Alexandria Medical Evidence Library
Library/Viral infections/HIV Infection

Viral infections evidence library

HIV Infection

A living PubMed evidence library for HIV prevention, antiretroviral therapy, long-acting treatment, resistance, comorbidities, and cure research.

PubMed only Research ranked Conflicts shown Data downloadable

Living evidence synopsis

What the current PubMed collection shows.

Alexandria currently organizes 817 non-retracted PubMed-indexed records for HIV Infection. The structured collection includes 7 guideline or consensus records, 98 evidence syntheses/systematic reviews/meta-analyses, and 119 randomized or phase III studies. 309 records were identified by the configured last-24-month search. Conflict-of-interest statements are available in the PubMed record for 624 of 817 included records.

Engine 0.3.2 Snapshot v6 Updated 2026-08-31 Download source data · CSV
PubMed records817Non-retracted records included
Last 24 months309Records found by the recent-research search
High-priority evidence217Syntheses, reviews, randomized and phase III studies
Effect estimates199Machine-readable values extracted from abstracts
COI statements76.4%Coverage within PubMed records
Funding records271PMIDs with grant/funding metadata
Evidence data

Research landscape

Charts are generated from Alexandria’s structured PubMed records, not copied from journal figures.

Publication activity

Records by publication year

Latest 12 represented years
1
2002
1
2017
1
2018
1
2019
1
2020
10
2021
15
2022
11
2023
10
2024
25
2025
741
2026
Evidence composition

Study designs

Other or unclassified416
Randomized trials116
Preclinical/laboratory61
Meta-analyses59
Systematic reviews39
Cohort studies31
Prospective cohorts31
Case reports23
Observational studies22
Clinical guidelines7
Transparency

Conflict-of-interest reporting

Reported no conflicts299
COI statement present251
Not reported in PubMed record193
Declared financial/industry relationship74

Absence of a conflict-of-interest statement in PubMed does not establish that no conflict existed.

Abstract result signals

Extracted result direction

Not extractable from abstract738
Neutral/null signal33
Harm signal32
Supportive signal10
Mixed signal4
Reported outcomes

Numerical results extracted from PubMed abstracts

Each value remains attached to its original PMID. Alexandria does not pool these results or imply that unlike populations and endpoints are directly comparable.

Non-pooled ratio measures

Hazard, risk, and odds ratios reported in abstracts

Reference = 1.0
0.250.51.02.04.0
not_reported Odds Ratio · PMID 41501688 · 2026
1.68
not_reported Odds Ratio · PMID 41558587 · 2026
12.00
not_reported Hazard Ratio · PMID 42035811 · 2026
1.35 95% CI 1.23–1.48
not_reported Hazard Ratio · PMID 42035811 · 2026
1.64 95% CI 1.42–1.89
not_reported Hazard Ratio · PMID 42035811 · 2026
1.48 95% CI 1.22–1.79
not_reported Hazard Ratio · PMID 42035811 · 2026
1.34 95% CI 1.22–1.48
mortality Odds Ratio · PMID 42044607 · 2026
2.43 95% CI 1.24–4.76
not_reported Hazard Ratio · PMID 42160032 · 2026
1.57 95% CI 0.92–2.68
not_reported Hazard Ratio · PMID 42160032 · 2026
3.24 95% CI 1.11–9.55
not_reported Odds Ratio · PMID 41795223 · 2026
2.40
not_reported Odds Ratio · PMID 42034071 · 2026
1.65 95% CI 1.39–1.95
not_reported Odds Ratio · PMID 41983677 · 2026
5.00
not_reported Risk Ratio · PMID 41983677 · 2026
0.55
not_reported Risk Ratio · PMID 41983677 · 2026
0.75
View extracted numerical results 60
PublicationOutcomeMeasureReported valueSource
Baseline determinants of adherence for drug-sensitive TB treatment in a South African prospective cohort: a focus on HIV infection and anti-retroviral therapy, clinical care access, and TB stigma.BMC infectious diseases · 2026 not_reported Odds Ratio 1.68 PMID 41501688
Assessing the impact of nicotinic partial agonists compared to NRT on opioid and cigarette use: A secondary analysis investigating treatment outcomes for co-occurring nicotine and opioid use.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2026 not_reported Odds Ratio 12.0 PMID 41558587
Syphilis infection and incident dementia in two real-world cohorts: A harmonized propensity-matched analysis in Taiwan NHIRD and TriNetX Asia-Pacific.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026 not_reported Hazard Ratio 1.35 95% CI 1.23–1.48 PMID 42035811
Syphilis infection and incident dementia in two real-world cohorts: A harmonized propensity-matched analysis in Taiwan NHIRD and TriNetX Asia-Pacific.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026 not_reported Hazard Ratio 1.64 95% CI 1.42–1.89 PMID 42035811
Syphilis infection and incident dementia in two real-world cohorts: A harmonized propensity-matched analysis in Taiwan NHIRD and TriNetX Asia-Pacific.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026 not_reported Hazard Ratio 1.48 95% CI 1.22–1.79 PMID 42035811
Syphilis infection and incident dementia in two real-world cohorts: A harmonized propensity-matched analysis in Taiwan NHIRD and TriNetX Asia-Pacific.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026 not_reported Hazard Ratio 1.34 95% CI 1.22–1.48 PMID 42035811
Prevalence of HIV-associated histoplasmosis in the Guiana Shield: A prospective study.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2026 mortality Percentage Comparison 17.5percent vs 8.4percent PMID 42162706
Using inability to walk to predict in-hospital mortality in a high-income country - A comparison with the National Early Warning Score in a multicenter prospective cohort.Journal of critical care · 2026 not_reported Percentage Comparison 86.9percent vs 66.7percent PMID 42044607
Using inability to walk to predict in-hospital mortality in a high-income country - A comparison with the National Early Warning Score in a multicenter prospective cohort.Journal of critical care · 2026 not_reported Percentage Comparison 41.4percent vs 79.8percent PMID 42044607
Using inability to walk to predict in-hospital mortality in a high-income country - A comparison with the National Early Warning Score in a multicenter prospective cohort.Journal of critical care · 2026 not_reported Percentage Comparison 98.5percent vs 98.0percent PMID 42044607
Using inability to walk to predict in-hospital mortality in a high-income country - A comparison with the National Early Warning Score in a multicenter prospective cohort.Journal of critical care · 2026 mortality Odds Ratio 2.43 95% CI 1.24–4.76 p = 0.009 PMID 42044607
Major ECG abnormalities and risk of incident cardiovascular disease in people with HIV compared to people without HIV.AIDS (London, England) · 2026 not_reported Hazard Ratio 1.57 95% CI 0.92–2.68 PMID 42160032
Major ECG abnormalities and risk of incident cardiovascular disease in people with HIV compared to people without HIV.AIDS (London, England) · 2026 not_reported Hazard Ratio 3.24 95% CI 1.11–9.55 PMID 42160032
The impact of accumulating immune adaptation in circulating strains of HIV-1.HIV medicine · 2026 not_reported Odds Ratio 2.4 PMID 41795223
The relationship between digit ratio (2D:4D) and autoimmune diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Early human development · 2026 not_reported Odds Ratio 1.645 95% CI 1.388–1.95 PMID 42034071
Cannabis use and cannabis use disorder in adults with chronic medical conditions in the United States.Addictive behaviors · 2026 not_reported Percentage Comparison 5.78percent vs 7.71percent PMID 42259090
Cannabis use and cannabis use disorder in adults with chronic medical conditions in the United States.Addictive behaviors · 2026 not_reported Percentage Comparison 9.1percent vs 6.58percent PMID 42259090
HIV Self-testing and Coupons Distribution by Persons Using PrEP to Create Demand for Combination HIV Prevention Services Among Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial in the Context of the ImPrEP Project.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2026 not_reported Odds Ratio 5.0 PMID 41983677
HIV Self-testing and Coupons Distribution by Persons Using PrEP to Create Demand for Combination HIV Prevention Services Among Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial in the Context of the ImPrEP Project.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2026 not_reported Risk Ratio 0.55 PMID 41983677
HIV Self-testing and Coupons Distribution by Persons Using PrEP to Create Demand for Combination HIV Prevention Services Among Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial in the Context of the ImPrEP Project.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2026 not_reported Risk Ratio 0.75 PMID 41983677
CD44 expression in renal tubules during maladaptive repair is a potential marker for the transition from acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease in rats.Toxicology · 2026 adverse events Odds Ratio 60.0 PMID 42019744
CD44 expression in renal tubules during maladaptive repair is a potential marker for the transition from acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease in rats.Toxicology · 2026 adverse events Odds Ratio 6.0 PMID 42019744
Factors associated with antiretroviral therapy satisfaction among people living with HIV in an urban Japanese hospital: a retrospective analysis using the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire.AIDS care · 2026 not_reported Odds Ratio 0.09 95% CI 0.02–0.5 p = 0.006 PMID 41208637
A Dual Prevention Pill for HIV & Pregnancy Prevention: A Pilot Study Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Zimbabwe.AIDS and behavior · 2026 not_reported Odds Ratio 2.0 PMID 41251867
International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: effects of dietary antioxidants on exercise and sports performance.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2026 not_reported Odds Ratio 60.0 PMID 41701327
Effectiveness of behavioural tobacco cessation interventions with and without pharmacotherapy among people living with HIV in Viet Nam: a three-arm pragmatic randomised controlled trial.The Lancet. Global health · 2026 not_reported Odds Ratio 1.0 PMID 41713442
Islatravir distribution in plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and mucosal tissues after monthly oral dosing.AIDS (London, England) · 2026 not_reported Odds Ratio 120.0 PMID 41789892
Determinants of long-acting cabotegravir plus rilpivirine discontinuation in real-world HIV care: insights from the relativity cohort.AIDS (London, England) · 2026 not_reported Hazard Ratio 2.06 95% CI 1.48–2.86 P = 0.036 PMID 41805169
Determinants of long-acting cabotegravir plus rilpivirine discontinuation in real-world HIV care: insights from the relativity cohort.AIDS (London, England) · 2026 not_reported Hazard Ratio 0.65 95% CI 0.44–0.96 P = 0.036 PMID 41805169
Effect of a digital training package on clinical outcomes in Malawi's index case testing programme: a cluster randomised controlled trial.BMJ global health · 2026 not_reported Risk Ratio 1.37 95% CI 1.1–1.71 p=0.006 PMID 41825916
Effect of a digital training package on clinical outcomes in Malawi's index case testing programme: a cluster randomised controlled trial.BMJ global health · 2026 not_reported Risk Ratio 1.45 p=0.006 PMID 41825916
Effect of a digital training package on clinical outcomes in Malawi's index case testing programme: a cluster randomised controlled trial.BMJ global health · 2026 not_reported Risk Ratio 2.29 95% CI 1.19–4.4 p=0.006 PMID 41825916
Effect of a digital training package on clinical outcomes in Malawi's index case testing programme: a cluster randomised controlled trial.BMJ global health · 2026 not_reported Risk Ratio 1.22 p=0.1 PMID 41825916
Effect of a digital training package on clinical outcomes in Malawi's index case testing programme: a cluster randomised controlled trial.BMJ global health · 2026 not_reported Risk Ratio 1.28 p=0.1 PMID 41825916
Men's willingness to receive text messages and speak with an HIV counselor via the National HIV Hotline following HIV self-testing in Tanzania; a baseline cross- sectional analysis from a cluster -randomized controlled trial.BMC public health · 2026 not_reported Odds Ratio 3.37 PMID 41998582
Men's willingness to receive text messages and speak with an HIV counselor via the National HIV Hotline following HIV self-testing in Tanzania; a baseline cross- sectional analysis from a cluster -randomized controlled trial.BMC public health · 2026 not_reported Odds Ratio 3.84 PMID 41998582
Men's willingness to receive text messages and speak with an HIV counselor via the National HIV Hotline following HIV self-testing in Tanzania; a baseline cross- sectional analysis from a cluster -randomized controlled trial.BMC public health · 2026 not_reported Odds Ratio 2.52 PMID 41998582
Men's willingness to receive text messages and speak with an HIV counselor via the National HIV Hotline following HIV self-testing in Tanzania; a baseline cross- sectional analysis from a cluster -randomized controlled trial.BMC public health · 2026 not_reported Odds Ratio 2.96 PMID 41998582
An integrated HIV and chronic disease intervention to reduce HIV infection risk among older men who have sex with men in China: a randomized controlled trial.BMC public health · 2026 not_reported Risk Ratio 0.34 95% CI 0.21–0.57 PMID 42021278
An integrated HIV and chronic disease intervention to reduce HIV infection risk among older men who have sex with men in China: a randomized controlled trial.BMC public health · 2026 not_reported Risk Ratio 0.43 95% CI 0.25–0.74 PMID 42021278
Research transparency

Funding and conflicts of interest

Conflict and funding fields reproduce what is available in PubMed records. Missing disclosure data does not establish that no conflict or funding existed.

COI statement coverage76.4%193 records have no COI statement exposed in PubMed.
Funding metadata coverage33.2%Coverage indicates whether grant/funding metadata was present, not independence or study quality.
Most frequently reported funding agencies
NIAID NIH HHS220
NIH HHS97
NHLBI NIH HHS60
NIMH NIH HHS42
NIDA NIH HHS32
TOPMed Data Coordinating Center27
NCATS NIH HHS24
FIC NIH HHS24
View records with declared financial or industry relationships 12

Indirect Treatment Comparison of the Efficacy of Long-Acting Injectable Cabotegravir Compared With Lenacapavir for HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis.

Declarations. Conflicts of interest: Neil Hawkins and Juliette Thompson have received consulting fees from ViiV Healthcare. Aniruddha Hazra has contracts for clinical research unrelated to this work from Gilead and has received consulting fees from Abbott Technologies, Gilead, and ViiV Healthcare. Marisa Brizzi has received payment or honoraria for speakers bureaus from Gilead and ViiV Healthcare and participated on an advisory board for Gilead, Merck, and ViiV Healthcare. Richard Grove is an employee of GSK and holds stock in GSK. Marius Sieverding has no conflicts to disclose. Piotr Budnik is an employee of ViiV Healthcare and owns stock in GSK and Haleon. Jenny Scherzer and Natalya Danchenko are employees of ViiV Healthcare and may own stock in GSK. Sarah-Jane Anderson is an employee of GSK and owns stock in GSK and Haleon. Laure Dupont-Benjamin is an employee of ViiV Healthcare; owns stock in AbbVi.e., GSK, and Haleon; and is receiving consulting fees from the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. Ethical approval: This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any new studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

PMID 42171901 · 2026

De Novo Cancer in Liver Transplant Patients With HIV Infection: A Multicenter Nationwide Cohort Study.

Potential conflicts of interest . J. M. M. has received consulting honoraria and/or research grants from Angelini, Basilea, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Genentech, Gilead Sciences, Jansen, Merck, Pfizer, Novartis, and ViiV Healthcare, outside the submitted work. All other authors report no potential conflicts. All authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. Conflicts that the editors consider relevant to the content of the manuscript have been disclosed.

PMID 41989878 · 2026

Hepatitis B Outcomes After Switching to Long-Acting Cabotegravir/Rilpivirine in People With HIV: Reactivation, Incident Infection, and Liver Safety Across Diverse Serological Profiles.

Potential conflicts of interest. A. F. has received honoraria for lectures or AB and/or research grants and traveling support from ViiV Healthcare, Gilead Sciences, and Janssen, outside the submitted work. J. A. has received research funding from ViiV Healthcare and Gilead Sciences; has participated in AB for ViiV, Gilead Sciences, MSD, and J&J; has received personal compensation for presentations from ViiV, Gilead Sciences, MSD, and J&J; and has participated in DSMB for HIPRA and Grifols. A. S. has received honoraria for lectures and/or research grants and traveling support from Gilead Sciences, ViiV Healthcare, and MSD, outside the submitted work. J. C. has received honoraria for lectures or AB and traveling support from ViiV Healthcare, Gilead Sciences, and Janssen, outside the submitted work. B. T. has received honoraria for lectures, AB and/or research grants from Gilead Sciences, GSK, MSD, and J&J and traveling support from Gilead Sciences, outside the submitted work. M. M.-R. has received honoraria for lectures or AB from Gilead Sciences, ViiV Healthcare, and J&J and has received honoraria for leadership role from Gilead Sciences and traveling support from Gilead Sciences, outside the submitted work. J. L. B. has received honoraria for lectures or AB and/or research grants and traveling support from Gilead Sciences, ViiV Healthcare, and MSD, outside the submitted work. J. M. M. has received consulting honoraria and/or research grants from Angelini, Basilea, Contrafect, Cubist, Genentech, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, Medtronic, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, and ViiV Healthcare, outside the submitted work. E. M. has received honoraria for lectures or AB and/or research grants from Gilead Sciences, ViiV Healthcare, and MSD, outside the submitted work, and has held unpaid leadership roles as past president of EACS and as president of NEAT ID. J. M. has received honoraria for lectures from Gilead Sciences, ViiV Healthcare, J&J, and MSD, outside the submitted work. A. G.-C. has received honoraria for lectures or AB, consulting fees, and/or research grants from Gilead Sciences, Janssen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and ViiV Healthcare and traveling support from Gilead Sciences, J&J, ViiV Healthcare, and MSD, outside the submitted work. M. L. has received research funding from ViiV Healthcare and Gilead Sciences, has participated in AB for J&J, and has received personal compensation for presentations from ViiV Healthcare, Gilead Sciences, MSD, and J&J and traveling support from Gilead Sciences, outside the submitted work. All other authors report no potential conflicts. All authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. Conflicts that the editors consider relevant to the content of the manuscript have been disclosed.

PMID 41539988 · 2026

The emerging and evolving evidence supporting creatine as an ergogenic aid: history and applications.

CMK has received grants, honoraria, and consulting fees from companies who do business in areas related to exercise and nutrition. He currently serves as a scientific advisor to multiple companies who do business in exercise and nutrition, and he currently serves as a Scientific Affiliate for Alzchem and on a Scientific Advisory Board for NNB Nutrition, companies that manufacture creatine. DG conducted industry-sponsored research involving creatine supplementation and received creatine donations for scientific studies and travel support for presentations involving creatine supplementation at scientific conferences and serves on the Scientific Advisory Board for Alzchem, Create and Iovate (companies that manufacture creatine products). RBK has conducted industry-sponsored research on creatine through grants awarded to the universities he has been affiliated, received financial support for presenting invited lectures at conferences about sports nutrition and creatine. Additionally, he serves as Chair of the Scientific Advisory Board for AlzChem (a company that makes creatine monohydrate). He does not own any patents, receive royalties for the sale of creatine or any dietary supplement, or have any ownership in a company that sells creatine or any dietary supplements. TNZ has conducted industry sponsored research involving creatine supplementation and has received research funding from industry sponsors related to sports nutrition products and ingredients. JRS has received grants and contracts to research dietary supplements, has served as a paid consultant for industry, and received honoraria for speaking at conferences and writing lay articles about sports nutrition. He is a Chair of the Scientific Advisory Board for Alzchem. SF is a scientific advisor for Bear Balanced® and has received creatine donations from Creapure® for research purposes. PM and RS declare that no commercial or financial relationships exist that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

PMID 41870601 · 2026

Burden of disease in US patients with skeletal versus muscular or pain manifestations of hypophosphatasia: An analysis from the Global HPP Registry.

Declaration of competing interest Priya Kishnani is a consultant for and has received research funding and honoraria from Alexion, AstraZeneca Rare Disease. Steven Ing has received research grants paid to his institution from Alexion, Amgen, Calcilytix, Radius, Takeda, and Ultragenyx and has served on an advisory board and/or as a consultant for Amgen, Bone Health & Osteoporosis Foundation, Extend Biosciences, and Radius. Julie Hoover-Fong has participated in advisory boards and served as a consultant for Ascendis, AstraZeneca, BioMarin, Children's Mercy Research Institute, Medscape, Pfizer, QED, and Therachon and has received research support from AstraZeneca, BioMarin, and QED. J. Carl Pallais has been a consultant for Alexion, AstraZeneca Rare Disease and Ensho Health and received research funding to his institution from Alexion, AstraZeneca Rare Disease. Angie Voskopoja, Shona Fang, and William R. Mowrey are employees of Alexion, AstraZeneca Rare Disease, and may hold stock or stock options in AstraZeneca. Eric Rush has received research funding to his institution from Alexion, AstraZeneca Rare Disease and Ultragenyx. He has received consulting fees and payment or honoraria from Alexion, AstraZeneca Rare Disease, Ultragenyx, Inozyme, Ipsen, and Kyowa Kirin. He has received support for meetings and/or travel from Alexion, AstraZeneca Rare Disease and Kyowa Kirin and participates on a data safety monitoring or advisory board for Inozyme. Kathryn Dahir is a clinical trial investigator and consultant for Alexion, AstraZeneca Rare Disease, Regeneron, Kyowa Kirin and Ultragenyx.

