up to 3 years after surgery. METHODS: Patients with Stage I-IV CRC who participated in the prospective ColoCare cohort study were included. Fatigue was measured using the 3-item fatigue subscale of the European Organization for Research and Tre…

Quality‑of‑Life Outcomes of Appendicostomy-Colostomy Integration in Abdominoperineal Resection: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study.

Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2026 · PMID 42461514

BACKGROUND: Abdominoperineal resection (APR) for very low rectal cancer often causes long-term QoL issues due to a permanent colostomy and pelvic morbidity. Dual-stoma techniques, like appendicostomy-enabled irrigation, might enhance bowel control and psychosocial recovery, but these methods need more study in large prospective cohorts. OBJECTIVE: Appendicostomy with abdominal colostomy during APR improves long-term QoL without increasing complications. METHODS: A ten-year prospective cohort study across three Iran…

Corrigendum to "The effect of hand-foot exercises on chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy-related pain, falls, and quality of life in colorectal cancer: A randomized controlled trial" [Europ. J. Oncol. Nurs. 71 (2024) 102641].

European journal of oncology nursing : the official journal of European Oncology Nursing Society · 2026 · PMID 42242932

Quality of life assessment for colorectal cancer follow-up: A latent profile analysis of EORTC measures.

Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland · 2026 · PMID 42494069

AIM: To identify distinct health-related quality of life (HRQoL) profiles among colorectal cancer (CRC) patients using patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), with the aim of informing more personalised follow-up strategies. METHODS: Baseline HRQoL data from CRC patients enrolled in the FUTURE-primary study, a multicentre implementation study on home-based follow-up, were analysed. Patients completed the EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-CR29 questionnaires. Aggregated symptom and function scales were developed using factor…

Validation and cutpoints of the treatment-induced neuropathy assessment scale (TNAS) in Chinese cancer patients: a prospective cohort study.

Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026 · PMID 42493739

OBJECTIVE: Treatment-induced peripheral neuropathy (TIPN) significantly impairs patients' quality of life, compromises the treatment process, and adversely affects prognosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Treatment-induced Neuropathy Assessment Scale (TNAS) and establish cutpoints in Chinese patients with cancer. METHODS: In a prospective cohort of 254 colorectal cancer patients receiving oxaliplatin, the TNAS was assessed for reliability and validity. Using patient-report…

Minimal long-term impact of anastomotic leakage on quality of life after anterior resection for rectal cancer: A population-based cohort study.

Scandinavian journal of surgery : SJS : official organ for the Finnish Surgical Society and the Scandinavian Surgical Society · 2026 · PMID 42473772

BACKGROUND: Anastomotic leakage after anterior resection for rectal cancer is associated with long-term morbidity, such as bowel dysfunction, but its impact on health-related quality of life remains insufficiently studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between anastomotic leakage and health-related quality of life 3 years after surgery. METHODS: In this population-based prospective cohort study, patients who underwent anterior resection for rectal cancer in Sweden between 2015 and 2017 were …

A comparison of overall survival from early-onset and late-onset colorectal cancer stratified by TNM stage: a systematic review.

British journal of cancer · 2026 · PMID 42082649

BACKGROUND: There is conflicting evidence whether survival outcomes are better for early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) or late-onset (LO) CRC. This review aimed to determine overall survival (OS) differences between EOCRC and LOCRC stratified by TNM stage. METHODS: EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE and Cochrane Library were searched using approved search terms for CRC, survival outcomes and early onset disease. Studies which compared OS between early- and late-onset CRC, irrespective of age cut-off, stratified by TNM stage, w…

Risk of lymph-node metastasis in early onset T1 colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal of gastroenterology · 2026 · PMID 42371097

BACKGROUND: Despite the increasing incidence of early onset T1 colorectal cancer (T1 CRC), its features remain poorly understood. We examined whether early onset T1 CRC is associated with a higher rate of lymph-node metastasis (LNM). METHODS: We included studies reporting age-specific LNM rates for patients aged < 50 and ≥ 50 years. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the impact of overlapping and selected subset datasets. Subgroup analyses were conducted to evaluate the association between clinicopatholo…

Comparison of Functional Outcomes Between Robotic and Laparoscopic Surgery in Rectal Cancer Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Journal of investigative surgery : the official journal of the Academy of Surgical Research · 2026 · PMID 42037577

BACKGROUND: Robotic and laparoscopic approaches are widely used for rectal cancer surgery. Although robotic systems provide enhanced visualization and dexterity, it remains unclear whether these advantages improve postoperative urinary and sexual function. METHODS: MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and CENTRAL (2000-2025) were searched for studies comparing robotic and laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery. Outcomes included postoperative ileus, urinary retention, and urinary and sexual function. Random-effects meta-an…

Incidence and outcomes of metachronous peritoneal metastasis in the setting of obstructing colon cancer: a systematic review.

European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology · 2026 · PMID 42335798

BACKGROUND: Colorectal peritoneal metastases are challenging to diagnose and confer a poorer prognosis than disease recurrence at other sites. Obstruction at presentation in colonic carcinoma is associated with worse survival outcomes. There is little data on its specific influence on the incidence of peritoneal recurrence, including by the varying strategies employed to address the obstruction. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was performed to investigate rates of peritoneal recurrence in obstructing…

Robotic-assisted versus standard laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer in obese patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Computer assisted surgery (Abingdon, England) · 2026 · PMID 41454717

Colorectal cancer represents a major global health concern and obesity adds complicates its surgical management. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the comparative effectiveness and safety of robotic-assisted surgery and standard laparoscopic surgery in obese colorectal cancer patients. A comprehensive literature search performed across databases from inception to April 2024. Pooled estimates included hospital stay duration, drainage tube removal time, first ventilation time, complication rates, re-admission rate…

Utility of Pelvic Peritoneum Closure After Minimally Invasive Low Anterior Resections for Rectal Cancer. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Journal of laparoendoscopic & advanced surgical techniques. Part A · 2026 · PMID 42011690

BACKGROUND: Anastomotic leakage (AL) after low anterior resection (LAR) remains a major determinant of postoperative morbidity, largely driven by the severity of its downstream consequences. Pelvic peritoneum closure (PC) has been proposed as an anatomy-based maneuver to restore pelvic compartmentalization after LAR, but its clinical impact has not been systematically quantified. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to a prespecified PROSPERO protocol and the Preferred Reporting I…

Systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis comparing multiple anastomotic techniques after total mesorectal excision in rectal cancer.