PMID 42365936 · 2026

Genotype distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) types in oral gargle specimens among men living with HIV in Mexico, Brazil, and Puerto Rico: A cross-sectional study.

Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Moffitt Cancer Center reports financial support was provided by National Cancer Institute. Timothy Wilkin, Anna R. Giuliano, Luisa L. Villa, Grant B Ellsworth, Michael J. Schell, Eduardo Lazcano-Ponce, and Betania Allen-Leigh report financial support was provided by National Cancer Institute. Timothy Wilkin reports financial support was provided by Merck & Co Inc. and Viiv Healthcare. Anna R Giuliano reports a relationship with Merck & Co Inc that includes consulting or advisory, funding grants, and speaking and lecture fees. Anna R Giuliano holds an American Cancer Society Clinical Research Professorship. Anna Beltrame reports financial support was provided by this award. Julie Rathwell reports a relationship with Merck Sharp & Dohme, LLC that includes consulting or advisory. Grant B Ellsworth reports financial support was provided by Merck & Co Inc. Grant B Ellsworth serves as the HPV Subsection-Committee Chair for the Adult Opportunistic Guidelines. Grant B Ellsworth reports a relationship with Northeast Caribbean AIDS Clinical Training Center that includes speaking and lecture fees and with International AIDS Society USA that includes speaking and lecture fees. LLV is an occasional speaker and consultant for Merck & Co. HPV prophylactic vaccines, having received fees for travel and talks. The remaining authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

PMID 42070588 · 2026

Safety of the adjuvanted herpes zoster subunit vaccine in people over 18 years of age living with HIV: A phase 4 multicentre study.

Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests which may be considered as potential competing interests: M.Z.M., M.F·P., S.B.P.R., I.A.L.T., M.C.F. and J.J.P.M. have collaborated in teaching activities funded by GlaxoSmithKline, M.Z.M., S.B.P.R., I.A.L.T., M.C.F. and J.J.P.M. have also received financial support by GlaxoSmithKline to attend educational events and M.F.P has also served as a consultant on Advisory Boards for GlaxoSmithKline. The remaining authors declare no potential conflicts of interest related to this publication.

PMID 42008905 · 2026

Assessing the impact of nicotinic partial agonists compared to NRT on opioid and cigarette use: A secondary analysis investigating treatment outcomes for co-occurring nicotine and opioid use.

Declaration of competing interest Drs Tindle, Freiberg, Cheng, Gnatienko, and Krupitsky reported receiving grants from the National Institutes of Health during the conduct of the study. Dr. Tindle reported volunteering scientific input on the early stages of design of a phase 3 trial conducted in the US testing cytisine for smoking cessation and serving as the principal investigator for smoking cessation trials for which medications were donated by the manufacturer. Dr. Cheng reported receiving personal fees from Janssen outside the submitted work. No other disclosures were reported.

PMID 41558587 · 2026
01

Current Standard-of-Care Sources

Alexandria uses this label only for PubMed-indexed guidelines or consensus documents. These are source publications, not individualized recommendations.

02

Highest-Priority Research

clinical guideline

Clinical Practice Guideline on the Pharmacological Management of Antipsychotic-Related Dyslipidemia.

Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026

BACKGROUND: People taking antipsychotic medicines and those with severe mental illness experience elevated cardiovascular risk compared to the general population which is not adequately addressed by existing guidelines. Increases in lipid levels can occur soon after starting antipsychotics but often go untreated. Cumulative exposure to dyslipidemia from childhood, through young adulthood, facilitates atherogenesis. Regression of early lesions is possible; however, plaque progression can be irreversible, leading to sustained long-term cardiovascular risk. Although lipid-lowering therapies are effective at lowering cardiovascular risk, they are underutilized in this population. We have thus de…

PMID 42544493
clinical guideline

Fostering healthy cognitive ageing in people living with HIV.

The lancet. HIV · 2025

Prevalence and incidence of HIV among people aged 50 years and older continue to rise worldwide, generating increasing awareness among care providers, scientists, and the HIV community about the importance of brain health in older adults with HIV. Many age-related factors that adversely affect brain health can occur earlier and more often among people with HIV, including epigenetic ageing, chronic medical conditions (eg, cardiovascular disease), and age-related syndromes (eg, frailty). Extensive dialogue between HIV community leaders, health-care providers, and scientists has led to the development of a multidimensional response strategy to protect and enhance brain health in people ageing w…

PMID 39615509
clinical guideline

British Association of Sexual Health and HIV guidelines on the management of viral hepatitis 2026.

International journal of STD & AIDS · 2026

The 2026 British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH) guidelines for the management of viral hepatitis are in line with current evidence and practice within the United Kingdom. We provide evidence-based recommendations for the prevention, diagnosis and initial management of viral hepatitis A, B, C and D. Key updates are detailed at the start of the article.

PMID 42117446
clinical guideline

Breastfeeding in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

Obstetrics and gynecology · 2026

This Clinical Practice Update provides revised guidance regarding the opportunity for infant feeding in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) based on revised recommendations from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the American Academy of Pediatrics. This document updates the content in Committee Opinion No. 756, Optimizing Support for Breastfeeding as Part of Obstetric Practice (Obstet Gynecol 2018;132:e187-96).

PMID 41926772
clinical guideline

[Chinese guideline for the chemotherapy of multidrug-resistant/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (2026 edition)].

Zhonghua jie he he hu xi za zhi = Zhonghua jiehe he huxi zazhi = Chinese journal of tuberculosis and respiratory diseases · 2026

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) pose significant challenges to global tuberculosis prevention and treatment efforts. At present, the chemotherapy of MDR/RR-TB is still hampered by prolonged treatment duration and suboptimal success rates. In 2019, the Chinese Medical Association Tuberculosis Branch issued the Chinese Expert Consensus on the Treatment of MDR-TB and RR-TB, which has provided essential guidance for standardizing the diagnosis, treatment, and clinical management of MDR/RR-TB in China. In response to recent advances in global evidence-based medicine and in consideration of China's specific context, the Chinese Medical Associ…

PMID 42236454
clinical guideline

[Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for persons living with HIV (SFGM-TC)].

Bulletin du cancer · 2026

People living with HIV (PLWH) experienced an increased risk of heme malignancies. The place of cellular therapy as consolidation is well established in the general population, but remains to be confirmed in PLWH. Control of HIV has dramatically been improved due to combined antiretroviral therapy, and continuation of the treatment all through the graft procedure resulted in survival and TRM comparable with the general population. So, PLWH with an indication of auto- or allo-graft must be referred as eligible for the procedure. The conditioning regimen depends mainly on the malignancy and comorbidities. In allograft setting, the choice of the donor and the stem cell source must follow standar…

PMID 42103547
clinical guideline

Belgian guidance 2026 on management of pregnancy and breastfeeding in women living with HIV and their infants.

European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology · 2026

INTRODUCTION: In 2021, a call was made to write a guidance for the management of pregnancy in women living with HIV (WLWH) in Belgium. METHODS: The call was sent to BREACH (Belgium Research on AIDS and HIV Consortium), a network of Belgian HIV Reference Centers, Laboratories and interest organizations in the field of HIV. The first working group (30 healthcare workers from 13 institutions) reviewed literature and had online discussions. This Guidance is an expert consensus document designed to answer real life clinical situations; it was presented at BREACH symposium in November 2023 and then updated annually. RESULTS: Antiretroviral drugs prescribed to women considering pregnancy or during …

PMID 42468119
meta analysisn=8482

Prevalence of opportunistic fungal infections (candidiasis and cryptococcal meningitis) among HIV-positive individuals in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA compliant).

Medicine · 2026

BACKGROUND: Individuals with compromised immune systems, particularly those living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), face an elevated risk of opportunistic fungal infections (OFIs), including candidiasis and cryptococcal meningitis. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of OFIs among HIV-positive individuals across different regions of Ethiopia. METHODS: English-language articles were identified through a comprehensive search of online databases, including ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Cochrane Library. The Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool for prevalence studies was used to assess study quality. Heterogeneity and publication bias…

PMID 42629665
meta analysisn=36693

Factors associated with mortality and recurrence among patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB): a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression.

Infectious diseases (London, England) · 2026

BACKGROUND: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains a major global health concern due to its high mortality and recurrence rates. Understanding the factors associated with these adverse outcomes is essential for guiding targeted interventions and strengthening TB control strategies. OBJECTIVE: To synthesise evidence on factors associated with mortality and recurrence among patients with MDR-TB. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analyses were conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Searches were performed in PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science from inception to 23 February 2025 without year restrictions. A random-effects model was used to estimate pooled odds ratios…

PMID 42017750
systematic reviewn=6615444

Mortality risk in patients with urological malignancies and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.

Cancer pathogenesis and therapy · 2026

BACKGROUND: The extended survival of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) has shifted cancer burdens toward urological malignancies. PLWH exhibit unique clinical patterns, including a younger age at diagnosis for renal cell carcinoma and more advanced stage at presentation of prostate and bladder cancers, which are compounded by inequities in health care access and HIV-specific mechanisms such as chronic immunosuppression. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted across five databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Scopus) up to 1 July, 2025. Random-effects models were used to pool hazard ratios (HRs) and adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs). Public…

PMID 42643168
meta analysisn=53347

What is polypharmacy in people living with HIV/AIDS? A systematic review.

AIDS research and therapy · 2022

Polypharmacy in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) is a rising morbidity that exacts hefty economic burden on health budgets in addition to other adverse clinical outcomes. Despite recent advances, uncertainty remains around its exact definition in PLWHA. In this systematic review and Meta-analysis, we explored relevant databases (PUBMED, EMBASE, CROI) for studies evaluating polypharmacy in PLWHA from January 2000 to August 2021 to ascertain the exact numerical threshold that defines this morbidity. Two independent reviewers extracted and reviewed relevant variables for analyses. The review included a total of 31 studies involving n = 53,347 participants with a mean age of 49.5 (SD ± 17.0) …

PMID 35918746
meta analysisn=15522

The impact of HIV coinfection on mpox patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Emerging microbes & infections · 2026

A substantial proportion of mpox cases occur in people with HIV, but how HIV coinfection and immune status affect clinical outcomes remains unclear. We systematically searched major databases up to March 2025 for observational studies comparing mpox patients with and without HIV coinfection. Pooled effect sizes were calculated using random-effects models. Risk ratios (RRs) or standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals were used for dichotomous or continuous outcomes. Post hoc subgroup analyses explored differences by economic development, viral suppression, and advanced HIV disease (AHD) proportion. Among 15,522 patients from 29 studies, 52.43% had HIV. HIV coinfectio…

PMID 42461714
03

Latest Research — Last 24 Months

04

Treatment Options Studied in the PubMed Collection

These are interventions detected in PubMed metadata and abstracts. Inclusion does not establish approval, effectiveness, suitability, or standard-of-care status.

higher-confidence evidence

antiretroviral therapy

107 linked PMIDs36981 reported cumulative sample signal
Research status
insufficiently reported
Outcomes represented
reported clinical outcomes, quality of life, mortality, viral suppression, drug resistance, adverse events, serious adverse events, HIV transmission
Populations represented
general population; advanced; viral load; children; viral load; CD4 count; HIV-1
Mechanism
OBJECTIVES: We investigated weight gain amongst people with HIV (PWH) in Kampala after switching their antiretroviral therapy (ART) anchor drug from nevirapine, efavirenz, or a protease inhibitor to dolutegravir The cumulative risk of at least 10% weight gain by 36 months was 37.8%, and this was more likely if they were female, aged 25-49 years or their previous ART included efavirenz or a protease inhibitor but less likely if the preswitch BMI was at least 25 kg/m 2
PMID 42103547PMID 42629665PMID 41656685PMID 41860796PMID 42240366PMID 42541631PMID 42108560PMID 42070588
preliminary evidence

Anti-HIV Agents

91 linked PMIDs34020 reported cumulative sample signal
Research status
insufficiently reported
Outcomes represented
reported clinical outcomes, drug resistance, HIV transmission, viral suppression, adverse events, serious adverse events, virologic failure, quality of life
Populations represented
general population; HIV-1; HIV-1; drug resistance; children; viral load; HIV-1; CD4 count
Mechanism
Evidence-based approaches addressing psychological barriers are needed to improve PrEP adherence and persistence during this high-risk period.ObjectivesThis paper describes the protocol for a pilot trial to examine the feasibility and acceptability of PrEP Zingisa, a cognitive behavioral intervention targeting transdiagnostic mechanisms underlying depression/PTSD.DesignIn a randomized controlled trial, 70 pregnant individuals aged 15 and older who have recently initiated PrEP or experienced adherence challenges with moderate to severe depression and/or PTSD will be randomized to PrEP Zingisa or enhanced wait list control (WLC).MethodsPrEP Zingisa consists of four sessions focused on PrEP adh The electronic medical record alerts were customized to note these possible lenacapavir drug-drug interactions, similar to protease inhibitors/pharmacokinetic boosters (ritonavir and cobicistat) to prevent future events
PMID 41656685PMID 42155336PMID 42240366PMID 42108560PMID 35077265PMID 42657610PMID 42169215PMID 41731973
higher-confidence evidence

PrEP

43 linked PMIDs18690 reported cumulative sample signal
Research status
harm signal
Outcomes represented
reported clinical outcomes, viral suppression, HIV transmission
Populations represented
general population; HIV-1; viral load; HIV-1
Mechanism
Participants underwent individual randomization to 3 arms: (1) HAPA-based cognitive behavioral intervention featuring tailored WeChat messages and 2 structured motivational interviews targeting stage-specific barriers; (2) combined HAPA intervention with GCEI linked to peer group initiation rates, incorporating facilitated offline group activities; or (3) standard care control receiving nonpersonalized HIV prevention information Evidence-based approaches addressing psychological barriers are needed to improve PrEP adherence and persistence during this high-risk period.ObjectivesThis paper describes the protocol for a pilot trial to examine the feasibility and acceptability of PrEP Zingisa, a cognitive behavioral intervention targeting transdiagnostic mechanisms underlying depression/PTSD.DesignIn a randomized controlled trial, 70 pregnant individuals aged 15 and older who have recently initiated PrEP or experienced adherence challenges with moderate to severe depression and/or PTSD will be randomized to PrEP Zingisa or enhanced wait list control (WLC).MethodsPrEP Zingisa consists of four sessions focused on PrEP adh
PMID 42184839PMID 41983677PMID 35077265PMID 42657610PMID 42169215PMID 41731973PMID 41632776PMID 42201314
higher-confidence evidence

pre-exposure prophylaxis

38 linked PMIDs15941 reported cumulative sample signal
Research status
harm signal
Outcomes represented
reported clinical outcomes, viral suppression, HIV transmission, adverse events, serious adverse events
Populations represented
general population; HIV-1; viral load
Mechanism
Participants underwent individual randomization to 3 arms: (1) HAPA-based cognitive behavioral intervention featuring tailored WeChat messages and 2 structured motivational interviews targeting stage-specific barriers; (2) combined HAPA intervention with GCEI linked to peer group initiation rates, incorporating facilitated offline group activities; or (3) standard care control receiving nonpersonalized HIV prevention information Evidence-based approaches addressing psychological barriers are needed to improve PrEP adherence and persistence during this high-risk period.ObjectivesThis paper describes the protocol for a pilot trial to examine the feasibility and acceptability of PrEP Zingisa, a cognitive behavioral intervention targeting transdiagnostic mechanisms underlying depression/PTSD.DesignIn a randomized controlled trial, 70 pregnant individuals aged 15 and older who have recently initiated PrEP or experienced adherence challenges with moderate to severe depression and/or PTSD will be randomized to PrEP Zingisa or enhanced wait list control (WLC).MethodsPrEP Zingisa consists of four sessions focused on PrEP adh
PMID 42184839PMID 41181883PMID 35077265PMID 42657610PMID 41731973PMID 41632776PMID 42201314PMID 41832915
preliminary evidence

tenofovir

17 linked PMIDs4832 reported cumulative sample signal
Research status
insufficiently reported
Outcomes represented
reported clinical outcomes, adverse events, viral suppression, quality of life
Populations represented
general population; HIV-1; advanced; second-line; HIV RNA
Mechanism
Ainuovirine (ANV), a novel non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, demonstrates a favorable preclinical safety profile Background and Clinical Significance: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is a widely prescribed nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NtRTI) for HIV-1 infection
PMID 42657610PMID 42623024PMID 41832915PMID 41666093PMID 41539988PMID 42557001PMID 42086178PMID 42647288
preliminary evidence

Pyridones

16 linked PMIDs8172 reported cumulative sample signal
Research status
insufficiently reported
Outcomes represented
reported clinical outcomes, viral suppression, adverse events, quality of life
Populations represented
general population; HIV-1; advanced; HIV-1; treatment-experienced HIV; second-line; third-line; second-line; HIV RNA; first-line; second-line; children
Mechanism
These findings suggest that baseline immune status influences early viral reservoir dynamics and that the timing of reservoir reduction may be linked to immune restoration, highlighting the heterogeneity of integrase inhibitor responses and the potential value of baseline immune assessment in guiding individualized management RESULTS: ART regimens comprised 62.5% dolutegravir (DTG)-, 28.8% efavirenz (EFV)-, 4.5% nevirapine (NVP)-, and 4.2% protease inhibitor (PI)-based therapy
PMID 42623024PMID 41348547PMID 42136197PMID 41539988PMID 42576791PMID 42498509PMID 42421241PMID 42124360
moderate-confidence evidence

Dolutegravir

13 linked PMIDs11001 reported cumulative sample signal
Research status
insufficiently reported
Outcomes represented
reported clinical outcomes, adverse events, viral suppression
Populations represented
general population; children; first-line; HIV-1; treatment-experienced HIV; second-line; third-line; second-line; HIV RNA
Mechanism
OBJECTIVES: We investigated weight gain amongst people with HIV (PWH) in Kampala after switching their antiretroviral therapy (ART) anchor drug from nevirapine, efavirenz, or a protease inhibitor to dolutegravir The cumulative risk of at least 10% weight gain by 36 months was 37.8%, and this was more likely if they were female, aged 25-49 years or their previous ART included efavirenz or a protease inhibitor but less likely if the preswitch BMI was at least 25 kg/m 2
PMID 42623024PMID 41348547PMID 42136197PMID 42097858PMID 42557001PMID 42319215PMID 42425238PMID 42055353
moderate-confidence evidence

Biomarkers

12 linked PMIDs6486 reported cumulative sample signal
Research status
harm signal
Outcomes represented
reported clinical outcomes, mortality, adverse events
Populations represented
general population; advanced
Mechanism
Bioinformatic network analysis was performed to identify potential molecular targets In silico network analysis suggested potential inflammatory and metabolic targets of miR-23a-3p; however, these findings require experimental validation
PMID 42041228PMID 42133056PMID 42084141PMID 40204564PMID 42449934PMID 42654806PMID 41734663PMID 42019744
moderate-confidence evidence

HIV Antibodies

11 linked PMIDs161 reported cumulative sample signal
Research status
insufficiently reported
Outcomes represented
reported clinical outcomes, adverse events, serious adverse events
Populations represented
HIV-1; early-stage; HIV RNA; viral load; CD4 count
Mechanism
Notable progress includes promising results in germline-targeting and sequential immunization for the induction of broadly neutralizing antibody precursors, a better understanding of the mechanisms of reservoir persistence, and encouraging signals that immune-based strategies can lead to postintervention control We provide evidence that CH505 Env may maintain a relatively closed conformation, rendering it less susceptible to targeting by Fc-mediated antibody functions
PMID 34354709PMID 42215520PMID 41932180PMID 41774769PMID 42505121PMID 42655707PMID 42414619PMID 42114530
moderate-confidence evidence

Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring

10 linked PMIDs5669 reported cumulative sample signal
Research status
insufficiently reported
Outcomes represented
reported clinical outcomes, adverse events, viral suppression
Populations represented
general population; first-line; HIV-1; advanced; HIV-1; treatment-experienced HIV; second-line; HIV RNA; first-line; second-line; children
Mechanism
These findings suggest that baseline immune status influences early viral reservoir dynamics and that the timing of reservoir reduction may be linked to immune restoration, highlighting the heterogeneity of integrase inhibitor responses and the potential value of baseline immune assessment in guiding individualized management METHODS: In D 2 EFT, ritonavir-boosted darunavir plus dolutegravir (DTG + DRV/r) and dolutegravir with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate plus either lamivudine or emtricitabine (DTG + TDF/XTC) were compared to ritonavir-boosted darunavir plus two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (DRV/r + 2NRTIs)
PMID 42623024PMID 41348547PMID 42136197PMID 42055353PMID 42084114PMID 42421241PMID 42124360PMID 41779383
moderate-confidence evidence

Piperazines

9 linked PMIDs3761 reported cumulative sample signal
Research status
insufficiently reported
Outcomes represented
reported clinical outcomes, adverse events, viral suppression
Populations represented
general population; HIV-1; HIV-1; advanced; HIV-1; treatment-experienced HIV; second-line; HIV RNA; first-line; second-line; children
Mechanism
These findings suggest that baseline immune status influences early viral reservoir dynamics and that the timing of reservoir reduction may be linked to immune restoration, highlighting the heterogeneity of integrase inhibitor responses and the potential value of baseline immune assessment in guiding individualized management METHODS: In D 2 EFT, ritonavir-boosted darunavir plus dolutegravir (DTG + DRV/r) and dolutegravir with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate plus either lamivudine or emtricitabine (DTG + TDF/XTC) were compared to ritonavir-boosted darunavir plus two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (DRV/r + 2NRTIs)
PMID 42623024PMID 41348547PMID 42136197PMID 41070447PMID 42551554PMID 42421241PMID 42124360PMID 41779383
preliminary evidence

DNA, Viral

9 linked PMIDs1220 reported cumulative sample signal
Research status
insufficiently reported
Outcomes represented
reported clinical outcomes, mortality
Populations represented
advanced; general population; HIV-1; HIV-1; advanced; HIV-1; viral load
Mechanism
METHODS: Standard IPDA targets overlap with sequences present in lentiviral vectors, including the AGT103-T therapeutic vector, preventing accurate quantification We developed a modified IPDA that avoids vector interference while preserving detection of intact HIV proviruses by targeting HIV Gag and Nef regions
PMID 42332911PMID 42655673PMID 41539988PMID 41670418PMID 41665101PMID 42264069PMID 42421241PMID 41607075
preliminary evidence

RNA, Viral

8 linked PMIDs412 reported cumulative sample signal
Research status
insufficiently reported
Outcomes represented
reported clinical outcomes, viral suppression, virologic failure, drug resistance
Populations represented
HIV-1; general population; HIV-1; drug resistance; HIV-1; viral load; viral load; CD4 count
Mechanism
BACKGROUND: Islatravir (ISL), a nucleoside reverse transcriptase translocation inhibitor, and lenacapavir (LEN), a capsid inhibitor, have pharmacokinetic profiles supporting once-weekly (QW) oral dosing Participants with primary nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) or non-NRTI resistance-associated mutations were excluded
PMID 42264069PMID 41990403PMID 40375799PMID 42479941PMID 41885130PMID 42184582PMID 41886877PMID 41955174
moderate-confidence evidence

Emtricitabine

7 linked PMIDs6223 reported cumulative sample signal
Research status
insufficiently reported
Outcomes represented
adverse events, serious adverse events, reported clinical outcomes, viral suppression, quality of life
Populations represented
HIV-1; general population; first-line
Mechanism
Not explicitly reported in the retrieved PubMed metadata or abstracts.
PMID 41070447PMID 42551554PMID 42105781PMID 42055353PMID 42084114PMID 41703498PMID 42400399
preliminary evidence

Oxazines

7 linked PMIDs3710 reported cumulative sample signal
Research status
insufficiently reported
Outcomes represented
reported clinical outcomes, viral suppression, adverse events
Populations represented
general population; HIV-1; treatment-experienced HIV; second-line; third-line; second-line; HIV RNA; first-line; second-line; children; HIV-1
Mechanism
RESULTS: ART regimens comprised 62.5% dolutegravir (DTG)-, 28.8% efavirenz (EFV)-, 4.5% nevirapine (NVP)-, and 4.2% protease inhibitor (PI)-based therapy METHODS: In D 2 EFT, ritonavir-boosted darunavir plus dolutegravir (DTG + DRV/r) and dolutegravir with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate plus either lamivudine or emtricitabine (DTG + TDF/XTC) were compared to ritonavir-boosted darunavir plus two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (DRV/r + 2NRTIs)
PMID 41348547PMID 42136197PMID 42124360PMID 41762169PMID 41779383PMID 41579881PMID 41070447
preliminary evidence

cabotegravir

7 linked PMIDs811 reported cumulative sample signal
Research status
insufficiently reported
Outcomes represented
reported clinical outcomes, viral suppression, adverse events
Populations represented
general population; HIV-1; HIV RNA
Mechanism
The electronic medical record alerts were customized to note these possible lenacapavir drug-drug interactions, similar to protease inhibitors/pharmacokinetic boosters (ritonavir and cobicistat) to prevent future events
PMID 41539988PMID 42576791PMID 42498509PMID 42312466PMID 41964115PMID 41805169PMID 42171901
05

Conflicting Research

higher-confidence evidence

antiretroviral therapy · multiple reported outcomes

81 studies

Status: apparently conflicting; different clinical questions. Population: general population. Comparator: multiple or inconsistently reported comparators.

  • The records use different or inconsistently reported comparators.
  • The records report different endpoints or outcome definitions.
  • The evidence combines different study designs.
  • Some abstracts do not state whether the primary endpoint was met.
unknown: 72mixed: 1harm: 4benefit: 1null: 3
PMID 42103547PMID 42629665PMID 41656685PMID 42556371PMID 42235914PMID 42047974PMID 41860796PMID 42240366PMID 42541631PMID 42108560
higher-confidence evidence

Anti-HIV Agents · multiple reported outcomes

71 studies

Status: apparently conflicting; different clinical questions. Population: general population. Comparator: multiple or inconsistently reported comparators.

  • The records use different or inconsistently reported comparators.
  • The records report different endpoints or outcome definitions.
  • The evidence combines different study designs.
  • Some abstracts do not state whether the primary endpoint was met.
unknown: 61benefit: 2harm: 4null: 4
PMID 41919720PMID 41656685PMID 42556371PMID 42235914PMID 42171901PMID 42155336PMID 42240366PMID 42214698PMID 42108560PMID 42442378
higher-confidence evidence

PrEP · multiple reported outcomes

53 studies

Status: apparently conflicting; different clinical questions. Population: general population. Comparator: multiple or inconsistently reported comparators.

  • The records use different or inconsistently reported comparators.
  • The records report different endpoints or outcome definitions.
  • The evidence combines different study designs.
  • Some abstracts do not state whether the primary endpoint was met.
unknown: 50null: 2harm: 1
PMID 42184839PMID 42214698PMID 42442378PMID 41983677PMID 41257432PMID 35077265PMID 41343494PMID 42657610PMID 41805538PMID 42169215
higher-confidence evidence

pre-exposure prophylaxis · multiple reported outcomes

45 studies

Status: apparently conflicting; different clinical questions. Population: general population. Comparator: multiple or inconsistently reported comparators.

  • The records use different or inconsistently reported comparators.
  • The records report different endpoints or outcome definitions.
  • The evidence combines different study designs.
  • Some abstracts do not state whether the primary endpoint was met.
unknown: 42null: 2harm: 1
PMID 39982831PMID 42184839PMID 42442378PMID 41181883PMID 41257432PMID 35077265PMID 42657610PMID 41805538PMID 41731973PMID 41632776
higher-confidence evidence

Biomarkers · multiple reported outcomes

16 studies

Status: apparently conflicting; different clinical questions. Population: general population. Comparator: multiple or inconsistently reported comparators.

  • The records use different or inconsistently reported comparators.
  • The records report different endpoints or outcome definitions.
  • The evidence combines different study designs.
  • Some abstracts do not state whether the primary endpoint was met.
unknown: 13null: 1harm: 1benefit: 1
PMID 42041228PMID 40576558PMID 42133056PMID 38381407PMID 42084141PMID 42243654PMID 40204564PMID 42449934PMID 42654806PMID 41734663
higher-confidence evidence

Anti-Retroviral Agents · multiple reported outcomes

15 studies

Status: apparently conflicting; different clinical questions. Population: general population. Comparator: multiple or inconsistently reported comparators.

  • The records use different or inconsistently reported comparators.
  • The records report different endpoints or outcome definitions.
  • The evidence combines different study designs.
  • Some abstracts do not state whether the primary endpoint was met.
benefit: 1unknown: 12harm: 1null: 1
PMID 41656685PMID 42240366PMID 42108560PMID 42339560PMID 41501688PMID 34176289PMID 42623024PMID 41899755PMID 42186788PMID 41968951
higher-confidence evidence

tenofovir · multiple reported outcomes

15 studies

Status: apparently conflicting; different clinical questions. Population: general population. Comparator: multiple or inconsistently reported comparators.

  • The records use different or inconsistently reported comparators.
  • The records report different endpoints or outcome definitions.
  • The evidence combines different study designs.
  • Some abstracts do not state whether the primary endpoint was met.
unknown: 13harm: 1null: 1
PMID 41919720PMID 42235914PMID 42171901PMID 42442378PMID 42657610PMID 42623024PMID 41251867PMID 42479941PMID 41832915PMID 42141514
higher-confidence evidence

Caffeine · reported clinical outcomes

8 studies

Status: apparently conflicting; different clinical questions. Population: general population. Comparator: multiple or inconsistently reported comparators.

  • The records use different or inconsistently reported comparators.
  • The evidence combines different study designs.
  • Some abstracts do not state whether the primary endpoint was met.
null: 1unknown: 6mixed: 1
PMID 42228847PMID 42654170PMID 41918248PMID 42124064PMID 41754174PMID 42588165PMID 42142184PMID 42654270
higher-confidence evidence

antiretroviral therapy · multiple reported outcomes

5 studies

Status: apparently conflicting; different clinical questions. Population: CD4 count. Comparator: multiple or inconsistently reported comparators.

  • The records use different or inconsistently reported comparators.
  • The records report different endpoints or outcome definitions.
  • The evidence combines different study designs.
  • Some abstracts do not state whether the primary endpoint was met.
unknown: 4mixed: 1
PMID 33387480PMID 42105779PMID 41098140PMID 41092264PMID 41747748
preliminary evidence

Papillomavirus Vaccines · reported clinical outcomes

4 studies

Status: apparently conflicting; different clinical questions. Population: general population. Comparator: multiple or inconsistently reported comparators.

  • The records use different or inconsistently reported comparators.
  • The evidence combines different study designs.
  • Some abstracts do not state whether the primary endpoint was met.
null: 1unknown: 2benefit: 1
PMID 42499163PMID 42652293PMID 41586588PMID 41649263
moderate-confidence evidence

antiretroviral therapy · multiple reported outcomes

4 studies

Status: apparently conflicting; different clinical questions. Population: advanced; CD4 count. Comparator: multiple or inconsistently reported comparators.

  • The records use different or inconsistently reported comparators.
  • The records report different endpoints or outcome definitions.
  • The evidence combines different study designs.
  • Some abstracts do not state whether the primary endpoint was met.
unknown: 2harm: 1mixed: 1
PMID 35812431PMID 42531625PMID 41057277PMID 41890795
higher-confidence evidence

Chewing Gum · reported clinical outcomes

3 studies

Status: apparently conflicting; different clinical questions. Population: general population. Comparator: multiple or inconsistently reported comparators.

  • The records use different or inconsistently reported comparators.
  • The evidence combines different study designs.
  • Some abstracts do not state whether the primary endpoint was met.
null: 1mixed: 1unknown: 1
PMID 42228847PMID 41754174PMID 42142184
06

Failed or Negative Trials

07

Emerging and Experimental Research

08

Evidence Gaps

Detailed risk-of-bias assessment remains limited

PubMed abstracts often do not include enough methodological detail for a complete study-level risk-of-bias assessment.

R

Complete Ranked PubMed Index

The retrieval-priority score orders records using publication type, recency, sample-size signals, and replication signals. It is not a recommendation or a formal risk-of-bias grade.

Current Standard Of Care79 records
Rank112.0
Clinical guideline or consensus statement

Fostering healthy cognitive ageing in people living with HIV.

The lancet. HIV · 2025 · PMID 39615509

Prevalence and incidence of HIV among people aged 50 years and older continue to rise worldwide, generating increasing awareness among care providers, scientists, and the HIV community about the importance of brain health in older adults with HIV. Many age-related factors that adversely affect brain health can occur earlier and more often among people with HIV, including epigenetic ageing, chronic medical conditions (eg, cardiovascular disease), and age-related syndromes (eg, frailty). Extensive dialogue between HI…

Rank112.0
Clinical guideline or consensus statement

Clinical Practice Guideline on the Pharmacological Management of Antipsychotic-Related Dyslipidemia.

Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026 · PMID 42544493

BACKGROUND: People taking antipsychotic medicines and those with severe mental illness experience elevated cardiovascular risk compared to the general population which is not adequately addressed by existing guidelines. Increases in lipid levels can occur soon after starting antipsychotics but often go untreated. Cumulative exposure to dyslipidemia from childhood, through young adulthood, facilitates atherogenesis. Regression of early lesions is possible; however, plaque progression can be irreversible, leading to …

Rank110.0
Clinical guideline or consensus statement

[Chinese guideline for the chemotherapy of multidrug-resistant/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (2026 edition)].

Zhonghua jie he he hu xi za zhi = Zhonghua jiehe he huxi zazhi = Chinese journal of tuberculosis and respiratory diseases · 2026 · PMID 42236454

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) pose significant challenges to global tuberculosis prevention and treatment efforts. At present, the chemotherapy of MDR/RR-TB is still hampered by prolonged treatment duration and suboptimal success rates. In 2019, the Chinese Medical Association Tuberculosis Branch issued the Chinese Expert Consensus on the Treatment of MDR-TB and RR-TB, which has provided essential guidance for standardizing the diagnosis, treatment, and clin…

Rank110.0
Clinical guideline or consensus statement

Society of Critical Care Medicine Guidelines on Family-Centered Care for Adult ICUs: 2024.

Critical care medicine · 2025 · PMID 39982184

RATIONALE: For staff in adult ICUs, providing family-centered care is an essential skill that affects important outcomes for both patients and families. The COVID-19 pandemic placed unprecedented strain on care of ICU families, and practices for family engagement and support are still adjusting. OBJECTIVES: To review updated evidence for family support in adult ICUs, provide clear recommendations, and spotlight optimal family-centered care practices post-pandemic. PANEL DESIGN: The multiprofessional guideline panel…

Rank110.0
Clinical guideline or consensus statement

British Association of Sexual Health and HIV guidelines on the management of viral hepatitis 2026.

International journal of STD & AIDS · 2026 · PMID 42117446

The 2026 British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH) guidelines for the management of viral hepatitis are in line with current evidence and practice within the United Kingdom. We provide evidence-based recommendations for the prevention, diagnosis and initial management of viral hepatitis A, B, C and D. Key updates are detailed at the start of the article.

Rank110.0
Clinical guideline or consensus statement

Breastfeeding in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

Obstetrics and gynecology · 2026 · PMID 41926772

This Clinical Practice Update provides revised guidance regarding the opportunity for infant feeding in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) based on revised recommendations from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the American Academy of Pediatrics. This document updates the content in Committee Opinion No. 756, Optimizing Support for Breastfeeding as Part of Obstetric Practice (Obstet Gynecol 2018;132:e187-96).

Rank110.0
Clinical guideline or consensus statementResult signal: harm

[Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for persons living with HIV (SFGM-TC)].

Bulletin du cancer · 2026 · PMID 42103547

People living with HIV (PLWH) experienced an increased risk of heme malignancies. The place of cellular therapy as consolidation is well established in the general population, but remains to be confirmed in PLWH. Control of HIV has dramatically been improved due to combined antiretroviral therapy, and continuation of the treatment all through the graft procedure resulted in survival and TRM comparable with the general population. So, PLWH with an indication of auto- or allo-graft must be referred as eligible for th…

Rank110.0
Clinical guideline or consensus statement

Belgian guidance 2026 on management of pregnancy and breastfeeding in women living with HIV and their infants.

European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology · 2026 · PMID 42468119

INTRODUCTION: In 2021, a call was made to write a guidance for the management of pregnancy in women living with HIV (WLWH) in Belgium. METHODS: The call was sent to BREACH (Belgium Research on AIDS and HIV Consortium), a network of Belgian HIV Reference Centers, Laboratories and interest organizations in the field of HIV. The first working group (30 healthcare workers from 13 institutions) reviewed literature and had online discussions. This Guidance is an expert consensus document designed to answer real life clin…

Rank108.3
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Global prevalence of autoimmune diseases in turner syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Annals of medicine · 2025 · PMID 41243107

OBJECTIVE: Despite previous research linking Turner Syndrome (TS) with specific autoimmune conditions, a comprehensive analysis examining the broader relationship between sex chromosome abnormalities and multiple autoimmune diseases (AIDs) is lacking. This study aims to provide a meta-analysis of AID prevalence in TS, highlighting clinical implications and potential genetic links. METHODS: A systematic search of Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted from database inception to July 30, 2024, usin…

Rank107.8
Systematic review or meta-analysisResult signal: benefit

Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Psychosocial Interventions on Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence.

Nursing research · 2026 · PMID 41656685

BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is crucial for prolonging the lives of people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but adherence remains suboptimal. Psychosocial interventions show promise for improving ART adherence, yet no consensus exists on the most effective approach. OBJECTIVES: To identify the most effective psychosocial interventions for improving ART adherence in people with HIV. METHODS: Six databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and CENTRAL) were searched from their in…

Rank107.4
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Inflammatory Biomarkers Predicting Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in People Living With HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026 · PMID 42041228

INTRODUCTION: Chronic inflammation is a unique contributor to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among people living with HIV, yet there is a lack of consensus on the predictive utility of inflammatory biomarkers in this population. We conducted a systematic review assessing the predictive value of inflammatory biomarkers for major adverse cardiovascular events in people living with HIV to inform their potential integration into CVD risk assessment. METHODS: MEDLINE, Embase and Google Scholar were searched for artic…

Rank105.8
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Moxibustion for human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and its complications: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan · 2025 · PMID 41376214

OBJECTIVE: To comprehensively evaluate randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of moxibustion on people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted across eight electronic databases up to August 20, 2024. The primary outcome were all-cause mortality and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related mortality. Two authors independently screened titles and abstracts, and extracted data onto a pre-designed datasheet. Discrepancies were resolved …

Rank105.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Metal-artefact-reduction MRI for diagnosing periprosthetic joint infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Skeletal radiology · 2026 · PMID 41792512

BACKGROUND: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains one of the most serious. Advances in metal-artefact-reduction sequences (MARS) now allow for improved diagnostic quality imaging in the periprosthetic region. Early studies suggest the diagnostic efficacy of MARS, including subfeatures, yet no formal synthesis of available data exists. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA-DTA and PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Eligible studies include diagnostic accuracy studies reporting MA…

Rank103.4
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Interventions to improve viral suppression and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

The lancet. HIV · 2026 · PMID 42556371

BACKGROUND: In 2025, 78% of people living with HIV worldwide were on antiretroviral therapy 95% of people on treatment were virally suppressed. Suboptimal adherence, defined as not taking interventions as prescribed, threatens viral suppression and can lead to antiviral resistance, morbidity, mortality, and transmission. We updated a systematic review and network meta-analysis to estimate the effects of different adherence interventions on adherence and viral suppression. METHODS: In this systematic review and netw…

Rank102.4
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Dysregulated Metabolism in People Living With HIV in the Modern ART-Era: A Systematic Review of Targeted Metabolomics Studies.

Reviews in medical virology · 2026 · PMID 42406562

HIV remains a significant public health issue, with 1.3 million new infections and 630,000 deaths annually, and 40.8 million people living with HIV (PLHIV) globally in 2024. Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses viral replication, it does not eradicate the virus, and metabolic dysregulation persists despite treatment. Metabolomics allows for a detailed investigation of these alterations; however, targeted metabolomics studies in ART-treated PLHIV are limited, and there is no consensus on consistently dys…

Rank101.7
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Embedding a Choice Experiment in an Online Decision Aid or Tool: Scoping Review.

Journal of medical Internet research · 2025 · PMID 40117570

BACKGROUND: Decision aids empower patients to understand how treatment options match their preferences. Choice experiments, a method to clarify values used within decision aids, present patients with hypothetical scenarios to reveal their preferences for treatment characteristics. Given the rise in research embedding choice experiments in decision tools and the emergence of novel developments in embedding methodology, a scoping review is warranted. OBJECTIVE: This scoping review examines how choice experiments are …

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Sepsis in Dogs and Cats-Consensus Definition and Clinical Criteria.

Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001) · 2026 · PMID 42438185

Sepsis is the clinical syndrome that results from the host response to severe or widespread infection and is a frequent cause of death in veterinary critical care settings. Rapid diagnosis aids early treatment initiation, and hence, how sepsis is defined and identified clinically has implications for patient outcomes. Recent changes in the definitions of sepsis in human adult and pediatric patients have reduced the alignment of veterinary sepsis definitions with those in human medicine. We defined sepsis in cats an…

Rank98.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

[Cochlear implantation in Ménière's disease].

HNO · 2026 · PMID 41644838

Menière's disease is a chronic inner ear disorder characterized by recurrent vertigo attacks, tinnitus, and fluctuating hearing loss, which may progress to severe sensorineural hearing impairment in a subset of patients. Since 2015, international consensus criteria distinguish between definite and probable disease. Current therapeutic strategies follow a stepwise approach, ranging from non-ablative to ablative interventions. Cochlear implantation (CI) has emerged as an effective option for auditory rehabilitation a…

Rank98.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Towards consensus on the treatment of congenital craniofacial conditions: the discussion section of a doctoral thesis.

Journal of plastic surgery and hand surgery · 2026 · PMID 42095487

BACKGROUND: Congenital craniofacial conditions are a diverse group of rare and complex disorders, leading to significant functional and psychosocial challenges. Their rarity and variability hinder research and clinical standardisation, resulting in substantial practice variation across centres. International collaboration and high-quality evidence are therefore essential to improve and converge care for affected individuals. This article presents the discussion section of a doctoral thesis that addressed these chal…

Rank97.2
Randomized controlled trialResult signal: null

Frailty phenotype transitions and functional improvements during a supervised exercise trial in older people with HIV: results from the HEALTH Trial.

Age and ageing · 2026 · PMID 42407092

BACKGROUND: Frailty and sarcopenia contribute to functional decline in older people with HIV (PWH), yet intervention data remain limited. We evaluated changes in frailty phenotype status, sarcopenia-related outcomes and functional performance during a supervised exercise trial and assessed associations between baseline frailty, study withdrawal and intervention response. METHODS: The High-Intensity Exercise to Attenuate Limitations and Train Habits in Older Adults with HIV (HEALTH) study randomised sedentary PWH ag…

Rank85.0
Randomized clinical study

Operational strategies among infectious disease clinical trial sites during pandemics: a scoping review.

Trials · 2026 · PMID 41943131

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to examine documented strategies, challenges, and lessons related to clinical trial site operations during pandemics. METHODS: This review focused on seven major pandemics: COVID-19, HIV/AIDS, Ebola, SARS, MERS, H1N1, and Zika. Searches were conducted using PubMed and Embase between September 2024 and February 2025, yielding 7572 unique records. After dual screening, 47 articles met inclusion criteria, with an additional 8 identified through citation searching, for a total of 55. N…

Rank85.0
Randomized clinical study

Overview of a User-Centered, Mixed-Methods Process for Designing Interconnected and Focused Mobile Applications on Patient Care Environment (InterFACE): Augmented-Reality Decision Support System for Pediatric Resuscitation.

JMIR human factors · 2026 · PMID 41687005

BACKGROUND: Pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a highly complex and time-critical process that demands precise team coordination and strict adherence to pediatric advanced life support (PALS) guidelines. In real-world practice, adherence often deteriorates due to cognitive overload, fragmented communication, and disruption of information flow under stress. Although digital cognitive aids have shown potential to improve adherence, existing tools are often limited to single tasks, lack team-wide integra…

Rank82.0
Randomized controlled trial

Detection of replication-competent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in cultures from patients with levels of HIV-1 RNA in plasma suppressed to less than 500 or 50 copies per milliliter.

Journal of clinical microbiology · 2002 · PMID 12037070

We determined the frequency with which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures convert from positive to negative in subjects enrolled in a substudy of AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) 320, which compared the efficacy of treatment with a combination of indinavir, zidovudine, and lamivudine (indinavir arm) to that of a combination of zidovudine and lamivudine (dual-nucleoside arm). All subjects included for study had positive baseline HIV cultures. Cultures were performed in rea…

Rank75.6
Multicenter clinical study

Determinants of long-acting cabotegravir plus rilpivirine discontinuation in real-world HIV care: insights from the relativity cohort.

AIDS (London, England) · 2026 · PMID 41805169

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate real-world persistence with long-acting cabotegravir plus rilpivirine (CAB+RPV LA) in a nationwide cohort of virologically suppressed adults, describe the main clinical and structural reasons for discontinuation, and identify predictors of early interruption in routine practice. DESIGN: Ambispective, multicenter cohort study assessing the durability, safety, adherence, and virological outcomes of CAB+RPV LA implementation across 58 Spanish healthcare settings. METHODS: Adults initiating CAB+…

Rank52.6
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Real-world lymphoma cohort in an HIV-endemic setting: cohort design, epidemiological features and impact of implementing novel classification standards.

BMC cancer · 2026 · PMID 41928152

BACKGROUND: Lymphoma real-world observational data and accurate diagnostic systems are lacking in low-resource HIV-endemic settings. We established a new lymphoma registry to generate internationally comparable, clinically validated data, with up-to-date disease classification. We also describe our findings on aggressive B-cell lymphoma. METHODS: The descriptive retrospective cohort included patients ≥ 13 years of age newly diagnosed with lymphoma from 2005 to 2020. Patients were enrolled at a single site in a regi…

Diagnosis And Screening178 records
Rank112.0
Clinical guideline or consensus statement

Fostering healthy cognitive ageing in people living with HIV.

The lancet. HIV · 2025 · PMID 39615509

Prevalence and incidence of HIV among people aged 50 years and older continue to rise worldwide, generating increasing awareness among care providers, scientists, and the HIV community about the importance of brain health in older adults with HIV. Many age-related factors that adversely affect brain health can occur earlier and more often among people with HIV, including epigenetic ageing, chronic medical conditions (eg, cardiovascular disease), and age-related syndromes (eg, frailty). Extensive dialogue between HI…

Rank109.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Mortality risk in patients with urological malignancies and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.

Cancer pathogenesis and therapy · 2026 · PMID 42643168

BACKGROUND: The extended survival of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) has shifted cancer burdens toward urological malignancies. PLWH exhibit unique clinical patterns, including a younger age at diagnosis for renal cell carcinoma and more advanced stage at presentation of prostate and bladder cancers, which are compounded by inequities in health care access and HIV-specific mechanisms such as chronic immunosuppression. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted across five databases (Web…

Rank106.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

A global overview of microsporidia infection in HIV/AIDS patients: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

International health · 2026 · PMID 41601338

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to update the global estimates of microsporidia prevalence, species/genotype distribution and clinical correlates among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. METHODS: A systematic search of international databases was conducted for studies published between 1 January 2017 and 11 October 2025. Pooled prevalence and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using a random effects model with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Thirty-nine studi…

Rank105.6
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Cervical length surveillance for predicting spontaneous preterm birth in women with congenital uterine anomalies: A systematic review and diagnostic accuracy meta-analysis.

European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology · 2026 · PMID 42541967

BACKGROUND: The role of transvaginal cervical length surveillance in predicting spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) in women with congenital uterine anomalies (CUA) remains unclear. This study is a systematic review and diagnostic accuracy meta-analysis of its predictive value in this population. METHODS: A literature review of MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library was conducted from inception to December 2025. Observational studies assessing second-trimester cervical length measurement in pregnant women with CUAs were…

Rank103.6
Systematic review or meta-analysisResult signal: harm

Anal High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions in People Living with HIV: A Systematic Review of Treatment Outcomes.

Cancers · 2026 · PMID 42649891

Background/Objectives: People living with HIV (PLWH) are at substantially increased risk of anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), a recognized precursor of anal cancer. Although the ANCHOR trial demonstrated that treatment reduces progression to invasive disease, important uncertainties remain regarding durability of response, recurrence patterns, and treatment-related toxicity across available therapeutic strategies. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of studies evaluating treatment outco…

Rank102.2
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Effects of targeted interventions on HIV testing, knowledge and sexual risk behaviours among long-distance truck drivers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BMJ open · 2026 · PMID 42457421

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to systematically summarise and quantify the empirical evidence on targeted interventions and their effects on various HIV prevention outcomes for long-distance truck drivers (LDTDs) globally. DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: We searched PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC), Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), ProQuest Central, EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect, World Health Organisation (Global Index Medicus), Cochrane Library, Scientific Electronic Lib…

Rank101.7
Systematic review or meta-analysis

A systematic review of qualitative research on HIV and food insecurity in high-income countries.

AIDS (London, England) · 2026 · PMID 42186786

OBJECTIVES: Food insecurity leads to adverse health outcomes in people living with HIV, including obesity, poor mental health and viral non-suppression. Qualitative studies in low- and middle-income countries have described the impact of food insecurity on medication adherence. However, limited qualitative research exists on the lived experiences of food insecurity among people living with HIV in high-income countries (HICs). We aimed to synthesize qualitative literature on food insecurity among people living with …

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Diagnostic accuracy of tests for visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease · 2026 · PMID 42424806

This systematic review assessed the diagnostic accuracy of tests for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania infantum in individuals with suspected disease, including people living with HIV and other immunocompromising conditions. Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria, eight of which included VL-HIV coinfected patients. Among immunocompetent individuals, rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and kDNA-PCR showed the highest accuracy compared with parasitological reference methods, with diagnostic odds ratios …

Rank99.3
Randomized controlled trial

Comparable Inflammatory and Metabolic Outcomes After Switching to Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide Versus Continuing Dolutegravir/Lamivudine in Virologically Suppressed Adults With HIV (INSTINCT/GESIDA10918 Study).

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026 · PMID 41070447

BACKGROUND: Dual antiretroviral therapy (ART) with dolutegravir/lamivudine (DTG/3TC) is widely used in virologically suppressed individuals. However, data remain limited on potential differential effects of ART regimens on mid-term systemic inflammation and metabolic health. We evaluated whether switching from DTG/3TC to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) modifies systemic inflammation or metabolic parameters. METHODS: INSTINCT was a phase IV, multicenter, open-label, randomized trial enr…

Rank98.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Towards consensus on the treatment of congenital craniofacial conditions: the discussion section of a doctoral thesis.

Journal of plastic surgery and hand surgery · 2026 · PMID 42095487

BACKGROUND: Congenital craniofacial conditions are a diverse group of rare and complex disorders, leading to significant functional and psychosocial challenges. Their rarity and variability hinder research and clinical standardisation, resulting in substantial practice variation across centres. International collaboration and high-quality evidence are therefore essential to improve and converge care for affected individuals. This article presents the discussion section of a doctoral thesis that addressed these chal…

Rank96.7
Randomized controlled trial

Implementation of Health Insurance Navigation for Racial/Ethnic Minority Men Who Have Sex With Men Presenting for Community-Based HIV Testing.

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2026 · PMID 41921928

OBJECTIVE: Being uninsured is a barrier to accessing HIV prevention and treatment. This study assesses the implementation of health insurance navigation. DESIGN: Randomized structural intervention conducted from 2018 to 2020 in Chicago, IL. Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino men who have sex with men presenting for community-based HIV testing (N = 230) were offered a single session of health insurance navigation immediately after their HIV test, regardless of HIV test result. METHODS: Using descriptive stat…

Rank96.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Intraoperative electrodiagnostic testing as a decision-making tool for neonatal brachial plexus palsy: a scoping review.

The Journal of hand surgery, European volume · 2026 · PMID 42661336

INTRODUCTION: Neonatal brachial plexus palsy causes upper extremity paralysis owing to birth-related brachial plexus injury. Although intraoperative electrodiagnostic techniques are routinely used to guide nerve repair in adult brachial plexus surgery, their utility in neonatal cases remains unclear. This scoping review examines whether intraoperative electrodiagnosis aids surgical decision-making, particularly in distinguishing cases amenable to neurolysis, from those that may benefit from nerve reconstruction. ME…

Rank95.2
Randomized controlled trialResult signal: null

Expressive writing intervention on optimism and coping modes of newly diagnosed people with human immunodeficiency virus: A randomized controlled trial.

Medicine · 2026 · PMID 42216406

BACKGROUND: To investigate the effect of expressive writing intervention on optimism and coping modes of newly diagnosed people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). METHODS: A total of 84 newly diagnosed people with HIV in the care clinic of Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu were randomly and equally divided into 2 groups with 42 patients in each group for a randomized controlled trial. The control group received 8-week regular health education and psychological guidance. The test group received an 8-wee…

Rank89.0
Randomized controlled trialResult signal: harm

Relationship Between Anemia and Systemic Inflammation in People Living With HIV and Tuberculosis: A Sub-Analysis of the CADIRIS Clinical Trial.

Frontiers in immunology · 2022 · PMID 35812431

People with HIV (PWH) are at increased risk of developing active tuberculosis (TB), and anemia is a common complication in both conditions. Anemia in TB patients has been linked to immune activation, levels of inflammatory biomarkers in blood, and risk for HIV disease progression and death. In this study we show that anemia was associated with a more pronounced inflammatory profile in HIV-TB coinfected persons in a cohort of 159 individuals with advanced HIV disease (CD4 count < 100 cells/µL) recruited as part of a…

Rank87.0
Randomized clinical study

[Anal cancer screening: who, how, and why?].

Virologie (Montrouge, France) · 2026 · PMID 41789701

Although anal cancer remains rare in the general population, it is becoming more prevalent, particularly in high-income countries such as France, where the incidence rate is among the highest in the world. Over 90 % of anal cancers are caused by high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV), particularly HPV16. Although two-thirds of cases occur in women, certain groups are at a higher risk, including men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV, women living with HIV, women with a history of high-grade vulvar lesions…

Rank85.0
Randomized clinical studyResult signal: harm

Improving HIV testing, linkage, and retention in care among South African men through U = U messaging: A study protocol for two sequential hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation randomized controlled trials.

PloS one · 2024 · PMID 39585844

BACKGROUND: Increasing HIV testing and treatment coverage among people living with HIV (PLHIV) is essential for achieving global HIV epidemic control. However, compared to women, cis-gender heterosexual men living with HIV are significantly less likely to know their HIV status, initiate anti-retroviral therapy (ART) and achieve viral suppression. This is particularly true in South Africa, where men are also at increased risk of mortality resulting from AIDS-related illnesses. While there is growing knowledge of Tre…

Rank85.0
Randomized clinical study

Screening for Hypertension in adolescents living with HIV: Protocol for a cluster randomized trial to improve guideline adherence.

PloS one · 2024 · PMID 38701070

BACKGROUND: Although AIDS-related deaths have reduced with increased access to antiretroviral care, cardiovascular disease-related morbidities among persons living with HIV are rising. Contributing to this is the higher incidence of Hypertension among Persons Living with HIV. The duration of exposure to the virus and antiretroviral drugs plays a vital role in the pathogenesis, putting perinatally infected children and adolescents at higher risk than behaviorally-infected ones, supporting the calls for increased sur…

Rank85.0
Randomized clinical study

Adaptation of a Protocol to Evaluate Online Recruitment Strategies for Mailing HIV Self-Tests and Pilot an Intervention to Improve Linkage to HIV Prevention and Care Among Transgender Women: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

JMIR research protocols · 2026 · PMID 41719490

BACKGROUND: Transgender women are disproportionately affected by HIV in the United States. Evidence shows that HIV self-testing increases awareness of HIV status, preventing transmission. Culturally appropriate strategies are needed to provide HIV self-tests (HIVSTs) to transgender women. OBJECTIVE: This paper aims to describe an adaptation for transgender women of a comparative effectiveness trial of an intervention (Know@Home website) on the use of HIVSTs, counseling, and linkage of participants to appropriate se…

Rank83.0
Randomized clinical studyCorrection flagged

Effects of Pitavastatin on Coronary Artery Disease and Inflammatory Biomarkers in HIV: Mechanistic Substudy of the REPRIEVE Randomized Clinical Trial.

JAMA cardiology · 2024 · PMID 38381407

IMPORTANCE: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increased in people with HIV (PWH) and is characterized by premature noncalcified coronary plaque. In the Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV (REPRIEVE), pitavastatin reduced major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) by 35% over a median of 5.1 years. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of pitavastatin on noncalcified coronary artery plaque by coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) and on inflammatory biomarkers as potential mechanisms for MACE p…

Rank80.1
Phase II clinical trial

Semaglutide improves markers of cardiovascular risk in people with HIV.

AIDS (London, England) · 2026 · PMID 42084141

OBJECTIVE: Semaglutide improves cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in people who are diabetic, overweight, or obese through incompletely understood mechanisms. To address this, we explored novel lipidomic and lipoprotein/glycoprotein profiling with semaglutide therapy. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of SLIM LIVER (ACTG A5371), an open-label, phase 2b, single-arm trial of 1 mg semaglutide weekly in adult people with HIV (PWH) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. METHODS: Participants ( n = 36) ex…

Rank78.7
Multicenter clinical study

FUO-PETMamba: a pet maximum-intensity-projection-based artificial intelligence framework for aetiological classification of fever of unknown origin with multicentre validation.

European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026 · PMID 42435203

BACKGROUND: Fever of unknown origin (FUO) remains diagnostically challenging because of heterogeneous causes, non-specific clinical manifestations, and overlapping imaging findings. We developed and validated FUO-PETMamba, a PET maximum-intensity-projection (MIP)-based artificial intelligence framework for AI-assisted aetiological classification of FUO. METHODS: This retrospective multicentre study included 681 patients with FUO who underwent baseline [18 F]FDG PET/CT, comprising one development cohort (n = 355) an…

Rank76.4
Multicenter clinical study

Associations Between Sustained Methamphetamine/Amphetamine Use and Left Ventricular Dysfunction in a Cohort of Women Living With and Without HIV.

Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026 · PMID 41744114

BACKGROUND: Substance use is associated with cardiac disease, and women with HIV have a disproportionately high prevalence of substance use. However, the extent to which ongoing use of multiple substances relates to specific cardiovascular conditions in women with HIV and sociodemographically similar women without HIV ("at risk for HIV") remains understudied. METHODS: We measured left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) and diastolic dysfunction (LVDD), conditions that precede clinical heart failure, among 1651…

Rank73.0
Multicenter clinical studyResult signal: harm

Association Between Syphilitic Posterior Uveitis, VDRL Titer and HIV Co-Infection.

Ocular immunology and inflammation · 2026 · PMID 42066101

PURPOSE: Our primary goal is to study the relationship between Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) testing and posterior segment involvement by syphilis. Secondary goals include characterizing the epidemiological and clinical features of syphilitic posterior uveitis in a national multicenter cohort, and assessing the impact of HIV co-infection on disease presentation. METHODS: Retrospective, observational, multicenter study of syphilitic posterior uveitis with serologic confirmation. A review of medical rec…

Rank72.2
Multicenter clinical study

Ablation of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias from the right ventricular apex.