European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology · 2026 · PMID 42330709

BACKGROUND: Although several studies have performed pairwise comparisons of individual anastomotic techniques after total mesorectal excision (TME) for rectal cancer, there is a lack of comprehensive analyses, which simultaneously evaluate multiple techniques. This study aims to perform a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis to compare the various anastomotic methods used after TME. METHODS: This systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis included both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) a…

Total neoadjuvant therapy versus standard neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of long-term outcomes.

Surgical oncology · 2026 · PMID 42378863

BACKGROUND: Total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) is increasingly used for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), but most evidence is based on short- or intermediate-term follow-up. We evaluated whether TNT improves long-term disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), pathological complete response (pCR), locoregional recurrence (LR), and distant metastasis (DM) compared with standard neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). PATIENTS AND METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Tria…

Complete Mesocolic Excision Versus D2 Lymphadenectomy for Right Colon Cancer: A Bayesian Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials Assessing Surgical and Perioperative Outcomes.

Journal of laparoendoscopic & advanced surgical techniques. Part A · 2026 · PMID 41841469

INTRODUCTION: Complete mesocolic excision (CME) may increase lymph node retrieval and provide a more complete oncologic excision compared with D2 dissection, although its perioperative safety remains uncertain. This systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis compared clinical and operative outcomes between CME and D2 in right colectomy. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central were searched through November 2025. Randomized controlled trials comparing CME with D2 were included. Frequentist analyses used rand…

Single-stapling versus double-stapling technique for rectal anastomosis-meta-analysis.

BJS open · 2026 · PMID 42398078

INTRODUCTION: The single-stapling technique (SST) is an alternative to the conventional double-stapling technique (DST), particularly in low rectal surgery. This systematic review and meta-analysis compared anastomotic leak (AL) between SST and DST. METHODS: A systematic review of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar®, and Scopus databases was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines from inception through December 2025. The primary outcome of interest was AL. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to compare …

First-Line Immunotherapy Versus Chemotherapy in MSI-H/dMMR Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Phase III Studies.

Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2026 · PMID 42474934

BACKGROUND: Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) with microsatellite instability-high or mismatch repair deficiency (MSI-H/dMMR) demonstrates limited responsiveness to conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy but increased susceptibility to immune checkpoint inhibition. Although randomized phase III trials have shown superiority of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the first-line setting, a comprehensive synthesis of survival outcomes across key molecular and clinical subgroups remains warranted. METHODS: We conduct…

Outcomes of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors in Locally Advanced and Metastatic Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2026 · PMID 42397650

BACKGROUND: Anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) is a rare malignancy with rising incidence and limited systemic options in recurrent or metastatic disease. Although epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors show activity in other squamous cancers, their role in ASCC remains unclear due to fragmented evidence. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of EGFR inhibitors in adults with locally advanced or metastatic ASCC. METHODS: PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Clinica…

Computer-aided polyp detection multicenter international randomized controlled study with a focus on community clinics: Geriatric Assessment-Driven Intervention clinical trial.

Gastrointestinal endoscopy · 2026 · PMID 41548723

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Computer-aided polyp detection (CADe) systems can enhance polyp detection, although their performance has largely been evaluated at academic rather than community practices. This randomized controlled trial evaluated the impact of the DEtection of Elusive Polyps-2 (DEEP2) CADe system on colonoscopy quality metrics. METHODS: Participants undergoing routine colonoscopies were randomized to a control arm, standard-of-care high-definition white-light endoscopy (HD-WLE), or an intervention arm, HD-W…

Clinical study of pronase for improving visibility and safety in colonoscopy.

Chinese medical journal · 2026 · PMID 42260742

BACKGROUND: This is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled interventional clinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pronase in improving visibility in colonoscopy and to evaluate whether pronase can increase the detection rate of intestinal lesions and the colonoscopist's satisfaction. METHODS: From June 2023 to December 2023, a total of 1942 patients undergoing air insufflation colonoscopy in 10 hospitals (The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, et al ) were selecte…

Chemotherapy for patients with circulating tumour DNA-positive, stage II colon cancer (CIRCULATE)-an AIO/ABCSG trial.

Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology · 2026 · PMID 42225236

BACKGROUND: Adjuvant chemotherapy provides limited benefit in unselected stage II colon cancer. Post-operative circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) has higher prognostic value than classical clinical markers, with ctDNA positivity indicating an unfavourable outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with Union for International Cancer Control stage II, mismatch repair proficient/microsatellite stable colon cancer were tested for ctDNA using an academic, tumour-informed, next-generation sequencing-based test. ctDNA-positive …

Interventions targeting quality of life in patients with colorectal cancer and a fecal ostomy: A systematic review.

Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract · 2026 · PMID 42140309

BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing fecal ostomy surgery often struggle to adapt to life, particularly when the surgery is performed for colorectal cancer. Maladaptation to life with an ostomy is associated with psychosocial challenges that affect daily quality of life (QoL). The aim of this systematic review was to identify interventions that address the self-care education and psychosocial needs of patients with colorectal cancer living with an ostomy and to examine their efficacy and effectiveness. METHODS: A system…

A network meta-analysis of endocrine adverse events induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors in colorectal cancer.