Heart rhythm · 2026 · PMID 41274323

BACKGROUND: Idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) from the right ventricle (RV) are well-described, but limited data exist regarding those from the RV apex. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to define the electrocardiographic (ECG) characteristics and ablation outcomes of RV apical VAs, including premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) and ventricular tachycardia. METHODS: Patients undergoing catheter ablation for RV apical VAs at 3 centers were retrospectively analyzed. VAs from the moderator band, pap…

Rank70.6
Prospective cohort studyResult signal: benefit

From Awareness to Action Study: Improving Human Papillomavirus Knowledge, Screening and Vaccine Uptake Among Mother-Adolescent Pairs in the HOMINY Study in Nigeria: A Longitudinal Study.

Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026 · PMID 42499163

INTRODUCTION: Persistent cervical infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) in women is a leading cause of cervical cancer, and its co-infection among people living with HIV increases the risk of other HPV-associated cancers, including oropharyngeal and anogenital cancers. In sub-Saharan Africa, awareness of HPV is limited, screening and vaccine adoption are critically low, undermining efforts towards sexually transmitted infection (STI) elimination. METHODS: From Awareness to ACTion (FACT) study assessed…

Evidence Syntheses127 records
Rank112.0
Clinical guideline or consensus statement

Fostering healthy cognitive ageing in people living with HIV.

The lancet. HIV · 2025 · PMID 39615509

Prevalence and incidence of HIV among people aged 50 years and older continue to rise worldwide, generating increasing awareness among care providers, scientists, and the HIV community about the importance of brain health in older adults with HIV. Many age-related factors that adversely affect brain health can occur earlier and more often among people with HIV, including epigenetic ageing, chronic medical conditions (eg, cardiovascular disease), and age-related syndromes (eg, frailty). Extensive dialogue between HI…

Rank110.0
Clinical guideline or consensus statement

British Association of Sexual Health and HIV guidelines on the management of viral hepatitis 2026.

International journal of STD & AIDS · 2026 · PMID 42117446

The 2026 British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH) guidelines for the management of viral hepatitis are in line with current evidence and practice within the United Kingdom. We provide evidence-based recommendations for the prevention, diagnosis and initial management of viral hepatitis A, B, C and D. Key updates are detailed at the start of the article.

Rank110.0
Clinical guideline or consensus statement

Belgian guidance 2026 on management of pregnancy and breastfeeding in women living with HIV and their infants.

European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology · 2026 · PMID 42468119

INTRODUCTION: In 2021, a call was made to write a guidance for the management of pregnancy in women living with HIV (WLWH) in Belgium. METHODS: The call was sent to BREACH (Belgium Research on AIDS and HIV Consortium), a network of Belgian HIV Reference Centers, Laboratories and interest organizations in the field of HIV. The first working group (30 healthcare workers from 13 institutions) reviewed literature and had online discussions. This Guidance is an expert consensus document designed to answer real life clin…

Rank110.0
Clinical guideline or consensus statement

Society of Critical Care Medicine Guidelines on Family-Centered Care for Adult ICUs: 2024.

Critical care medicine · 2025 · PMID 39982184

RATIONALE: For staff in adult ICUs, providing family-centered care is an essential skill that affects important outcomes for both patients and families. The COVID-19 pandemic placed unprecedented strain on care of ICU families, and practices for family engagement and support are still adjusting. OBJECTIVES: To review updated evidence for family support in adult ICUs, provide clear recommendations, and spotlight optimal family-centered care practices post-pandemic. PANEL DESIGN: The multiprofessional guideline panel…

Rank109.9
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Prevalence of opportunistic fungal infections (candidiasis and cryptococcal meningitis) among HIV-positive individuals in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA compliant).

Medicine · 2026 · PMID 42629665

BACKGROUND: Individuals with compromised immune systems, particularly those living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), face an elevated risk of opportunistic fungal infections (OFIs), including candidiasis and cryptococcal meningitis. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of OFIs among HIV-positive individuals across different regions of Ethiopia. METHODS: English-language articles were identified through a comprehensive search of online databases, including ScienceD…

Rank109.1
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Factors associated with mortality and recurrence among patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB): a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression.

Infectious diseases (London, England) · 2026 · PMID 42017750

BACKGROUND: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains a major global health concern due to its high mortality and recurrence rates. Understanding the factors associated with these adverse outcomes is essential for guiding targeted interventions and strengthening TB control strategies. OBJECTIVE: To synthesise evidence on factors associated with mortality and recurrence among patients with MDR-TB. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analyses were conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Searches were perform…

Rank108.6
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Evidence for the efficacy and safety of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in all populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

AIDS care · 2026 · PMID 41628281

PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) is a medication used to prevent HIV infection, with the combination of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and emtricitabine (FTC) being the most commonly used formulation. This review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PrEP across various populations based on recent studies. Studies published in English, Portuguese, or Spanish from 2018 to 2023 that provided data on HIV incidence or adverse events (AEs) associated with PrEP use were included. Two meta-analyses were conducte…

Rank108.4
Systematic review or meta-analysis

The impact of HIV coinfection on mpox patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Emerging microbes & infections · 2026 · PMID 42461714

A substantial proportion of mpox cases occur in people with HIV, but how HIV coinfection and immune status affect clinical outcomes remains unclear. We systematically searched major databases up to March 2025 for observational studies comparing mpox patients with and without HIV coinfection. Pooled effect sizes were calculated using random-effects models. Risk ratios (RRs) or standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals were used for dichotomous or continuous outcomes. Post hoc subgroup analys…

Rank108.3
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Immunogenicity and safety of prophylactic HPV vaccines in people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026 · PMID 42684271

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major global public health concern, causing genital warts and cancers of the cervix, anus, oropharynx, vulva, and penis. People living with HIV (PLWH) face a disproportionately elevated burden of HPV infection and HPV-related malignancies due to chronic immunosuppression. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis searching six databases from January 2006 to June 2026 without language restrictions. Twenty-five studies were included in the systematic review; 12 independent stu…

Rank108.3
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Global prevalence of autoimmune diseases in turner syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Annals of medicine · 2025 · PMID 41243107

OBJECTIVE: Despite previous research linking Turner Syndrome (TS) with specific autoimmune conditions, a comprehensive analysis examining the broader relationship between sex chromosome abnormalities and multiple autoimmune diseases (AIDs) is lacking. This study aims to provide a meta-analysis of AID prevalence in TS, highlighting clinical implications and potential genetic links. METHODS: A systematic search of Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted from database inception to July 30, 2024, usin…

Rank108.2
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Quality of Life in Children With Cochlear Implants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Different Quality of Life Domains.

Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2026 · PMID 42525886

PURPOSE: The primary objective of this study was to assess the quality of life (QoL) in children with cochlear implants (CIs) from the children's and parents' perspectives through utilizing the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) and KINDL questionnaires. A secondary objective was to compare the QoL of children with CIs to those using hearing aids and to children with normal hearing (NH). METHOD: A total of 1,830 records were obtained since the search was systematically carried out across databases, which …

Rank108.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Patient Decision Aids for Women With Urinary Incontinence: A Systematic Review.

Urogynecology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026 · PMID 42165445

IMPORTANCE: Across the urinary incontinence (UI) care continuum, women face multiple decision points from seeking an evaluation to selecting and pursuing treatment. Patient decision aids (PDAs) may facilitate decision making for UI care. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to evaluate the availability, effectiveness, and quality of PDAs for women with UI. STUDY DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. MEDLI…

Rank108.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Effectiveness of conditional cash transfers for uptake and retention in HIV prevention of mother-to-child transmission services in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

JBI evidence synthesis · 2025 · PMID 40539478

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize the best available evidence on the effectiveness of conditional cash transfers for the uptake and retention in prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services among pregnant and/or breastfeeding women with HIV in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). INTRODUCTION: Regardless of the effectiveness of PMTCT services, uptake and retention in such services remains low in LMICs. Conditional cash transfers are considered an important stra…

Rank107.9
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Lenacapavir as pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026 · PMID 41919720

RATIONALE: Globally, there are 1.3 million new HIV infections annually, with a disproportionate burden on young women and girls, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (63% of new infections). Despite the demonstrated effectiveness of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), global uptake remains low, reaching only 16.5% of the UNAIDS 2025 target. PrEP adherence is suboptimal in vulnerable populations. There is an urgent need to develop and implement alternative, user-friendly PrEP strategies like long-acting formulations that m…

Rank107.9
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Virologic Failure and Emergent Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor Drug Resistance With Long-Acting Cabotegravir for HIV Treatment: A Meta-analysis.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025 · PMID 39724249

BACKGROUND: The long-acting injectable regimen of cabotegravir plus rilpivirine (CAB/RPV) emerged as an alternative to oral standard-of-care integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-based regimens for individuals with adherence challenges or preference for reduced dosing schedules. Although oral INSTI regimens have a high barrier to emergent resistance, less is known about the potency and durability of CAB/RPV. METHODS: We reviewed clinical trial registries, PubMed, EMBASE, and conference abstract databases to i…

Rank107.8
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Incidence of neonatal sepsis among HIV exposed neonates of mothers on integrase strand transfer inhibitors in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BMC infectious diseases · 2026 · PMID 42601609

INTRODUCTION: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-exposed infants face elevated risks of neonatal sepsis, influenced by maternal antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens. Dolutegravir (DTG), a widely used integrase transfer inhibitor (INSTI), and the preferred first line drugs for management of HIV in pregnancy, has shown potential adverse effects such as hyperglycaemia, which may impact neonatal outcomes including risk of neonatal sepsis. We estimated the pooled incidence of neonatal sepsis among neonates exposed to I…

Rank107.7
Systematic review or meta-analysis

The relationship between digit ratio (2D:4D) and autoimmune diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Early human development · 2026 · PMID 42034071

OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between the second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) and autoimmune diseases (AIDs). METHODS: Relevant studies were retrieved from multiple databases up to October 2025. The 2D:4D ratio of both hands (2D:4D R + L), right hand minus left hand (ΔR - L 2D:4D), right hand (2D:4D R), left hand (2D:4D L), and Type 3 finger pattern (index finger shorter than the ring finger) were extracted. The pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) and odds ratio (OR) with their respective 95% confide…

Rank107.5
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Effect of behavioral interventions on contraceptive use among women living with HIV: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Reproductive health · 2026 · PMID 42343446

BACKGROUND: Contraceptive use is a cost-effective public health strategy to prevent unplanned pregnancy, maternal mortality and morbidity, and reduce vertical HIV transmission. However, contraceptive use remains low among women living with HIV. Reviews examining effect of behavioral interventions on contraceptive use among women living with HIV using randomized controlled trials are limited. We evaluated the effect of behavioral interventions on contraceptive use among women living with HIV using randomized control…

Rank107.3
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Estimated global and regional causes of deaths from diarrhoea in children younger than 5 years during 2000-21: a systematic review and Bayesian multinomial analysis.

The Lancet. Global health · 2024 · PMID 38648812

BACKGROUND: Information on the causes of deaths from diarrhoea in children younger than 5 years is needed to design improved preventive and therapeutic approaches. We aimed to conduct a systematic analysis of studies to report estimates of the causes of deaths from diarrhoea in children younger than 5 years at global and regional levels during 2000-21. METHODS: For this systematic review and Bayesian multinomial analysis, we included 12 pathogens with the highest attributable incidence in the Global Enteric Multice…

Rank107.1
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Efficacy and safety of doravirine/islatravir for HIV-1: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

HIV research & clinical practice · 2026 · PMID 42400399

BACKGROUND: The combination of doravirine and islatravir (DOR/ISL) is a novel two-drug regimen for HIV-1. Early development faced challenges due to dose-dependent immunological signals. We aimed to synthesize the evidence on the efficacy and safety of DOR/ISL across all treatment-experience categories, specifically evaluating the impact of islatravir dosage (0.25 mg vs 0.75 mg) on clinical and immunological outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) …

Rank106.9
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Effectiveness of the primary Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine against the risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis disease: a meta-analysis of individual participant data.

The Lancet. Microbe · 2025 · PMID 39709975

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis vaccine trials using disease as the primary endpoint are large, time consuming, and expensive. An earlier immunological measure of the protection against disease would accelerate tuberculosis vaccine development. We aimed to assess whether the effectiveness of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine for prevention of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection was consistent with that for prevention of tuberculosis disease. METHODS: We conducted an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysi…

Rank106.7
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Hearing aids for mild to moderate hearing loss in adults.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026 · PMID 42644645

RATIONALE: This is an update of an existing review. The main clinical intervention for mild to moderate hearing loss is the provision of hearing aids, which amplify speech in addition to environmental sounds. Hearing aids are routinely offered and fitted to those who seek help for hearing difficulties. Since the previous 2017 review, further randomised-controlled trials (RCTs) have been published. This review updates the certainty of the evidence and assesses two additional outcomes: mental health and cognition. OB…

Rank106.4
Systematic review or meta-analysis

A Meta-Analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drug Resistance in Pakistan.

Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP · 2026 · PMID 42698251

Human immunodeficiency virus drug resistance (HIVDR) creates a threat to the extended success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) while making it harder to control the HIV epidemic. In this study, a meta-analysis was conducted to analyse Pakistani studies from 2015 to 2025 that documented HIVDR prevalence and resistance-associated mutations (RAMs). The review included studies that analysed ART-experienced and ART- naive participants with available sequencing data. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to estimat…

Rank106.1
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Prevalence of HIV-associated nephropathy in children: a systematic review with meta-analysis of studies published between 2004 and 2019.

Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026 · PMID 41649528

INTRODUCTION: Despite major advances in antiretroviral therapy, HIV infection remains a significant global public health challenge. HIV can directly affect the kidneys, leading to HIV-associated nephropathy in children, a condition characterized by proteinuria, elevated serum creatinine, and kidney enlargement. HIV-associated nephropathy is a serious complication that may progress to kidney failure and death. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of HIV-associated nephropathy in children. METHODS: We searched PubMe…

Rank106.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

A global overview of microsporidia infection in HIV/AIDS patients: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

International health · 2026 · PMID 41601338

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to update the global estimates of microsporidia prevalence, species/genotype distribution and clinical correlates among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. METHODS: A systematic search of international databases was conducted for studies published between 1 January 2017 and 11 October 2025. Pooled prevalence and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using a random effects model with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Thirty-nine studi…

Landmark Evidence71 records
Rank112.0
Clinical guideline or consensus statement

Fostering healthy cognitive ageing in people living with HIV.

The lancet. HIV · 2025 · PMID 39615509

Prevalence and incidence of HIV among people aged 50 years and older continue to rise worldwide, generating increasing awareness among care providers, scientists, and the HIV community about the importance of brain health in older adults with HIV. Many age-related factors that adversely affect brain health can occur earlier and more often among people with HIV, including epigenetic ageing, chronic medical conditions (eg, cardiovascular disease), and age-related syndromes (eg, frailty). Extensive dialogue between HI…

Rank108.5
Systematic review or meta-analysis

What is polypharmacy in people living with HIV/AIDS? A systematic review.

AIDS research and therapy · 2022 · PMID 35918746

Polypharmacy in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) is a rising morbidity that exacts hefty economic burden on health budgets in addition to other adverse clinical outcomes. Despite recent advances, uncertainty remains around its exact definition in PLWHA. In this systematic review and Meta-analysis, we explored relevant databases (PUBMED, EMBASE, CROI) for studies evaluating polypharmacy in PLWHA from January 2000 to August 2021 to ascertain the exact numerical threshold that defines this morbidity. Two independen…

Rank108.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Effectiveness of conditional cash transfers for uptake and retention in HIV prevention of mother-to-child transmission services in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

JBI evidence synthesis · 2025 · PMID 40539478

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize the best available evidence on the effectiveness of conditional cash transfers for the uptake and retention in prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services among pregnant and/or breastfeeding women with HIV in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). INTRODUCTION: Regardless of the effectiveness of PMTCT services, uptake and retention in such services remains low in LMICs. Conditional cash transfers are considered an important stra…

Rank107.9
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Lenacapavir as pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026 · PMID 41919720

RATIONALE: Globally, there are 1.3 million new HIV infections annually, with a disproportionate burden on young women and girls, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (63% of new infections). Despite the demonstrated effectiveness of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), global uptake remains low, reaching only 16.5% of the UNAIDS 2025 target. PrEP adherence is suboptimal in vulnerable populations. There is an urgent need to develop and implement alternative, user-friendly PrEP strategies like long-acting formulations that m…

Rank107.3
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Antiviral therapy for cytomegalovirus retinitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Survey of ophthalmology · 2025 · PMID 39549781

Cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) is a significant cause of blindness in patients with advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). There are no established guidelines for its treatment, resulting in varied antiviral approaches. We pooled data from 59 studies (4501 patients) to evaluate treatment variations and outcomes (CRD42022321088). Overall pooled estimates showed visual acuity improvement at 18 % (95 % CI: 7-41 %), inflammation resolution at 90 % (95 % CI: 81-95 %), retinal detachment at 11 % (95 % CI: …

Rank107.3
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Estimated global and regional causes of deaths from diarrhoea in children younger than 5 years during 2000-21: a systematic review and Bayesian multinomial analysis.

The Lancet. Global health · 2024 · PMID 38648812

BACKGROUND: Information on the causes of deaths from diarrhoea in children younger than 5 years is needed to design improved preventive and therapeutic approaches. We aimed to conduct a systematic analysis of studies to report estimates of the causes of deaths from diarrhoea in children younger than 5 years at global and regional levels during 2000-21. METHODS: For this systematic review and Bayesian multinomial analysis, we included 12 pathogens with the highest attributable incidence in the Global Enteric Multice…

Rank107.0
Systematic review or meta-analysisResult signal: harm

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Incident Heart Failure: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies.

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2021 · PMID 33492019

OBJECTIVES: To systematically analyze available prospective evidence on the association between HIV infection and incident heart failure (HF). METHODS: A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and manual search of relevant articles through June 1st, 2020, was conducted. Two authors independently performed full-text assessments and data extraction. The pooled relative risk with 95% confidence interval was estimated using DerSimonian and Laird random-effects models, with inverse-variance fixed-effects m…

Rank106.7
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Hearing aids for mild to moderate hearing loss in adults.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026 · PMID 42644645

RATIONALE: This is an update of an existing review. The main clinical intervention for mild to moderate hearing loss is the provision of hearing aids, which amplify speech in addition to environmental sounds. Hearing aids are routinely offered and fitted to those who seek help for hearing difficulties. Since the previous 2017 review, further randomised-controlled trials (RCTs) have been published. This review updates the certainty of the evidence and assesses two additional outcomes: mental health and cognition. OB…

Rank104.8
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Executive function in HIV-affected children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analyses.

AIDS care · 2021 · PMID 33764813

This review aimed to determine: whether EF is affected in children and adolescents (2-24-years-old) with perinatal HIV infection, perinatal HIV exposure without infection, and behaviourally acquired HIV. A systematic review (PROSPERO number: CRD42017067813) was conducted using 11 electronic databases (01.01.1981-09.07.2019) and 8 conference websites. Primary quantitative studies with EF scores on cognitive tasks and/or behavioural report measures were included. Meta-analyses were performed by EF subtype and subpopu…

Rank103.8
Systematic review or meta-analysisResult signal: harm

A Systematic Review of Risk Factors for Suicide Among Persons Living with HIV (1996-2020).

AIDS and behavior · 2022 · PMID 35107660

Persons living with HIV (PWH) are at elevated risk for suicide. We conducted a systematic literature review following PRISMA-P guidelines to examine risk factors associated with suicide as a cause of morbidity among PWH. We searched six electronic databases using search terms (suicide, suicide attempt, self-harm, self-injurious behavior, HIV, AIDS, PWH). We focused on factors that were specific to HIV infection (CD4 count, HIV-1 RNA, and antiretroviral therapy [ART]). The initial search yielded N = 2657 studies. El…

Rank103.8
Systematic review or meta-analysisResult signal: mixed

Isoniazid preventive therapy plus antiretroviral therapy for the prevention of tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data.

The lancet. HIV · 2021 · PMID 33387480

BACKGROUND: Isoniazid preventive therapy prevents active tuberculosis in people with HIV, but previous studies have found no evidence of benefit in people with HIV who had a negative tuberculin skin test, and a non-significant effect on mortality. We aimed to estimate the effect of isoniazid preventive therapy given with antiretroviral therapy (ART) for the prevention of tuberculosis and death among people with HIV across population subgroups. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane database, and conferen…

Rank103.3
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Communicating empathy sympathy and compassion in healthcare consultations: a systematic review of applied linguistic research.

BMC health services research · 2026 · PMID 42120983

BACKGROUND: Communicating with empathy is an essential skill for healthcare professionals (HCPs). However, current communication training curricula fail to show how empathy communication is done, hindering the effectiveness of this training. This systematic review synthesizes applied linguistic research that shows how empathy is communicated, and what functions empathy communication serves. METHOD: We included research that analysed naturalistic recorded interactions between HCPs and patients in all healthcare sett…

Rank102.8
Systematic review or meta-analysisResult signal: harm

Tuberculosis in children who are HIV-exposed uninfected.

AIDS (London, England) · 2026 · PMID 42138367

OBJECTIVES: 1.3 million children are born each year to mothers with HIV but remain HIV-uninfected; more than 70% of these children live in settings with high tuberculosis (TB) burden. Whether children who are HIV-exposed uninfected (cHEU) are at increased risk of TB infection and disease is debated. DESIGN: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of TB infection and disease in cHEU versus children who are HIV-unexposed uninfected (cHUU) and children with HIV (CWH). METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, We…

Rank102.5
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Mental health and retention in HIV care: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2018 · PMID 29781655

OBJECTIVE: Mental health (MH) diagnoses, which are prevalent among persons living with HIV infection, might be linked to failed retention in HIV care. This review synthesized the quantitative evidence regarding associations between MH diagnoses or symptoms and retention in HIV care, as well as determined if MH service utilization (MHSU) is associated with improved retention in HIV care. METHOD: A comprehensive search of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's HIV/AIDS Prevention Research Synthesis database…

Rank102.2
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Effects of targeted interventions on HIV testing, knowledge and sexual risk behaviours among long-distance truck drivers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BMJ open · 2026 · PMID 42457421

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to systematically summarise and quantify the empirical evidence on targeted interventions and their effects on various HIV prevention outcomes for long-distance truck drivers (LDTDs) globally. DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: We searched PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC), Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), ProQuest Central, EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect, World Health Organisation (Global Index Medicus), Cochrane Library, Scientific Electronic Lib…

Rank102.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Hearing-Functioning Problems Across High-Burden Adult Health Conditions in Africa.

International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026 · PMID 42652290

Hearing-functioning problems contribute substantially to disability and rehabilitation needs globally; however, evidence describing the range and interconnected nature of these problems across African populations remains fragmented. This study aimed to describe hearing-functioning problems associated with high-burden adult health conditions across African populations using data from the Rehab4All database. A secondary exploratory analysis was conducted using data extracted from a large Africa-wide scoping review of…

Rank101.7
Systematic review or meta-analysisResult signal: harmCorrection flagged

Estimates of the global burden of cervical cancer associated with HIV.

The Lancet. Global health · 2021 · PMID 33212031

BACKGROUND: HIV enhances human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced carcinogenesis. However, the contribution of HIV to cervical cancer burden at a population level has not been quantified. We aimed to investigate cervical cancer risk among women living with HIV and to estimate the global cervical cancer burden associated with HIV. METHODS: We did a systematic literature search and meta-analysis of five databases (PubMed, Embase, Global Health [CABI.org], Web of Science, and Global Index Medicus) to identify studies analys…

Rank100.9
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Behavioral Interventions Targeting Alcohol Use Among People Living with HIV/AIDS: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

AIDS and behavior · 2017 · PMID 28831609

Alcohol use is often reported among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and is associated with increased sexual risk and poor medication adherence. This meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of behavioral interventions addressing alcohol use among PLWHA. Twenty-one studies (N = 8461 PLWHA) that evaluated an individual-level intervention addressing alcohol use alone or as part of a more comprehensive alcohol/HIV intervention, included a control condition, and were available through December 2016 were included. Indepe…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Adaptive systems for cognitive impairments: a systematic review of current trends and future directions.

Disability and rehabilitation. Assistive technology · 2026 · PMID 41778550

PURPOSE: Cognitive impairment is a common disorder that affects individuals across different age groups and cognitive abilities, posing a significant challenge for software designers and developers of inclusive and accessible information and communication technology (ICT). Adaptive systems emerged as a solution for providing ICT solutions that provide personalised sessions tailored to the user's cognitive abilities. This review aims to investigate the current state of adaptive systems designed for users with cognit…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

The role of pictograms in improving patients' medication adherence: a systematic review.

BMC health services research · 2026 · PMID 42374421

BACKGROUND: Poor medication adherence remains a significant public health issue. Although pictograms are established as intuitive visual aids for medication guidance, a current evidence synthesis is lacking, particularly regarding their role in the rapidly advancing digital health landscape. OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the potential effect of pictograms on patients' medication adherence and exploring implications for the digital health era. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Lib…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Dermatological manifestation of HIV infection: systematic review and meta-analysis.

BMC infectious diseases · 2025 · PMID 41162862

INTRODUCTION: Since its discovery in 1981, AIDS has become a significant global public health issue, impacting more than 38 million people worldwide with HIV. Despite a 32% reduction in new HIV infections since 2010, millions continue to be affected, often experiencing dermatological problems. This study aims to examine the epidemiology of these dermatological issues in HIV patients by reviewing existing research. METHODS: We conducted an extensive search across MEDLINE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and grey lit…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

HIV infection and esophageal cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa: a comprehensive meta-analysis.

AIDS reviews · 2024 · PMID 38530745

Africa hosts the highest burden of esophageal cancer (49%) and HIV (60%) worldwide. It is imperative to investigate the synergistic impact of these two diseases on African populations. This study conducted an exhaustive computerized search of databases, including Medline/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane library, and African Journals Online, to identify eligible studies up to October 2023. HIV infection was the exposure, esophageal cancer risk was the outcome, and healthy subjects with no cancer hist…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Systematic Review of Preferences for Preexposure Prophylaxis Among Persons Assigned Male at Birth in the United States.

The Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care : JANAC · 2026 · PMID 42214698

Despite proven HIV prevention efficacy, preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake among individuals assigned-male-at-birth remains suboptimal; understanding their preferences is crucial. We conducted PRISMA-guided systematic review of stated-preference methods (i.e., discrete choice experiments [DCEs]; best-worst-scale [BWS], adaptive choice-based conjoint analysis [ACBCA]) through November 21, 2024. Of 648 records, 10 met inclusion (eight DCEs and two ACBCAs); all enrolled men who have sex with men (MSM; no studies wi…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysisResult signal: null

Post-migration HIV acquisition: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Epidemiology and infection · 2024 · PMID 38425215

Migrants in Europe face a disproportionate burden of HIV infection; however, it remains unclear if this can be prevented through public health interventions in host countries. We undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate post-migration HIV acquisition (PMHA) as a proportion of all HIV cases in European migrants. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, HMIC, and Cochrane Library were searched with terms capturing 'HIV', 'migration', and 'Europe'. Data relating to the proportion of HIV acquired following mi…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Efficacy of substances containing 3 types of active ingredients-saponins, flavones, and alkaloids in regulation of cytokines in autoimmune diseases a systematic review and Meta-analysis based on animal studies.

Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan · 2024 · PMID 38767625

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of substances containing 3 types of active ingredients-saponins, flavones, and alkaloids on experimental animals with autoimmune diseases (AIDs). METHODS: The protocol for this systematic review and Meta-analysis was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023395741). Searches were conducted in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, Chinese Science and Technology Journals, China Biomedical, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases to screen for animal…

Most Effective Evidence Supported Treatments130 records
Rank110.0
Clinical guideline or consensus statement

Belgian guidance 2026 on management of pregnancy and breastfeeding in women living with HIV and their infants.

European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology · 2026 · PMID 42468119

INTRODUCTION: In 2021, a call was made to write a guidance for the management of pregnancy in women living with HIV (WLWH) in Belgium. METHODS: The call was sent to BREACH (Belgium Research on AIDS and HIV Consortium), a network of Belgian HIV Reference Centers, Laboratories and interest organizations in the field of HIV. The first working group (30 healthcare workers from 13 institutions) reviewed literature and had online discussions. This Guidance is an expert consensus document designed to answer real life clin…

Rank109.9
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Prevalence of opportunistic fungal infections (candidiasis and cryptococcal meningitis) among HIV-positive individuals in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA compliant).

Medicine · 2026 · PMID 42629665

BACKGROUND: Individuals with compromised immune systems, particularly those living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), face an elevated risk of opportunistic fungal infections (OFIs), including candidiasis and cryptococcal meningitis. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of OFIs among HIV-positive individuals across different regions of Ethiopia. METHODS: English-language articles were identified through a comprehensive search of online databases, including ScienceD…

Rank108.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Effectiveness of conditional cash transfers for uptake and retention in HIV prevention of mother-to-child transmission services in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

JBI evidence synthesis · 2025 · PMID 40539478

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize the best available evidence on the effectiveness of conditional cash transfers for the uptake and retention in prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services among pregnant and/or breastfeeding women with HIV in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). INTRODUCTION: Regardless of the effectiveness of PMTCT services, uptake and retention in such services remains low in LMICs. Conditional cash transfers are considered an important stra…

Rank107.9
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Virologic Failure and Emergent Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor Drug Resistance With Long-Acting Cabotegravir for HIV Treatment: A Meta-analysis.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025 · PMID 39724249

BACKGROUND: The long-acting injectable regimen of cabotegravir plus rilpivirine (CAB/RPV) emerged as an alternative to oral standard-of-care integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-based regimens for individuals with adherence challenges or preference for reduced dosing schedules. Although oral INSTI regimens have a high barrier to emergent resistance, less is known about the potency and durability of CAB/RPV. METHODS: We reviewed clinical trial registries, PubMed, EMBASE, and conference abstract databases to i…

Rank107.8
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Incidence of neonatal sepsis among HIV exposed neonates of mothers on integrase strand transfer inhibitors in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BMC infectious diseases · 2026 · PMID 42601609

INTRODUCTION: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-exposed infants face elevated risks of neonatal sepsis, influenced by maternal antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens. Dolutegravir (DTG), a widely used integrase transfer inhibitor (INSTI), and the preferred first line drugs for management of HIV in pregnancy, has shown potential adverse effects such as hyperglycaemia, which may impact neonatal outcomes including risk of neonatal sepsis. We estimated the pooled incidence of neonatal sepsis among neonates exposed to I…

Rank107.3
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Estimated global and regional causes of deaths from diarrhoea in children younger than 5 years during 2000-21: a systematic review and Bayesian multinomial analysis.

The Lancet. Global health · 2024 · PMID 38648812

BACKGROUND: Information on the causes of deaths from diarrhoea in children younger than 5 years is needed to design improved preventive and therapeutic approaches. We aimed to conduct a systematic analysis of studies to report estimates of the causes of deaths from diarrhoea in children younger than 5 years at global and regional levels during 2000-21. METHODS: For this systematic review and Bayesian multinomial analysis, we included 12 pathogens with the highest attributable incidence in the Global Enteric Multice…

Rank107.1
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Efficacy and safety of doravirine/islatravir for HIV-1: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

HIV research & clinical practice · 2026 · PMID 42400399

BACKGROUND: The combination of doravirine and islatravir (DOR/ISL) is a novel two-drug regimen for HIV-1. Early development faced challenges due to dose-dependent immunological signals. We aimed to synthesize the evidence on the efficacy and safety of DOR/ISL across all treatment-experience categories, specifically evaluating the impact of islatravir dosage (0.25 mg vs 0.75 mg) on clinical and immunological outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) …

Rank106.9
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Effectiveness of the primary Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine against the risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis disease: a meta-analysis of individual participant data.

The Lancet. Microbe · 2025 · PMID 39709975

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis vaccine trials using disease as the primary endpoint are large, time consuming, and expensive. An earlier immunological measure of the protection against disease would accelerate tuberculosis vaccine development. We aimed to assess whether the effectiveness of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine for prevention of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection was consistent with that for prevention of tuberculosis disease. METHODS: We conducted an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysi…

Rank106.7
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Hearing aids for mild to moderate hearing loss in adults.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026 · PMID 42644645

RATIONALE: This is an update of an existing review. The main clinical intervention for mild to moderate hearing loss is the provision of hearing aids, which amplify speech in addition to environmental sounds. Hearing aids are routinely offered and fitted to those who seek help for hearing difficulties. Since the previous 2017 review, further randomised-controlled trials (RCTs) have been published. This review updates the certainty of the evidence and assesses two additional outcomes: mental health and cognition. OB…

Rank106.1
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Prevalence of HIV-associated nephropathy in children: a systematic review with meta-analysis of studies published between 2004 and 2019.

Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026 · PMID 41649528

INTRODUCTION: Despite major advances in antiretroviral therapy, HIV infection remains a significant global public health challenge. HIV can directly affect the kidneys, leading to HIV-associated nephropathy in children, a condition characterized by proteinuria, elevated serum creatinine, and kidney enlargement. HIV-associated nephropathy is a serious complication that may progress to kidney failure and death. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of HIV-associated nephropathy in children. METHODS: We searched PubMe…

Rank105.9
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Multimodal interventions for cachexia management.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025 · PMID 40130780

BACKGROUND: Cachexia (disease-related wasting) is a complex metabolic syndrome which occurs in people with chronic illnesses, including cancer, HIV/AIDS, kidney disease, heart disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). People with cachexia experience unintentional weight loss, muscle loss, fatigue, loss of appetite, and reduced quality of life. Multimodal interventions which work synergistically to treat the syndrome could lead to benefits. OBJECTIVES: To assess the benefits and harms of multimodal …

Rank105.4
Systematic review or meta-analysisResult signal: null

Assistive technologies (lumbar supports and other devices) for treating chronic low back pain.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026 · PMID 42680183

RATIONALE: Low back pain (LBP) is a major global health problem. It is the most common cause of activity limitation amongst individuals younger than 45 years, and one of the most frequent reasons for visits to a doctor. The 2019 Global Burden of Disease study named LBP as the leading cause of the need for rehabilitation, estimated to affect 568 million people. Its socioeconomic burden is substantial, with LBP-related costs from productivity loss and healthcare services utilisation making a significant impact on nat…

Rank103.4
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Interventions to improve viral suppression and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

The lancet. HIV · 2026 · PMID 42556371

BACKGROUND: In 2025, 78% of people living with HIV worldwide were on antiretroviral therapy 95% of people on treatment were virally suppressed. Suboptimal adherence, defined as not taking interventions as prescribed, threatens viral suppression and can lead to antiviral resistance, morbidity, mortality, and transmission. We updated a systematic review and network meta-analysis to estimate the effects of different adherence interventions on adherence and viral suppression. METHODS: In this systematic review and netw…

Rank101.8
Systematic review or meta-analysisCorrection flagged

HIV-related mortality time trends among children and young adolescents on antiretroviral therapy by age, treatment duration, and region: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis.

The lancet. HIV · 2025 · PMID 40912259

BACKGROUND: Past cohort studies have examined mortality among children and young adolescents (aged 0-14 years) who have received antiretroviral therapy (ART), but no systematic reviews have been undertaken to synthesise these findings. Our study aims to provide the most comprehensive global estimates of paediatric mortality among children and adolescents receiving ART. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-regression analysis, we searched PubMed and Embase from Jan 1, 1990 to July 31, 2024 for studies report…

Rank101.7
Randomized controlled trial

Effect of a person-centered care intervention on return and sustained reengagement after treatment interruptions from HIV care in Zambia: A post-hoc analysis of a stepped-wedged cluster randomized trial.

PLoS medicine · 2026 · PMID 42679007

BACKGROUND: Poor client-provider interactions lead to reinforcing cycles of treatment interruptions (TIs) from HIV care and fear of return, undermining sustained retention. We previously demonstrated a multi-component person-centered care intervention (PCC) targeting healthcare worker (HCW) behavior improved client experience and retention in HIV care. To understand mechanisms of improved retention, we evaluated the effect of the PCC intervention on return after TIs and sustained retention after return in a post-ho…

Rank101.7
Systematic review or meta-analysis

A systematic review of qualitative research on HIV and food insecurity in high-income countries.

AIDS (London, England) · 2026 · PMID 42186786

OBJECTIVES: Food insecurity leads to adverse health outcomes in people living with HIV, including obesity, poor mental health and viral non-suppression. Qualitative studies in low- and middle-income countries have described the impact of food insecurity on medication adherence. However, limited qualitative research exists on the lived experiences of food insecurity among people living with HIV in high-income countries (HICs). We aimed to synthesize qualitative literature on food insecurity among people living with …

Rank100.3
Randomized controlled trial

Efavirenz 400 vs 600 mg combined with lamivudine and tenofovir in treatment-naïve HIV-infected patients in China: A randomized, multi-centered, controlled trial.

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2026 · PMID 42235914

BACKGROUND: Optimizing efavirenz (EFV) dosing to minimize adverse events (AEs) remains a critical issue. Studies indicate that reducing the EFV dose from 600 to 400 mg daily lowers side effect intensity while maintaining virological suppression. We previously showed that 600 mg daily EFV may lead to unnecessarily high exposure in Chinese patients, but the long-term efficacy and safety of dose reduction beyond 48 weeks in this population remain unknown. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, randomized controlled tria…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Evidence for a relationship between concentrations of nucleos/tide analogue agents and treatment outcome in chronic hepatitis B infection: A systematic review.

The Journal of infection · 2026 · PMID 42419520

INTRODUCTION: Treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection relies on nucleos(t)ide analogues to achieve viral suppression, with tenofovir or entecavir as first-line agents. Expanding treatment, and improving its outcomes, are crucial strategies to support progress towards global viral hepatitis elimination targets. However, therapeutic drug monitoring has not been optimized for HBV therapy. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review (PROSPERO CRD420250599139) to identify studies reporting on the relationship betwe…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Incidence of lost to follow up among HIV-positive children on antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

PloS one · 2024 · PMID 38776343

BACKGROUND: At the end of 2022, globally, only 46% of children (aged 0-14 years) on ART had suppressed viral loads. Viral load suppression is crucial to reduce HIV-related deaths. To suppress the viral load at the expected level, children must be retained in ART treatment. Nevertheless, lost to follow-up from ART treatment continues to be a global challenge, particularly, in developing countries. Previously, primary studies were conducted in Ethiopia to assess the incidence of lost to follow-up among HIV-positive c…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Prevalence and risk of cardiovascular events among people living with HIV: a meta-analysis.

Annals of medicine · 2026 · PMID 42478138

BACKGROUND: People living with HIV (PLWH) have increased cardiovascular risk, but the contribution of HIV-related factors to all-cause cardiovascular events remains unclear. We assessed the prevalence and determinants of cardiovascular events in PLWH, including subtype-specific risk profiles. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus were searched from January 1, 2004 to October 31, 2024. Observational studies reporting cardiovascular event prevalence or adjusted risk estimates in PLWH we…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Adaptive systems for cognitive impairments: a systematic review of current trends and future directions.

Disability and rehabilitation. Assistive technology · 2026 · PMID 41778550

PURPOSE: Cognitive impairment is a common disorder that affects individuals across different age groups and cognitive abilities, posing a significant challenge for software designers and developers of inclusive and accessible information and communication technology (ICT). Adaptive systems emerged as a solution for providing ICT solutions that provide personalised sessions tailored to the user's cognitive abilities. This review aims to investigate the current state of adaptive systems designed for users with cognit…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Utility of hearing aid use on neurocognitive functions and auditory processing: A systematic review.

Archives of gerontology and geriatrics · 2026 · PMID 42447643

PURPOSE: Hearing loss not only affects the peripheral auditory system but also leads to changes in central auditory pathways and neurocognitive skills. The use of hearing aids has shown potential benefits in mitigating the adverse effects of hearing loss. Earlier literature showed various studies assessing the impact of hearing aid use on cognitive functions and auditory processing, a comprehensive review of the existing literature is warranted. Existing literature showed heterogeneous outcomes among studies invest…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysisResult signal: null

Diabetes risk in HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort evidence.

HIV medicine · 2026 · PMID 42108560

OBJECTIVES: To quantify the incidence rate (IR) of diabetes in people living with HIV (PLWH), assess disparities relative to HIV-negative individuals and clarify the associations of antiretroviral therapy (ART) exposure and treatment duration with diabetes incidence. METHODS: We searched PubMed up to July 20, 2025, for prospective cohort studies including PLWH aged ≥18 with ≥6 months of follow-up and reported diabetes incidence. Two reviewers independently assessed study quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Global and regional molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 during 1990-2024: systematic review, global survey, and analysis of prevalence.