Frontiers in immunology · 2026 · PMID 42500681

UNLABELLED: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy for colorectal cancer (CRC) can be accompanied by endocrine adverse events, yet the comparative risk across commonly used regimens remains unclear. We therefore conducted a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in CRC published up to November 22, 2025, estimating risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and assessing risk of bias. Six RCTs were included. Relative to conventional therapy, ICI-based regimens were associated with a high…

Quality assurance of surgical techniques for right colon cancer: Systematic review.

Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland · 2026 · PMID 41891400

BACKGROUND: Following the footprints of Bill Heald with total mesorectal excision (TME) in rectal cancers, Hohenberger applied the same approach to right-sided colon cancers by introducing the complete mesocolic excision (CME) resection. As a relatively new technique, there are few randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with no reporting of long-term oncological outcomes. Additionally, despite the available evidence defining the core principles of the technique, there are still variations in its application. This syst…

Efficacy and Safety of High Versus Low Ligation of the Inferior Mesenteric Artery in Colorectal Cancer Surgery a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

The Journal of surgical research · 2026 · PMID 42208212

INTRODUCTION: To assess the impact of high-tie (HT) versus low-tie (LT) ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery, with or without left colic artery (LCA) preservation, on surgical, oncological, and functional outcomes in colorectal cancer surgery. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 31 randomized controlled trials, cohort, and cadaveric studies (including 10 randomized controlled trials, 11 retrospective cohort studies, 9 prospective cohort studies, and 1 cadaveric study) was conducted. Outcomes inc…

Survival outcomes in POD1UM-303/InterAACT-2: a phase III study of retifanlimab plus carboplatin-paclitaxel in first-line advanced squamous anal cancer.

Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology · 2026 · PMID 42097353

BACKGROUND: In the primary analysis of the POD1UM-303/InterAACT 2 trial, median progression-free survival (PFS) was significantly longer with retifanlimab plus carboplatin-paclitaxel than with placebo plus carboplatin-paclitaxel in adult, systemic treatment-naïve patients with advanced/metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal (SCAC). In this article, the final overall survival (OS) data from PODIUM-303/InterAACT 2, along with subgroup and exploratory analyses, are presented. PATIENTS AND METHODS: POD1UM…

Outcomes reported in studies of anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions treatments: systematic review.

BJS open · 2026 · PMID 42400410

INTRODUCTION: Anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) is a precursor of anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC). Reported outcomes from treatment trials vary widely, limiting understanding of the effectiveness of different interventions. This systematic review aimed to summarize the outcomes reported in studies evaluating treatments in anal HSIL. METHODS: A systematic review of MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library (inception to June 2025) was conducted. Eligible studies evaluated any anal HS…

Consolidation Chemotherapy After Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: 7-Year Follow-Up Results of a Randomized Multicenter Trial (KCSG CO 14-03).

International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics · 2026 · PMID 41548612

PURPOSE: Total neoadjuvant therapy has become the standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer. However, the optimal sequence and duration of treatment remain unclear. Hence, the long-term follow-up results from our previous randomized phase 2 trial on consolidation chemotherapy, which demonstrated improved short-term pathologic outcomes, could provide valuable clinical evidence supporting total neoadjuvant therapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The KCSG CO 14-03 trial is a multicenter, randomized trial involving…

Effect of remimazolam on postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection for colorectal cancer: a randomized controlled trial.

BMC gastroenterology · 2026 · PMID 42215906

BACKGROUND: Our study aimed to compare remimazolam, midazolam, and no sedative on postoperative delirium (POD) incidence, cognitive function, inflammation, and recovery in elderly colorectal cancer (CRC) laparoscopic radical resection patients. METHODS: In this single-center, randomized, double-blind trial, 60 patients aged ≥ 60 years were assigned to the Control, Remimazolam, or Midazolam groups (n = 20 each). Anesthesia included remimazolam (6 mg/kg/h for 5 min), midazolam (0.04 mg/kg) before induction, or no sed…

Multicenter randomized phase II study on S-1 and oxaliplatin therapy as an adjuvant after hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases (YCOG1001).

Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology · 2024 · PMID 38374403

PURPOSE: The high recurrence rate of colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRCLM) after surgery remains a crucial problem. However, adjuvant chemotherapy after hepatectomy for CRCLM has not yet been established. This study evaluated the efficacy of adjuvant therapy with S-1 and oxaliplatin (SOX). METHODS: In a multicenter, randomized, phase II study, patients undergoing curative resection of CRCLM were randomly enrolled in a 1:1 ratio to either the low- or high-dose group. S-1 and oxaliplatin were administered from d…

Structured Exercise Program After Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Colon Cancer: A Cost-Utility Analysis of the CHALLENGE Trial.

Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2026 · PMID 42218651

PURPOSE: The phase III CHALLENGE trial (CCTG CO.21) demonstrated that a 3-year structured exercise program (SEP) improved disease-free and overall survival versus health education materials (HEM) in patients with stage III or high-risk stage II colon cancer after surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. We assessed the cost-effectiveness of the SEP versus HEM. METHODS: This prespecified economic evaluation used prospectively collected data from all trial participants (N = 889). The base case adopted the Canadian public p…

Comparison of Functional Outcomes Between Robotic and Laparoscopic Surgery in Rectal Cancer Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Journal of investigative surgery : the official journal of the Academy of Surgical Research · 2026 · PMID 42037577

BACKGROUND: Robotic and laparoscopic approaches are widely used for rectal cancer surgery. Although robotic systems provide enhanced visualization and dexterity, it remains unclear whether these advantages improve postoperative urinary and sexual function. METHODS: MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and CENTRAL (2000-2025) were searched for studies comparing robotic and laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery. Outcomes included postoperative ileus, urinary retention, and urinary and sexual function. Random-effects meta-an…

Hand-foot skin reaction as a positive prognostic factor in vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment.

British journal of pharmacology · 2026 · PMID 41967859

Hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR) is a common adverse effect of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGFR-TKIs), but its prognostic value remained disputable. In this study, we aimed to assess the association between HFSR and survival outcomes in cancer patients receiving VEGFR-TKIs. MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception to 29 June 2025. Two authors independently selected cohort studies, extracted data and appraised the r…

Robotic-assisted versus standard laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer in obese patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Computer assisted surgery (Abingdon, England) · 2026 · PMID 41454717

Colorectal cancer represents a major global health concern and obesity adds complicates its surgical management. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the comparative effectiveness and safety of robotic-assisted surgery and standard laparoscopic surgery in obese colorectal cancer patients. A comprehensive literature search performed across databases from inception to April 2024. Pooled estimates included hospital stay duration, drainage tube removal time, first ventilation time, complication rates, re-admission rate…

Complete Mesocolic Excision Versus D2 Lymphadenectomy for Right Colon Cancer: A Bayesian Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials Assessing Surgical and Perioperative Outcomes.

Journal of laparoendoscopic & advanced surgical techniques. Part A · 2026 · PMID 41841469

INTRODUCTION: Complete mesocolic excision (CME) may increase lymph node retrieval and provide a more complete oncologic excision compared with D2 dissection, although its perioperative safety remains uncertain. This systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis compared clinical and operative outcomes between CME and D2 in right colectomy. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central were searched through November 2025. Randomized controlled trials comparing CME with D2 were included. Frequentist analyses used rand…

Effect of remimazolam on postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection for colorectal cancer: a randomized controlled trial.

BMC gastroenterology · 2026 · PMID 42215906

BACKGROUND: Our study aimed to compare remimazolam, midazolam, and no sedative on postoperative delirium (POD) incidence, cognitive function, inflammation, and recovery in elderly colorectal cancer (CRC) laparoscopic radical resection patients. METHODS: In this single-center, randomized, double-blind trial, 60 patients aged ≥ 60 years were assigned to the Control, Remimazolam, or Midazolam groups (n = 20 each). Anesthesia included remimazolam (6 mg/kg/h for 5 min), midazolam (0.04 mg/kg) before induction, or no sed…

Multicenter randomized phase II study on S-1 and oxaliplatin therapy as an adjuvant after hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases (YCOG1001).

Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology · 2024 · PMID 38374403

PURPOSE: The high recurrence rate of colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRCLM) after surgery remains a crucial problem. However, adjuvant chemotherapy after hepatectomy for CRCLM has not yet been established. This study evaluated the efficacy of adjuvant therapy with S-1 and oxaliplatin (SOX). METHODS: In a multicenter, randomized, phase II study, patients undergoing curative resection of CRCLM were randomly enrolled in a 1:1 ratio to either the low- or high-dose group. S-1 and oxaliplatin were administered from d…

Addition of irinotecan to chemoradiotherapy as preoperative treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer (ARISTOTLE): a multicentre, open-label, phase 3, randomised controlled trial.

The Lancet. Oncology · 2026 · PMID 42508427

BACKGROUND: Locally advanced rectal cancer is routinely treated with neoadjuvant radiotherapy. Concomitant systemic anticancer therapy with standard fluoropyrimidines has not generally improved outcomes. Small studies reported high pathological complete response rates and acceptable toxicity using irinotecan and fluoropyrimidine chemoradiation. We aimed to explore the effect of the addition of concomitant irinotecan to standard-of-care chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. METHODS: ARIS…

Impact of oral nutritional supplements on chemotherapy tolerance and overall survival in postoperative colorectal cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition · 2026 · PMID 42521230

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of oral nutritional supplements (ONS) on chemotherapy tolerance and long-term survival outcomes in postoperative colorectal cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: This study was a secondary analysis based on a randomized controlled trial, and patients undergoing chemotherapy after hospital discharge were included. Patients in the ONS group received dietary advice as well as ONS for three months, w…

Essential Updates 2024-2026: Advances in Colorectal Cancer Surgery.

Annals of gastroenterological surgery · 2026 · PMID 42542855

Surgical innovation in colorectal cancer is increasingly judged not by technical feasibility alone, but by whether it improves oncological outcomes, preserves function, reduces morbidity, or makes difficult procedures more reproducible. This structured narrative review examines major surgical studies published from January 2024 through July 2026, while retaining earlier landmark reports when needed to interpret safety and implementation. The strongest recent randomized evidence concerns robot-assisted rectal cancer…

Randomized phase-II trial of surufatinib plus FOLFOX/FOLFIRI versus FOLFOXIRI as second-line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer.

Annals of medicine · 2026 · PMID 42421558

BACKGROUND: Second-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) typically involves oxaliplatin- or irinotecan-based doublet chemotherapy with or without anti-angiogenic antibodies. Triplet regimens such as FOLFOXIRI have demonstrated synergy and improved efficacy as first-line therapy. Surufatinib, an oral multi-kinase inhibitor targeting VEGFR1-3, FGFR1, and CSF-1R, may enhance chemotherapy efficacy. We evaluated surufatinib combined with doublet (FOLFOX/FOLFIRI) versus triplet (FOLFOXIRI) chemotherapy a…

Clinical efficacy of Mepilex Lite dressings combined with indomethacin suppositories in the treatment of acute radiation dermatitis caused by rectal cancer radiotherapy: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

BMJ open · 2026 · PMID 42532557

INTRODUCTION: Acute radiation dermatitis is a common adverse reaction in radiotherapy, especially in patients with rectal cancer undergoing radiotherapy. At present, acute radiation dermatitis of the perianal skin has received widespread attention; however, acute radiation skin injury of the anal canal skin has not received sufficient attention. These patients mainly complain of anal pain, which seriously affects their quality of life. Mepilex Lite dressings have been recommended for the treatment of acute radiatio…

Factors associated with changes in the quality of postoperative recovery after laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery in women: a linear mixed-effects analysis.