The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2026 · PMID 42155508

BACKGROUND: The extensive genetic diversity of HIV presents major challenges to treatment and prevention. We aimed to estimate the global and regional distribution of HIV-1 subtypes and recombinants during 1990-2024. METHODS: We conducted a systematic literature review by searching PubMed, Embase, Global Health, and CINAHL for country-specific HIV-1 subtyping data published between Jan 1, 2022, and Jan 22, 2025, and a global survey of the Global HIV Molecular Epidemiology Collaboration for unpublished data collecte…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Willingness to switch to long-acting regimens among people with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

AIDS (London, England) · 2026 · PMID 42240366

OBJECTIVES: Long-acting regimens (LARs) offer promising alternatives for people with HIV, enhancing autonomy and convenience. Understanding preferences for LAR is essential to guide policy and implementation. DESIGN: This systematic review and meta-analysis examined willingness among adults with HIV to switch from daily oral antiretroviral therapy (ART) to LAR. METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, we included studies of adults with HIV using daily oral ART reporting willingness to switch to existing or hypothetica…

New Research Last 24 Months309 records
Rank108.4
Systematic review or meta-analysis

The impact of HIV coinfection on mpox patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Emerging microbes & infections · 2026 · PMID 42461714

A substantial proportion of mpox cases occur in people with HIV, but how HIV coinfection and immune status affect clinical outcomes remains unclear. We systematically searched major databases up to March 2025 for observational studies comparing mpox patients with and without HIV coinfection. Pooled effect sizes were calculated using random-effects models. Risk ratios (RRs) or standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals were used for dichotomous or continuous outcomes. Post hoc subgroup analys…

Rank107.9
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Lenacapavir as pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026 · PMID 41919720

RATIONALE: Globally, there are 1.3 million new HIV infections annually, with a disproportionate burden on young women and girls, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (63% of new infections). Despite the demonstrated effectiveness of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), global uptake remains low, reaching only 16.5% of the UNAIDS 2025 target. PrEP adherence is suboptimal in vulnerable populations. There is an urgent need to develop and implement alternative, user-friendly PrEP strategies like long-acting formulations that m…

Rank107.1
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Efficacy and safety of doravirine/islatravir for HIV-1: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

HIV research & clinical practice · 2026 · PMID 42400399

BACKGROUND: The combination of doravirine and islatravir (DOR/ISL) is a novel two-drug regimen for HIV-1. Early development faced challenges due to dose-dependent immunological signals. We aimed to synthesize the evidence on the efficacy and safety of DOR/ISL across all treatment-experience categories, specifically evaluating the impact of islatravir dosage (0.25 mg vs 0.75 mg) on clinical and immunological outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) …

Rank106.7
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Hearing aids for mild to moderate hearing loss in adults.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026 · PMID 42644645

RATIONALE: This is an update of an existing review. The main clinical intervention for mild to moderate hearing loss is the provision of hearing aids, which amplify speech in addition to environmental sounds. Hearing aids are routinely offered and fitted to those who seek help for hearing difficulties. Since the previous 2017 review, further randomised-controlled trials (RCTs) have been published. This review updates the certainty of the evidence and assesses two additional outcomes: mental health and cognition. OB…

Rank103.6
Systematic review or meta-analysisResult signal: harm

Anal High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions in People Living with HIV: A Systematic Review of Treatment Outcomes.

Cancers · 2026 · PMID 42649891

Background/Objectives: People living with HIV (PLWH) are at substantially increased risk of anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), a recognized precursor of anal cancer. Although the ANCHOR trial demonstrated that treatment reduces progression to invasive disease, important uncertainties remain regarding durability of response, recurrence patterns, and treatment-related toxicity across available therapeutic strategies. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of studies evaluating treatment outco…

Rank103.3
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Communicating empathy sympathy and compassion in healthcare consultations: a systematic review of applied linguistic research.

BMC health services research · 2026 · PMID 42120983

BACKGROUND: Communicating with empathy is an essential skill for healthcare professionals (HCPs). However, current communication training curricula fail to show how empathy communication is done, hindering the effectiveness of this training. This systematic review synthesizes applied linguistic research that shows how empathy is communicated, and what functions empathy communication serves. METHOD: We included research that analysed naturalistic recorded interactions between HCPs and patients in all healthcare sett…

Rank103.1
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Comparative Efficacy of Exercise Modalities for Motor Function Recovery After Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis.

Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026 · PMID 42652928

BACKGROUND: Exercise rehabilitation (ER) has become an important treatment regimen during the recovery phase of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Optimal exercise prescriptions for post-stroke motor recovery remain controversial. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were systematically searched through November 2025. The Cochrane risk-of-bias (RoB 1) assessment tool was utilized to assess the risk of bias in the original studies. RESULTS: This study included 66 trials comprising 3675 patient…

Rank102.8
Systematic review or meta-analysisResult signal: harm

Tuberculosis in children who are HIV-exposed uninfected.

AIDS (London, England) · 2026 · PMID 42138367

OBJECTIVES: 1.3 million children are born each year to mothers with HIV but remain HIV-uninfected; more than 70% of these children live in settings with high tuberculosis (TB) burden. Whether children who are HIV-exposed uninfected (cHEU) are at increased risk of TB infection and disease is debated. DESIGN: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of TB infection and disease in cHEU versus children who are HIV-unexposed uninfected (cHUU) and children with HIV (CWH). METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, We…

Rank102.2
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Effects of targeted interventions on HIV testing, knowledge and sexual risk behaviours among long-distance truck drivers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BMJ open · 2026 · PMID 42457421

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to systematically summarise and quantify the empirical evidence on targeted interventions and their effects on various HIV prevention outcomes for long-distance truck drivers (LDTDs) globally. DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: We searched PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC), Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), ProQuest Central, EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect, World Health Organisation (Global Index Medicus), Cochrane Library, Scientific Electronic Lib…

Rank102.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Hearing-Functioning Problems Across High-Burden Adult Health Conditions in Africa.

International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026 · PMID 42652290

Hearing-functioning problems contribute substantially to disability and rehabilitation needs globally; however, evidence describing the range and interconnected nature of these problems across African populations remains fragmented. This study aimed to describe hearing-functioning problems associated with high-burden adult health conditions across African populations using data from the Rehab4All database. A secondary exploratory analysis was conducted using data extracted from a large Africa-wide scoping review of…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Systematic Review of Preferences for Preexposure Prophylaxis Among Persons Assigned Male at Birth in the United States.

The Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care : JANAC · 2026 · PMID 42214698

Despite proven HIV prevention efficacy, preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake among individuals assigned-male-at-birth remains suboptimal; understanding their preferences is crucial. We conducted PRISMA-guided systematic review of stated-preference methods (i.e., discrete choice experiments [DCEs]; best-worst-scale [BWS], adaptive choice-based conjoint analysis [ACBCA]) through November 21, 2024. Of 648 records, 10 met inclusion (eight DCEs and two ACBCAs); all enrolled men who have sex with men (MSM; no studies wi…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

The role of pictograms in improving patients' medication adherence: a systematic review.

BMC health services research · 2026 · PMID 42374421

BACKGROUND: Poor medication adherence remains a significant public health issue. Although pictograms are established as intuitive visual aids for medication guidance, a current evidence synthesis is lacking, particularly regarding their role in the rapidly advancing digital health landscape. OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the potential effect of pictograms on patients' medication adherence and exploring implications for the digital health era. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Lib…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Prevalence and risk of cardiovascular events among people living with HIV: a meta-analysis.

Annals of medicine · 2026 · PMID 42478138

BACKGROUND: People living with HIV (PLWH) have increased cardiovascular risk, but the contribution of HIV-related factors to all-cause cardiovascular events remains unclear. We assessed the prevalence and determinants of cardiovascular events in PLWH, including subtype-specific risk profiles. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus were searched from January 1, 2004 to October 31, 2024. Observational studies reporting cardiovascular event prevalence or adjusted risk estimates in PLWH we…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Adaptive systems for cognitive impairments: a systematic review of current trends and future directions.

Disability and rehabilitation. Assistive technology · 2026 · PMID 41778550

PURPOSE: Cognitive impairment is a common disorder that affects individuals across different age groups and cognitive abilities, posing a significant challenge for software designers and developers of inclusive and accessible information and communication technology (ICT). Adaptive systems emerged as a solution for providing ICT solutions that provide personalised sessions tailored to the user's cognitive abilities. This review aims to investigate the current state of adaptive systems designed for users with cognit…

Rank99.4
Randomized controlled trial

Efficacy and Safety of Dual Therapy With Dolutegravir/Lamivudine in Treatment-naive Persons With CD4 Counts <200/mm3: 48-Week Results of the DOLCE Study.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026 · PMID 40874763

BACKGROUND: Dolutegravir (DTG)/lamivudine dual therapy (DT) has demonstrated noninferiority to triple therapy (TT) in the GEMINI trials. Although the population with ≤200 CD4 cells/mm3 had a lower response rate, this was unrelated to virological failure. This trial evaluated the antiviral activity of dolutegravir/lamivudine among antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with a CD4 count ≤200 cells/mm3. METHODS: DOLCE is a randomized, hypothesis-based, open-label, multicent…

Rank99.3
Randomized controlled trial

Comparable Inflammatory and Metabolic Outcomes After Switching to Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide Versus Continuing Dolutegravir/Lamivudine in Virologically Suppressed Adults With HIV (INSTINCT/GESIDA10918 Study).

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026 · PMID 41070447

BACKGROUND: Dual antiretroviral therapy (ART) with dolutegravir/lamivudine (DTG/3TC) is widely used in virologically suppressed individuals. However, data remain limited on potential differential effects of ART regimens on mid-term systemic inflammation and metabolic health. We evaluated whether switching from DTG/3TC to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) modifies systemic inflammation or metabolic parameters. METHODS: INSTINCT was a phase IV, multicenter, open-label, randomized trial enr…

Rank98.2
Randomized controlled trial

Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine Decision Aid for Travelers: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

JAMA network open · 2026 · PMID 42223942

IMPORTANCE: Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a mosquito-borne disease with low infection risk but high consequences. Low uptake of JE vaccines among travelers persists despite effective vaccines. Tools that improve decision quality may help address this gap. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether a web-based JE vaccine decision aid (JEVaDA) improves decision-making and vaccine uptake among Australian travelers compared with an online government JE resource. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This parallel-group, single-blind …

Rank98.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Towards consensus on the treatment of congenital craniofacial conditions: the discussion section of a doctoral thesis.

Journal of plastic surgery and hand surgery · 2026 · PMID 42095487

BACKGROUND: Congenital craniofacial conditions are a diverse group of rare and complex disorders, leading to significant functional and psychosocial challenges. Their rarity and variability hinder research and clinical standardisation, resulting in substantial practice variation across centres. International collaboration and high-quality evidence are therefore essential to improve and converge care for affected individuals. This article presents the discussion section of a doctoral thesis that addressed these chal…

Rank97.8
Randomized controlled trial

Recruitment Source and Participant Retention in a Digital HIV Prevention Intervention for Young Black and Latino Men and Transgender Women: Secondary Analysis of the HealthMpowerment 2.0 Randomized Controlled Trial.

JMIR formative research · 2026 · PMID 42647085

BACKGROUND: Young Black and Latino men who have sex with men and transgender women who have sex with men (YBLMT) experience disproportionate HIV-related health disparities in the United States. Digital health interventions offer scalable HIV prevention and support services for these populations. However, recruitment strategies may influence both sample demographics and participant retention, which is critical for intervention effectiveness. OBJECTIVE: This study examined whether recruitment source was associated wi…

Rank97.7
Randomized controlled trial

Switch to once-weekly, single-tablet islatravir-lenacapavir from daily standard of care for HIV-1 (ISLEND-2): a multicentre, randomised, open-label, active-controlled, phase 3 non-inferiority trial.

Lancet (London, England) · 2026 · PMID 42586113

BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapies with long dosing intervals have the potential to improve virological outcomes and treatment satisfaction for people with HIV-1. We report the primary endpoint results from week 48 of ISLEND-2, a phase 3 trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of switching to once-weekly oral islatravir-lenacapavir from daily oral standard of care in virologically suppressed adults with HIV-1. METHODS: This randomised, open-label, active-controlled, phase 3 non-inferiority trial was conducted at…

Rank97.3
Randomized controlled trial

Enhancing the treat-to-target approach of inflammatory arthritis with purposeful shared decision-making: results of a randomized controlled trial.

Clinical rheumatology · 2026 · PMID 42365560

BACKGROUND: Purposeful SDM (PSDM) is a problem-based approach that emphasizes the multifaceted nature of SDM in response to different settings and contexts. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a novel approach utilizing patient decision aids in facilitating purposeful shared decision-making within the context of rheumatology care. METHODOLOGY: This randomized controlled study included 431 patients diagnosed with inflammatory arthritis. The patients were randomized to receive management according to either t…

Rank97.3
Randomized controlled trial

Impact of "absolute" versus "relative" HIV risk communication on pre-exposure prophylaxis interest in Canada: a randomized survey.

AIDS care · 2026 · PMID 41257432

The way human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition risk is communicated can shape individuals' perceptions and their interest in using pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). This study examined two risk communication strategies among non-PrEP-using gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) in Canada. In 2022, adult GBMs in Ontario and British Columbia completed an online survey and were randomly assigned to receive HIV risk messages tailored to their risk assessment scores. Messages were framed in eith…

Rank96.9
Randomized controlled trial

Impact of motivational interviewing training for lay counsellors on HIV care outcomes in South Africa: a cluster-randomized pilot trial.

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2026 · PMID 42323157

BACKGROUND: Retention in HIV care remains challenging in sub-Saharan Africa. We evaluated whether training lay counsellors in Motivational Interviewing (MI) could improve outcomes among newly diagnosed people living with HIV (PLHIV) in South Africa. METHODS: We conducted a cluster-randomized pilot trial in eight Johannesburg primary healthcare clinics, randomized 1:1 to Thusa-Thuso intervention (7-day MI training plus 12-month mentorship) or standard-of-care (SOC). Adults PLHIV (≥18 years) were enrolled and followe…

Rank96.7
Randomized controlled trial

Implementation of Health Insurance Navigation for Racial/Ethnic Minority Men Who Have Sex With Men Presenting for Community-Based HIV Testing.

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2026 · PMID 41921928

OBJECTIVE: Being uninsured is a barrier to accessing HIV prevention and treatment. This study assesses the implementation of health insurance navigation. DESIGN: Randomized structural intervention conducted from 2018 to 2020 in Chicago, IL. Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino men who have sex with men presenting for community-based HIV testing (N = 230) were offered a single session of health insurance navigation immediately after their HIV test, regardless of HIV test result. METHODS: Using descriptive stat…

Rank96.1
Randomized controlled trial

Effects of Semaglutide on Cognitive Function in People With HIV: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026 · PMID 41098140

BACKGROUND: People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, PWH) are at higher risk for visceral adiposity, enhanced inflammation, and cognitive decline than controls who do not have HIV. We previously demonstrated that PWH with lipohypertrophy had a decrease in weight, visceral adipose tissue, and several inflammatory markers after receiving semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist. Our aim was to investigate the effect of semaglutide on cognitive function in PWH and the possible mediation of this ef…

Preclinical Research69 records
Rank47.9
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Biaxial determination of active and passive mechanical properties of porcine stomach smooth muscle tissue.

Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials · 2026 · PMID 42349228

The stomach is a hollow organ within the gastrointestinal tract that plays a central role in the breakdown of ingested food. Its secretion of gastric acid facilitates chemical digestion, while the contraction of its smooth muscle aids in mechanical digestion. The upper, cranial part of the stomach acts as a reservoir for ingested food, while the lower, caudal part grinds the food through peristaltic contractions. Understanding the mechanical properties of the stomach is critical to gaining insight into its function…

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Collective ant transport outperforms gravity-based solvers on complex puzzles.

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2026 · PMID 42413933

Collective cognition, in which groups display enhanced problem-solving abilities compared with individuals, is a hallmark of ant behaviour. For instance, in navigation tasks, such as the piano movers' problem, a short-term memory-like directional persistence emerges in large enough ant groups and aids them in implementing an effective wall-following heuristic. Here, we investigate the collective problem-solving abilities of Paratrechina longicornis by presenting groups of varying sizes with an array of piano movers…

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Paradoxical Th1 activation and CTLA-4 regulation is beneficial during latent cryptococcosis.

mBio · 2026 · PMID 42484324

UNLABELLED: Cryptococcus neoformans is the predominant causative agent of cryptococcal meningitis in immunocompromised individuals. Conversely, in immunocompetent individuals, C. neoformans establishes a latent pulmonary infection characterized by a paucity of clinical symptoms. Using a mouse inhalation model of latent C. neoformans infection, we previously showed that CD4 T cells are necessary for preventing fungal proliferation in the lungs. In the current study, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq…

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Analysis of PTEN Antagonistic Peptides (PAPs) in Neuronal Growth and Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI).

Biomacromolecules · 2026 · PMID 42427105

PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue) is an established cellular growth brake whose inhibition stimulates regeneration of injured neurons in rodent models. Herein, we employed peptide-based PTEN inhibition targeting PTEN's phosphatase activity. Therefore, a fusion peptide (PAP2-TAT) of PAP2 (PTEN antagonistic peptide 2) with TAT (transactivator of transcription) was used to enable cellular entry. PAP2-TAT was not cytotoxic and entered the cytoplasm of primary mouse neurons, where it enhanced neurite growth, growt…

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Distinguishing shear and tensile myocardial wall stiffness using ex vivo anisotropic Magnetic Resonance Elastography.

Acta biomaterialia · 2025 · PMID 40541764

The organized myofiber structure within the myocardium indicates its mechanical anisotropy. By projecting the MR Elastography (MRE) stiffness matrix along either the myocardial fiber or sheet orientations determined by Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), anisotropic MRE (aMRE) maps axial and transverse shear and Young's moduli into three tensile and six shear deformation modes. Ten healthy ex vivo swine hearts were imaged three times at 3T using MRE and DTI sequences. aMRE results showed a within-subject coefficient of…

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Preferential Exhaustion and Loss of Predominant Reservoir in Gut-Associated Lymph Nodes of a SIVmac239-Infected Rhesus Macaque with Terminal AIDS.

Viruses · 2026 · PMID 42655673

Gut-associated lymph nodes (GALNs) constitute an important anatomical reservoir during early and chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection, but the fate of this compartment during terminal AIDS remains unclear. This study investigated viral persistence and lymph node injury in a rhesus macaque with long-term SIVmac239 infection and end-stage AIDS, characterized by profound CD4+ T cell depletion (30 cells/μL) and persistent viremia (1192 copies/mL). At necropsy, GALNs, …

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Design of an immunogen containing multidimensionally conserved and immunogenic parts of the HIV proteome.

PLoS computational biology · 2026 · PMID 42599953

Despite decades of research, an effective HIV vaccine or cure has not yet been developed. An important reason is the virus's mutability, which allows it to rapidly evade human immune responses. Often, the virus also takes advantage of epistatic pathways to evolve escape mutations through compensatory effects that allow maintaining its fitness. We used a fitness landscape of HIV, which explicitly considers interactions between mutations, to design an immunogen that contains parts of the proteome that are "multidimen…

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

In-silico molecular design approach of some phytoconstituents from Nardostachys jatamansi as HIV/AIDS agents.

3 Biotech · 2026 · PMID 42542647

Nardostachys jatamansi, a small rhizomatous herb from the Valerianaceae family, has been traditionally used in Ayurveda for neurological and gastrointestinal disorders. However, its rising demand and extensive use have led to overharvesting, placing the species at risk of extinction. This study explores the therapeutic potential of N. jatamansi phytoconstituents through in-silico evaluation as antiviral agents targeting HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. The 3D structure of HIV-1 RT (PDB ID: 6KJV) was validated through R…

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Rapid and robust immune response boosting with potent, next-generation adjuvant in viral vector-primed primates.