Journal of anesthesia · 2026 · PMID 41241702

PURPOSE: Laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer is performed globally. A 15-item quality of recovery (QoR-15) score is commonly used to evaluate postoperative recovery. However, women are particularly at risk for postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), anxiety and poorer overall recovery. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the factors associated with changes in postoperative QoR-15 scores based on clinical features in women undergoing laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery. METHODS: Women who underwent la…

Artificial intelligence-assisted detection and optical differentiation of colorectal lesions in Lynch syndrome surveillance (CADLY2): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled superiority trial.

The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026 · PMID 42462747

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI)-based computer-aided detection (CADe) systems improve adenoma detection in average-risk colorectal cancer screening. Meanwhile, evidence in Lynch syndrome surveillance is sparse and inconsistent. We assessed the effect of CADe on adenoma detection during Lynch syndrome surveillance. Computer-aided optical diagnosis (CADx) performance for optical differentiation of colorectal lesions was evaluated as a secondary aim. METHODS: CADLY2 was an international, multicentre, open-lab…

COMMIT: A Randomized Study of mFOLFOX6/Bevacizumab/Atezolizumab or Atezolizumab Alone as First-Line Treatment of Deficient DNA Mismatch Repair Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.

Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2026 · PMID 42525921

PURPOSE: Immunotherapy for frontline mismatch repair-deficient/microsatellite instability-high (dMMR/MSI-H) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is effective; however, nearly half of the patients treated with single-agent PD-1 therapy will progress within 12 months. Preclinical studies in CRC and clinical data from other cancers suggest that vascular endothelial growth factor inhibition and chemotherapy can synergize with PD-L1 inhibition. METHODS: The NRG-GI004/SWOG-S1610 (COMMIT) three-arm prospective phase III op…

Clinical translation of an immunomodulatory cell therapy that is designed to convert "cold" tumors to "hot": A phase 2B trial in 3L MSS/pMMR metastatic colorectal cancer.

Translational oncology · 2026 · PMID 42335577

BACKGROUND: A translational immunotherapy framework was designed to initiate sequential spatial and temporal immunomodulatory cascades using living, allogeneic, activated memory Th1 cells (AlloStim®), hypothesized to promote an immunomodulatory cascade in immunologically "cold" tumors. Microsatellite stable/proficient mismatch repair (MSS/pMMR) metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) represents an immunotherapy-refractory "cold" tumor archetype with historically low response rates. METHODS: To evaluate this framework, a…

A preliminary exploratory clinical study of Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang co-administered with irinotecan-based chemotherapy in advanced colorectal cancer.

Journal of ethnopharmacology · 2026 · PMID 42002120

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang (XCHT) is a classical multi-herb formula widely used for gastrointestinal symptoms and peptic ulcers. Our previous preclinical studies have shown that XCHT attenuated irinotecan-induced severe delayed-onset diarrhea (SDOD). However, the clinical safety of XCHT combined with irinotecan remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate the clinical safety of concomitant XCHT administration with an irinotecan-based regimen (FOLFIRI) in patients with advanced colorectal ca…

Level of Vascular Ligation for Sigmoid Colon Cancer: Does It Matter? The Pina Low-T Study.

Journal of surgical oncology · 2026 · PMID 42186358

BACKGROUND AND METHODS: In sigmoid colon cancer surgery, the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) can be ligated at its origin (high ligation, HLG) or distal to the left colic artery bifurcation (low ligation, LLG). While high ligation facilitates lymph node harvest and mobilization, it may compromise colonic perfusion and increase nerve injury risk. Low ligation preserves the LCA and may improve anastomotic blood supply. We conducted a retrospective multicenter study including patients who underwent sigmoidectomy for …

Associations of Outdoor Air Pollution With Incidence of Cancers Other Than Lung Cancer in a Large US Prospective Cohort.

International journal of cancer · 2026 · PMID 42071337

Outdoor air pollution, including particulate matter (PM), is a Group 1 carcinogen based on evidence for lung cancer; however, evidence for other cancers is limited. Further research on cancer incidence rather than mortality endpoints is needed as well as examinations in non-smokers. In the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort, annual predictions of particulate and gaseous pollutant concentrations were assigned to residential addresses. Extended Cox regression estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence i…

Evaluation of the postoperative analgesic effectiveness of erector spinae plane block ın patients undergoing robotic colorectal surgery: a prospective observational study.

Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) · 2026 · PMID 42525071

OBJECTIVE: As minimally invasive techniques, particularly robotic surgery, become more prevalent, effective postoperative pain management remains crucial in colorectal cancer surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an erector spinae plane block on postoperative pain management and opioid consumption in patients undergoing robotic colorectal surgery. METHODS: The study was designed as a prospective observational non-randomized study. After receiving ethical approval, 70 patients were evaluated p…

The choice of extraction site modulates the incidence of incisional hernia in colorectal surgery: a cohort analysis.

Updates in surgery · 2026 · PMID 40579630

Although minimally invasive surgery has significantly reduced the incidence of incisional hernia (IH) in colorectal procedures, the choice of specimen extraction site continues to pose a risk. This study explores how the location of extraction site influences the occurrence of IH in patients undergoing minimally invasive colorectal resections. We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study involving consecutive patients who underwent minimally invasive colorectal resection for colorectal cancer from 2013 t…

Quantitative assessment of skin disorders induced by panitumumab: a prospective observational study.

Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology · 2024 · PMID 38017207

PURPOSE: Acneiform rash is frequently observed in patients undergoing cancer treatment with anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody drugs and can often necessitate treatment discontinuation. However, the specific changes in skin parameters resulting from anti-EGFR antibody drug administration are poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to longitudinally and quantitatively evaluate the changes in skin parameters (transepidermal water loss [TEWL], hydration level, and sebum level) caused by anti-…

Risk Factors, Cancer Types and Prognostic Significance of Second Primary Cancer After Early-, Intermediate- and Late-Onset Colorectal Cancer: A Retrospective Study in a Chinese High-Volume Cancer Center.

Journal of investigative surgery : the official journal of the Academy of Surgical Research · 2026 · PMID 42300690

The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) is increasing worldwide, and CRC survivors may have an elevated risk of second primary cancer (SPC). This retrospective study analyzed 13,302 CRC patients diagnosed between 2008 and 2018 at a Chinese high-volume cancer center, including 635 (4.77%) who developed SPC after CRC. Patients were stratified by age at CRC diagnosis (<50, 50-69, and ≥70 years) to identify risk factors, cancer types, and prognostic significance of SPC. Multivariable Cox analysis showed …

Propensity-Score Matched Analysis of Short-term Outcomes of Laparoscopic Compared to Open Surgery in Octogenarian and Nonagenarian Patients With Colon Cancer.

The American surgeon · 2026 · PMID 41964557

BackgroundLaparoscopy has become standard treatment for colorectal cancer. Elderly patients with comorbidities may have additional risks associated with laparoscopic surgery given their frailty and functional status. We aimed to investigate the safety and benefits of laparoscopic surgery for colon cancer in patients ≥80 years with significant medical comorbidities.MethodsThe NCDB was searched for patients ≥80 years with stage I-III colon cancer who underwent radical resection from 2010-2019. Patients were classifie…

Robotic-Assisted Compared to Laparoscopic Resection of Rectal Cancer in Patients Aged ≥65 Years: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis of the NCDB.

Journal of laparoendoscopic & advanced surgical techniques. Part A · 2026 · PMID 41991474

BACKGROUND: Older adults constitute a large proportion of patients with rectal cancer, yet rectal-specific comparative data on minimally invasive approaches remain limited. This study compared outcomes of laparoscopic versus robotic rectal resection in patients aged ≥65 years. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with stage I-III rectal adenocarcinoma from the U.S. National Cancer Database (NCDB) from 2010 to 2021. Patients undergoing laparoscopic or robotic-assisted surgery were identified an…

Dietary inflammatory index predicts cancer mortality in male patients but not female patients: Results from NHANES 1999 to 2014.

Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.) · 2025 · PMID 39946775

This study explored sex differences between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and cancer prognosis and their mechanisms. We hypothesized that association between dietary inflammatory index and cancer prognosis differs by sex. The study included 2874 adults with cancer from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey covering 1999 to 2014. Mortality status was linked to National Death Index mortality data through 31 December 2019. Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to calculate hazard ri…

Clinical study of pronase for improving visibility and safety in colonoscopy.

Chinese medical journal · 2026 · PMID 42260742

BACKGROUND: This is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled interventional clinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pronase in improving visibility in colonoscopy and to evaluate whether pronase can increase the detection rate of intestinal lesions and the colonoscopist's satisfaction. METHODS: From June 2023 to December 2023, a total of 1942 patients undergoing air insufflation colonoscopy in 10 hospitals (The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, et al ) were selecte…

Chemotherapy for patients with circulating tumour DNA-positive, stage II colon cancer (CIRCULATE)-an AIO/ABCSG trial.

Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology · 2026 · PMID 42225236

BACKGROUND: Adjuvant chemotherapy provides limited benefit in unselected stage II colon cancer. Post-operative circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) has higher prognostic value than classical clinical markers, with ctDNA positivity indicating an unfavourable outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with Union for International Cancer Control stage II, mismatch repair proficient/microsatellite stable colon cancer were tested for ctDNA using an academic, tumour-informed, next-generation sequencing-based test. ctDNA-positive …

Short-term linaclotide plus polyethylene glycol in patients at increased risk of inadequate bowel preparation: A randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial.

Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver · 2026 · PMID 41692643

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The benefit of combining linaclotide with polyethylene glycol (PEG) for improving bowel preparation quality and adenoma detection in patients at risk for inadequate bowel preparation remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate its efficacy and safety. METHODS: From August 2022 to July 2023, a multicenter, randomized trial assigned participants to a 2-day linaclotide or placebo plus PEG regimen. The primary endpoints included adequate bowel preparation rate and mean number of adenomas detecte…

Dynamic ctDNA Monitoring Guides Early Treatment Intensification in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026 · PMID 41556959

PURPOSE: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) has been accepted as the standard management for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) without high-risk factors. However, many patients experience poor pathologic response, necessitating early-prediction tools. We investigated dynamic circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis for early response monitoring in patients with LARC undergoing NCT. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: In this biomarker substudy of the multicenter randomized COPEC trial, 153 patients with low-/intermediate-risk LARC …

Exploratory Analysis of Urinary and Sexual Dysfunction in Patients With Low Anterior Resection Syndrome Undergoing Sacral Neuromodulation: Insights From the SANLARS Trial.

Diseases of the colon and rectum · 2026 · PMID 41538382

BACKGROUND: Limited evidence is available on the effects of sacral neuromodulation on concomitant nondigestive symptoms of low anterior resection syndrome. OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of sacral neuromodulation on urinary and sexual dysfunction in patients with low anterior resection syndrome. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of a randomized, double-blinded, 2-phased, controlled, multicenter crossover trial (NCT02517853). SETTINGS: Three tertiary hospitals. PATIENTS: Patients with major low anterior resection syndrome…

Optimal endoscopic treatment for rectal neuroendocrine tumors, confirmed after forceps biopsy: a Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases multicenter, randomized noninferiority trial.

Gastrointestinal endoscopy · 2026 · PMID 41338400

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Insufficient submucosal lifting because of pretreatment with forceps biopsy frequently complicates endoscopic treatment of rectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and potentially affects procedural outcomes. Despite advances in endoscopic techniques, the optimal approach for achieving R0 resection in such cases remains to be clarified. This study aimed to investigate the optimal endoscopic technique for treating biopsy-proven rectal NETs ≤10 mm. METHODS: A multicenter, randomized noninferiority stu…

Consolidation Chemotherapy After Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: 7-Year Follow-Up Results of a Randomized Multicenter Trial (KCSG CO 14-03).

International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics · 2026 · PMID 41548612

PURPOSE: Total neoadjuvant therapy has become the standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer. However, the optimal sequence and duration of treatment remain unclear. Hence, the long-term follow-up results from our previous randomized phase 2 trial on consolidation chemotherapy, which demonstrated improved short-term pathologic outcomes, could provide valuable clinical evidence supporting total neoadjuvant therapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The KCSG CO 14-03 trial is a multicenter, randomized trial involving…

Promoting shared decision-making in colorectal cancer screening in primary care: A cluster randomized controlled trial.

PloS one · 2026 · PMID 42263092

INTRODUCTION: In Switzerland, primary care physicians (PCP) prescribe colonoscopy for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rather than offering a choice between colonoscopy and faecal occult blood test (FOBT). This study evaluated a training program promoting shared decision-making for CRC screening. METHODS: PCP from a research network were randomized 1:1 into intervention or control. The intervention group received study materials, patient decision aids, evidence summary, FOBT sample kit, and personalized feedback o…

Tumor Debulking in Combination With Chemotherapy in Multiorgan Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: The ORCHESTRA Randomized Clinical Trial.

JAMA · 2026 · PMID 41837962

IMPORTANCE: Local therapy, including surgery, radiation, and ablation, is increasingly used in patients with multiorgan metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, prospective evidence for a survival benefit of tumor debulking is lacking. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether tumor debulking added to palliative chemotherapy improves survival of patients with multiorgan mCRC. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This investigator-initiated, open-label, multicenter, randomized clinical trial enrolled patients with multio…

Prevention of Parastomal Hernia With Funnel-Shaped Intra-Abdominal Mesh vs No Mesh for Rectal Adenocarcinoma Surgery: 3-Year Follow-Up of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

JAMA surgery · 2026 · PMID 42018309

IMPORTANCE: Parastomal hernia (PSH) is one of the most common complications after permanent colostomy, yet there is ongoing debate regarding the effectiveness and indications of preventive measures. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of funnel-shaped mesh in preventing PSH over a 3-year follow-up period. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The Chimney Trial was a randomized, single-blinded, multicenter study conducted at 4 university and central hospitals in Finland and 1 central hospital in Sweden.…

Assessing the Impact of Media Coverage of the NordICC Trial on Public Perspectives on Colonoscopy for Colorectal Cancer Screening.

Journal of clinical gastroenterology · 2026 · PMID 39907707

INTRODUCTION: Screening tests like colonoscopy can prevent colorectal cancer (CRC), yet their effectiveness is often questioned. The Nordic-European Initiative on Colorectal Cancer (NordICC) trial demonstrated that colonoscopy significantly reduces CRC incidence and mortality in per-protocol analysis. However, media coverage of the trial often focused on intention-to-screen findings that showed no change in mortality, possibly contributing to public confusion about colonoscopy benefits. This study aimed to assess w…

Effect of remimazolam on postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection for colorectal cancer: a randomized controlled trial.

BMC gastroenterology · 2026 · PMID 42215906

BACKGROUND: Our study aimed to compare remimazolam, midazolam, and no sedative on postoperative delirium (POD) incidence, cognitive function, inflammation, and recovery in elderly colorectal cancer (CRC) laparoscopic radical resection patients. METHODS: In this single-center, randomized, double-blind trial, 60 patients aged ≥ 60 years were assigned to the Control, Remimazolam, or Midazolam groups (n = 20 each). Anesthesia included remimazolam (6 mg/kg/h for 5 min), midazolam (0.04 mg/kg) before induction, or no sed…

Predictive Role of Circulating Tumor DNA in Stage III Colon Cancer Treated With Celecoxib: A Post Hoc Analysis of the CALGB (Alliance)/SWOG 80702 Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial.

JAMA oncology · 2026 · PMID 41343176

IMPORTANCE: Observational studies have associated use of aspirin and selective cyclooxygenase inhibitors with decreased recurrence and improved survival in patients with colon cancer. While randomized clinical trials have not shown benefit across all patients, these findings suggest that select subgroups may benefit from their use. Despite the well-established prognostic value of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), its role in guiding treatment remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the predictive value of postopera…

Efficacy of artificial intelligence for adenoma detection in water exchange colonoscopy: a two-center randomized controlled trial.

Endoscopy · 2026 · PMID 40789324

BACKGROUND: Water exchange and artificial intelligence-based computer-aided detection (CADe) separately improve the adenoma detection rate (ADR) and number of adenomas detected per colonoscopy (APC). We aimed to determine whether combining water exchange with CADe enhanced APC versus water exchange alone. METHODS: This randomized controlled trial was conducted at hospitals in Italy and Taiwan using different CADe devices. Patients aged 45–75 years undergoing colonoscopy for screening, surveillance, or positive feca…

Intravenous lidocaine for gastrointestinal recovery after colorectal surgery: the ALLEGRO placebo-controlled randomised trial and cost-effectiveness analysis.

Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2026 · PMID 41731962

BACKGROUND: Delayed return of gut function after colonic resection is a common impediment to early postoperative recovery. Small clinical studies, combined into meta-analyses, have suggested that intravenous lidocaine can improve return of gut function after colorectal surgery. OBJECTIVE(S): To determine the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of perioperative intravenous lidocaine infusion compared with placebo in return of gut function after elective minimally invasive colonic resection. DESIGN AND METH…

Impact of sex on efficacy and safety of 1st-line treatment with FOLFIRI plus cetuximab or bevacizumab in RAS/BRAF wildtype metastatic colorectal cancer - A subgroup analysis of the FIRE-3 (AIO KRK-0306) trial.

European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) · 2026 · PMID 41319450

BACKGROUND: Clinical trials in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) are usually conducted irrespectively of sex. However, differences relating to safety and efficacy in the treatment of mCRC between male and female patients are of growing interest. METHODS: The randomized FIRE-3 study compared first-line treatment with folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) plus cetuximab to FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab in patients with RAS wildtype (RAS WT) mCRC. The present analysis focusses on the impact of sex and pri…

Effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine combined with stellate ganglion block in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer.

Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems · 2026 · PMID 41489352

We aimed to expound the effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine (Dex) combined with stellate ganglion block (SGB) on postoperative pain, sleep quality, and serum orexin A levels in patients undergoing general anaesthesia for laparoscopic radical resection for colorectal cancer (CRC).This prospective randomised controlled trial enrolled 320 CRC patients, randomly assigned to four groups (n = 80): control (0.9% NaCl + SGB), and three Dex groups receiving low, medium, or high Dex infusion (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 µg/k…

Minimum 18-week chemotherapy improves survival in locally advanced rectal cancer after neoadjuvant radiotherapy: a post hoc analysis of the STELLAR trial.

BMC medicine · 2026 · PMID 41742206

BACKGROUND: The survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy after chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) remains unproven, whereas total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) incorporating preoperative chemotherapy has demonstrated improved outcomes. However, the total chemotherapy duration delivered across neoadjuvant and adjuvant phases varies substantially in clinical practice. We investigated the impact of total chemotherapy duration in the STELLAR trial. METHODS: This post hoc analysis was based on the p…

Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy vs Upfront Surgery in Patients With Locally Advanced Colon Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

JAMA surgery · 2026 · PMID 41779406

IMPORTANCE: Locally advanced colon cancer carries a high risk of recurrence. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been proposed to improve outcomes, but evidence from phase III trials remains limited. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy improves disease-free survival (DFS) compared with upfront surgery in patients with locally advanced colon cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This randomized, open-label, phase III clinical trial conducted from October 14, 2013, to November 27, 2020, with follow…

Cold snare polypectomy for 10-19 mm colorectal adenomas in familial adenomatous polyposis: a prospective randomized controlled trial.

Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology · 2026 · PMID 41736450

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Evidence for cold snare polypectomy (CSP) in treating 10-19 mm colorectal adenomas in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is limited. This study compared the efficacy and safety of CSP vs. hot snare polypectomy (HSP). METHODS: This prospective non-inferiority randomized controlled trial predefined a non-inferiority margin of 4%. A total of 452 colorectal adenomas (10-19 mm) from 41 FAP patients were enrolled between May 2024 and May 2025 and randomized 1:1 to CSP (n = 220) or HSP…

Application of one-stitch modified ileostomy in laparoscopic low anterior rectal resection: An open-label, randomized clinical trial.

Surgery · 2026 · PMID 41253074

BACKGROUND: To reduce anastomotic leakage risk, protective ileostomy is commonly used. This study aims to compare the clinical advantages of one-stitch modified ileostomy and conventional ileostomy in patients with rectal cancer. METHODS: This study was designed as a single-center, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded endpoint (PROBE) trial (Registration No. ChiCTR1900025444). A total of 189 patients were enrolled: 93 cases in the conventional ileostomy group and 96 cases in the one-stitch modified ileostom…

Accuracy and reliability of preoperative CT in perforated diverticulitis: Post hoc secondary analysis from the SCANDIV trial.

Scandinavian journal of surgery : SJS : official organ for the Finnish Surgical Society and the Scandinavian Surgical Society · 2026 · PMID 41692579

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Undetected cancers and fecal contamination in perforated diverticulitis may lead to failure of laparoscopic lavage. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of preoperative computed tomography (CT) examinations and the interobserver agreement for detecting colonic malignancy and fecal contamination in patients with perforated diverticulitis. METHODS: This study included 198 patients with suspected perforated diverticulitis from the SCANDIV trial, randomized to laparoscopic lavage or…

Nonavalent HPV vaccine to prevent recurrent anal or vulvar high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (VIVA trial): A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

International journal of cancer · 2026 · PMID 41685810

The nonavalent human papillomavirus (9vHPV) vaccine protects against HPV infection and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) when administered prior to exposure, but evidence supporting its potential therapeutic benefit has been inconsistent. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated whether the 9vHPV vaccine reduces recurrence of HSIL or HPV persistence in 27-69-year-old persons previously treated for anal or vulvar HSIL. Participants were HSIL-free at enrollment and received 9…

The ILEOSTIM trial: A multicentre randomised controlled trial evaluating the impact of efferent loop stimulation prior to ileostomy reversal on postoperative ileus.

Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland · 2026 · PMID 42092745

BACKGROUND: Strategies to optimise bowel function before stoma reversal surgery (SRS) are needed to improve postoperative outcomes. Efferent bowel stimulation (EBS) prior to stoma closure has been proposed as a potential strategy to reduce postoperative ileus (POI) incidence and improve the patient's postoperative course. METHODS: A multicentre randomised controlled trial was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of pre-SRS EBS in reducing POI incidence. Patients scheduled for elective SRS were randomised 1:1 to e…

Cost-effectiveness of the gluteal turnover flap for perineal wound closure after abdominoperineal resection: randomized clinical trial.

BJS open · 2026 · PMID 42308016

BACKGROUND: In rectal cancer patients undergoing abdominoperineal resection (APR), a gluteal turnover flap has been proposed to reduce perineal morbidity; however, its cost-effectiveness remains unclear. This multicentre randomized clinical trial evaluated the cost-effectiveness of perineal closure with a gluteal turnover flap compared with primary closure after APR for rectal cancer. METHODS: This secondary analysis of the BIOPEX-2 trial enrolled patients undergoing APR for rectal cancer at 19 hospitals (18 in the…