Journal of virology · 2026 · PMID 42505121

To identify strategies for augmenting vaccine immunogenicity, we compared a pox-protein prime-boost regimen comprising recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara and multimeric HIV-1 Env gp145, adjuvanted with Army Liposomal Formulation (ALF) either adsorbed to aluminum salt (ALFA) or formulated with the QS-21 saponin (ALFQ), in rhesus macaques. ALFQ promoted greater magnitude and more durable humoral and cellular immune responses than ALFA, which exhibits similar immunogenicity to aluminum-based adjuvants. Peak En…

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Creating complete life histories of individual female tsetse (Glossina spp) to study the effects of meteorological conditions on fly size in Zimbabwe.

PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026 · PMID 42616797

Using novel methodologies and ovarian dissection, we constructed life histories for ~90,000 female Glossina pallidipes and G. m. morsitans collected in Zimbabwe (1988-1999). Temperature-dependent development rates were used to estimate, for each fly, the dates spent as an oocyte, egg, larva, pupa - and adult in each ovarian category. This enabled analysis of relationships between wing and egg lengths of field-captured adults - and mean environmental conditions prevailing when these lengths were being determined, du…

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Long-term depletion of KIR3DL01+ NK cells by adeno-associated viral-vectored antibody delivery alters chronic SIV infection.

PLoS pathogens · 2026 · PMID 42555626

Natural killer (NK) cells are key innate effectors during antiviral immune responses, with their activity regulated in part by interactions between polymorphic killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) on NK cells and their major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) ligands on target cells. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, certain KIR and MHC I allelic combinations are associated with enhanced viral control and delayed disease progression. To interrogate the contribution of a common KIR…

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

On the role of cell chaining in the attenuation of a Listeria monocytogenes divIVA mutant.

Virulence · 2026 · PMID 42572258

Listeria monocytogenes is a human pathogen invading nonphagocytic host cells, replicating within their cytosol, and spreading directly from cell to cell. These processes are mediated by specialized virulence factors but also depend on the DivIVA protein. DivIVA aids in the secretion of peptidoglycan-degrading autolysins in a process that requires the accessory secretion ATPase SecA2, thereby promoting daughter cell separation following cytokinesis. Consequently, a ΔdivIVA mutant forms elongated chains of unseparate…

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

CD44 expression in renal tubules during maladaptive repair is a potential marker for the transition from acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease in rats.

Toxicology · 2026 · PMID 42019744

Renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) are major targets of drug-induced kidney injury, a cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). Although TEC regeneration aids recovery, maladaptive repair promotes fibrosis and chronic kidney disease (CKD). CD44 has been reported to localize predominantly to dilated/atrophic TECs in the fibrotic lesions of rat CKD models, suggesting enrichment in failed-repair TECs, but its dynamics during the AKI-to-CKD transition are unclear. We examined CD44 across rat models spanning adaptive repai…

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Selective immune modulation in seminal plasma during simian immunodeficiency virus infection despite systemic inflammation.

Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2026 · PMID 42413644

Immune modulation in the male genital tract during HIV infection is not well understood, despite its role in viral persistence and transmission. In a study using an SIV rhesus macaque model, we assessed viral RNA and 61 cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in peripheral plasma (PP) and seminal plasma (SP). SIV RNA was found in both plasma samples, but the SP viral loads were more variable and decreased over time, independent of the systemic viremia. Baseline immune mediator profiles exhibited compartment-speci…

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Load adaptation mechanisms in tendons are determined by the hierarchical assembly.

Acta biomaterialia · 2026 · PMID 42242403

Tendons are hierarchically structured, transferring forces across multiple length scales. Loads are partitioned from the whole tendon through fascicles, fibers, and fibrils down to the tropocollagen molecules. To elucidate the structural deformation of tendons at different hierarchical levels, this study investigated the simultaneous tissue, sub-tendon, fibrillar, and molecular response to tensile load by combining in situ loading, digital image correlation and, small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering. To investigat…

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Emerging dactylellinatone attractant aids in the predation of nematodes by nematode-trapping fungus Dactylellina haptotyla.

Pesticide biochemistry and physiology · 2026 · PMID 42493056

Metabolites play an important role in pathogenic fungus-host interactions. Dactylellina haptotyla is a nematode-trapping fungus that produces traps (adhesive knobs) to capture and kill nematodes. The predation process of D. haptotyla is accompanied by changes in secondary metabolites. However, the functions and biosynthesis mechanisms of those metabolites remain unclear. In this study, dactylellinatone, a novel nematode chemoattractant from D. haptotyla associated with fungal predatory efficiency, was identified. H…

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

ACKR2 aids the regulation of bone marrow eosinophils to promote monocyte differentiation and anti-bacterial immunity.

Nature communications · 2026 · PMID 42637745

Chemokine receptors control cell migration within the body. Here we reveal interactions between eosinophils and monocytes in the bone marrow, indirectly controlled by the atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2. In the absence of ACKR2, there are decreased numbers of eosinophils in the bone marrow. As a result, eosinophil and monocyte interactions are reduced within the bone marrow niche, and are associated with changes in monocyte gene expression. Monocytes from ACKR2-/- mice are recruited to the tissues but are fundame…

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Alcohol and calorie-dense diets modulate immune phenotype and metabolic health in simian immunodeficiency virus infection.

Function (Oxford, England) · 2026 · PMID 42448343

Alcohol misuse and calorie-dense diets, especially those rich in sugar and fat, independently increase comorbidity risk among people with HIV. The objective of this study was to define the combined effects of chronic binge alcohol administration and consumption of a high-fat high-sucrose diet (HFSD) on systemic metabolic, immunologic, and body composition outcomes under controlled conditions in an established nonhuman primate (NHP) model of HIV infection. Male NHPs fed HFSD diet were administered alcohol or vehicle…

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Protocol for a primary human 2D intestinal epithelium-dendritic cell co-culture organoid model to study mucosal immunity and viral infections.

STAR protocols · 2026 · PMID 42550683

The intestinal mucosa is a major HIV-1 infection site, making immune-augmented intestinal models essential for mechanistic and therapeutic studies. We present a protocol that converts human intestinal organoids into polarized 2D epithelial monolayers and incorporates basolateral dendritic cells to create a biomimetic intestinal mucosal model. We describe steps for monolayer formation, integrity assessment, immune cell co-culture, virus inoculation, and analyses by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. This immuno…

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

New annotations for three pea aphid genome assemblies allow comparative analyses of duplication and gene family evolution.

G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026 · PMID 42198888

Reliable genome annotation is crucial for analyses of gene function, conservation, duplication, and evolution. Factors such as the sequencing technology used to create the assembly, as well as duplication and rearrangements within the genome of interest, can have a large impact on the quality of gene annotations. In particular, short-read-based assemblies tend to misassemble duplicated genes as single loci, a problem that requires additional measures such as long-read sequencing to resolve. Pea aphids exhibit a hig…

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

In-Vitro Evaluation of HIV/SARS-CoV-2 Co-Infection Mediated Proteomic Changes in Astrocytes and Pericytes Reveals Altered Signaling Pathways Associated With Neurodegenerative Disorders.

Journal of medical virology · 2026 · PMID 42557952

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors frequently experience a wide range of symptoms known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) or long COVID. Importantly, complications arising from microvascular dysfunction, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, and chronic neuroinflammation have been implicated in driving PASC within the central nervous system (CNS), known as neuro-PASC. Notably, people with HIV (PWH), who suffer from chronic neuroinflammation, BBB impairment, and glial cell dysfunction, collectiv…

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

CD49a expression defines a metabolically robust, cytokine-biased liver NK cell subset in rhesus macaques during lentivirus infection.

Immunology and cell biology · 2026 · PMID 42203213

Liver-resident natural killer (LrNK) cells are critical regulators of hepatic immune homeostasis and demonstrate antiviral activity, yet their role in lentivirus infections remains poorly defined. Using a rhesus macaque (RM) model of Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and Simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) infections, we investigated the phenotypes, metabolic profiles and functional responses of hepatic NK cells across naïve, acutely SIV-infected and chronically SHIV-infected RM. We identified liver-reside…

Rank36.8
Case report

The evolution of tecovirimat resistance in an immunocompromised individual with severe mpox infection.

Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease · 2026 · PMID 42497630

Tecovirimat is widely used for severe mpox, but resistance is increasingly reported, particularly in immunocompromised hosts. We describe a case of persistent clade IIb mpox in a 43-year-old man with advanced HIV (CD4 23 cells/µL) and disseminated necrotising disease. Despite prolonged tecovirimat therapy, lesions progressed. Serial viral isolates (n=8) obtained over 45 days underwent phenotypic susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing. Tecovirimat susceptibility declined markedly, with a ∼3 log10 increas…

Rank34.4
Preclinical or laboratory study

Clinical Resistance to Lenacapavir During Treatment of HIV Infection: A Review.

Viruses · 2026 · PMID 42655685

Lenacapavir (LEN) is the first-in-class capsid inhibitor that inhibits HIV capsid function in vitro with picomolar activity. LEN has been approved for the treatment of HIV in combination with other antiretroviral agents (ARVs), as well as for the prevention of acquisition of HIV-1 in people who may benefit from pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). In vitro investigations of the resistance profile of LEN have identified resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) at six residues in the HIV-1 capsid protein (CA), all found in…

Rank33.5
Preclinical or laboratory study

Low-Dose Cannabidiol Treatment does not Alter Cognitive Performance in the HIV-1 Transgenic Rat Model of NeuroHIV.

Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2026 · PMID 42622700

BACKGROUND: HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment (NCI) remains prevalent among virally suppressed people living with HIV (PLWH) and approved treatments target these symptoms. Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating cannabinoid with neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties, has been proposed as a potential therapeutic candidate for HIV-associated NCI, yet its cognitive effects in the context of HIV have not been experimentally tested. METHODS: Female and male HIV-1 transgenic (HIV-1Tg; n = 57) and Fischer …

Promising Experimental Therapies69 records
Rank103.1
Systematic review or meta-analysis

A Systematic Review of Quantitative Health Preference Methods to Support Value Clarification and Shared Decision Making: A Report of an ISPOR Special Interest Group.

Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research · 2026 · PMID 42000134

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to explore the design and outcomes of preference-based value clarification methods (Pb-VCMs) used in the context of supporting patients' clinical decision making to understand whether guidance is used in Pb-VCM development and which Pb-VCM is most effective. METHODS: In April of 2023, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for studies reporting the development and/or evaluation of Pb-VCMs without restrictions on publication date. Two reviewers independently extracted data incl…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Implementation of therapeutic adherence in adult patients diagnosed with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A systematic review.

Patient education and counseling · 2026 · PMID 42155336

OBJECTIVES: To systematically map and summarize the available knowledge on interventions that promote medication adherence among adult HIV patients and to describe the current state of the art regarding the impact of these interventions on clinical and psychosocial outcomes. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted and two researchers screened eligible studies independently. The Joanna Briggs Institute Quality Appraisal for Randomized Controlled Trials, Cross-Sectional Studies, and Quasi-Experimental Studies were…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysisResult signal: harm

Integrating smoking cessation into HIV care settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis of effectiveness and the evidence gap in cost-effectiveness.

PloS one · 2026 · PMID 42531253

The prevalence of smoking among people living with HIV (PLWH) is higher than in the general population, and PLWH who smoke are at increased risk of both smoking- and HIV-related comorbidities. As most PLWH reside in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), there is a need for effective and cost-effective smoking cessation interventions in resource-constrained settings. We systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed the effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions for PLWH and looked for economic evaluations. Fou…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Efficacy of substances containing 3 types of active ingredients-saponins, flavones, and alkaloids in regulation of cytokines in autoimmune diseases a systematic review and Meta-analysis based on animal studies.

Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan · 2024 · PMID 38767625

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of substances containing 3 types of active ingredients-saponins, flavones, and alkaloids on experimental animals with autoimmune diseases (AIDs). METHODS: The protocol for this systematic review and Meta-analysis was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023395741). Searches were conducted in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, Chinese Science and Technology Journals, China Biomedical, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases to screen for animal…

Rank98.3
Randomized controlled trial

Islatravir distribution in plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and mucosal tissues after monthly oral dosing.

AIDS (London, England) · 2026 · PMID 41789892

OBJECTIVE: Islatravir is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase translocation inhibitor (NRTTI) under development for HIV-1 treatment. We aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of islatravir and its active form, islatravir-triphosphate, in blood and mucosal tissues. DESIGN: This was an exploratory substudy of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, Phase 2a study of once-monthly islatravir in adults at low likelihood of HIV-1 exposure (NCT04003103). METHODS: Participants were randomly assigned…

Rank98.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

[Cochlear implantation in Ménière's disease].

HNO · 2026 · PMID 41644838

Menière's disease is a chronic inner ear disorder characterized by recurrent vertigo attacks, tinnitus, and fluctuating hearing loss, which may progress to severe sensorineural hearing impairment in a subset of patients. Since 2015, international consensus criteria distinguish between definite and probable disease. Current therapeutic strategies follow a stepwise approach, ranging from non-ablative to ablative interventions. Cochlear implantation (CI) has emerged as an effective option for auditory rehabilitation a…

Rank96.2
Randomized controlled trial

Week 96 resistance analysis in participants receiving bictegravir/lenacapavir in the phase 2 ARTISTRY-1 study.

Antiviral therapy · 2026 · PMID 42627157

BackgroundARTISTRY-1 is an ongoing Phase 2/3 study evaluating the safety and efficacy of once-daily oral bictegravir (BIC) + lenacapavir (LEN) in virologically suppressed (VS; HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL) participants on complex antiretroviral (ARV) regimens. Here, we report Week 96 extension-phase data after transition to BIC/LEN single-tablet regimen (STR).MethodsParticipants without known integrase strand-transfer inhibitor (INSTI) resistance were randomized (2:2:1) to BIC + LEN (75mg + 25mg or 75mg + 50mg) or stabl…

Rank96.1
Randomized controlled trial

Effects of Semaglutide on Cognitive Function in People With HIV: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026 · PMID 41098140

BACKGROUND: People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, PWH) are at higher risk for visceral adiposity, enhanced inflammation, and cognitive decline than controls who do not have HIV. We previously demonstrated that PWH with lipohypertrophy had a decrease in weight, visceral adipose tissue, and several inflammatory markers after receiving semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist. Our aim was to investigate the effect of semaglutide on cognitive function in PWH and the possible mediation of this ef…

Rank96.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Interventions to improve access to sexual and reproductive health services for adolescents living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review.

BMJ open · 2026 · PMID 42331589

OBJECTIVE: Adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) face barriers to accessing sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services, negatively affecting their health and quality of life. These challenges are particularly pronounced in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where HIV prevalence, unintended pregnancies and child marriage remain high. This review aimed to map interventions designed to improve SRH access for ALHIV in SSA, applying Levesque's framework to identify facilitators and barriers from supply-side and demand-side pers…

Rank95.5
Randomized controlled trial

Bispecific 10E8.4/iMab broadly neutralizing antibody in people with or without HIV-1: a partially randomized phase 1 trial.

Nature medicine · 2026 · PMID 42414619

Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) are a promising tool for HIV prevention and treatment. Here we conducted a first-in-human, phase 1 trial of the bispecific 10E8.4/iMab antibody, which consists of a 10E8.4 arm binding the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein membrane-proximal external region and an ibalizumab (iMab) arm binding the human CD4 molecule. 10E8.4/iMab was administered intravenously (IV) or subcutaneously (SC). Safety/tolerability within 2 weeks of 10E8.4/iMab administration (primary outcome) and the pharma…

Rank95.4
Randomized controlled trial

Resistance Analysis of Weekly Islatravir Plus Lenacapavir in People With HIV at 48 Weeks.

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2026 · PMID 41885130

BACKGROUND: Islatravir (ISL), a nucleoside reverse transcriptase translocation inhibitor, and lenacapavir (LEN), a capsid inhibitor, have pharmacokinetic profiles supporting once-weekly (QW) oral dosing. In a phase 2 study, QW ISL + LEN maintained a high rate (94.2%) of viral suppression (VS; HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL) at week 48. We report resistance analyses through week 48. METHODS: Virologically suppressed participants received ISL (2 mg QW) plus LEN (600 mg days 1 + 2, then 300 mg QW; n = 52) or once-daily bicte…

Rank95.3
Randomized controlled trial

Semaglutide slows epigenetic aging in a randomized trial of HIV-associated lipohypertrophy.

Nature communications · 2026 · PMID 42156721

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have attracted interest as gerotherapeutics, yet clinical-trial evidence for their effects on biological aging is lacking. We report a post hoc exploratory epigenetic age analysis of a 32-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2b trial (NCT04019197) of semaglutide in adults with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated lipohypertrophy (semaglutide n = 45; placebo n = 39). The parent trial's primary endpoint was change in visceral adipose tissu…

Rank95.0
Randomized controlled trial

Football-Specific Performance and Cognitive Fatigue Resistance Following Supplementation with Two Phosphatidylserine Doses Combined with Taurine and Caffeine in Professional Male Football Players: A Randomized, Triple-Masked, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Nutrients · 2026 · PMID 42654170

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Cognitive fatigue and impaired psychomotor function may contribute to reductions in football-specific performance during prolonged match-like activity. This study evaluated cognitive, psychomotor, sprint, and football-specific locomotor responses to multi-ingredient protocols containing taurine, caffeine, and either 300 or 600 mg·day-1 of phosphatidylserine in professional male football players. METHODS: In this randomized, triple-masked, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial, 97 professio…

Rank94.7
Randomized controlled trial

CD40.HIVEnv, an antibody mediated vaccine, induces long-term and recall immunogenicity in non-HIV-1 infected volunteers.

Scientific reports · 2026 · PMID 42215520

The ANRS VRI06 trial investigated CD40.HIVRI.Env, an Antibody Mediated Vaccine composed by a CD40 monoclonal antibody fused with gp140 Env, designed to target antigen to dendritic cells. Initial results in 72 HIV-uninfected volunteers showed that administration of 0.3-3.0 mg of CD40.HIVRI.Env, given alone or with DNA-HIV-PT123, was safe and immunogenic up to 48 weeks. After week 48 in the trial, 45 volunteers were randomized to receive a late boost (LB) of 0.3 mg CD40.HIVRI.Env, either with or without adjuvant, to …

Rank94.4
Randomized controlled trial

Safety, pharmacokinetics, and neutralisation activity of PGDM1400LS, VRC07-523LS, and PGT121.414.LS infused intravenously or subcutaneously (HVTN 140/HPTN 101 part B): a phase 1, randomised trial.

The lancet. HIV · 2026 · PMID 42114530

BACKGROUND: Passive immunisation with a combination of broadly neutralising monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) presents a potential HIV-1 prevention modality. This study (HVTN 140/HPTN 101) sought to evaluate PGDM1400LS (targeting V3-glycan) administered alone (part A, previously reported), and in combination (part B) with VRC07-523LS (targeting CD4 binding site) and PGT121.414.LS (targeting V2-apex) in healthy adults without HIV-1. METHODS: The study was a phase 1, multicentre, randomised, open-label trial done across t…

Rank94.0
Randomized controlled trial

Adapting mHealth Interventions to Improve Self-Management of HIV and Reduce Substance Use Among Emerging Adults in Zambia: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

JMIR research protocols · 2026 · PMID 42470201

BACKGROUND: Sub-Saharan Africa remains the region most affected by the HIV epidemic, with Zambia experiencing a substantial burden of disease. Young people with HIV are disproportionately impacted. Emerging adulthood (ages 18-24 years) is characterized by increasing independence, risk-taking behaviors, identity exploration, and changing social supports, all of which may impact HIV self-management, including medication adherence and retention in care. Substance use may further undermine HIV outcomes. Innovative inte…

Rank92.0
Randomized controlled trial

Renal function in African women receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate as pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV during pregnancy and postpartum: A postpartum safety analysis in the CAP016 randomized control trial.

HIV medicine · 2026 · PMID 42141514

BACKGROUND: The effect of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) when used as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) on renal function in pregnant and postpartum women is understudied. An open-label clinical trial (CAP016 study) was designed to examine the safety of TDF-PrEP use during pregnancy and breastfeeding. METHODS: Women were randomized (1:1) to either initiate PrEP at enrolment in pregnancy (Immediate PrEP-IP) or initiate PrEP (Deferred PrEP-DP) at the time of breastfeeding cessation. We compared changes in creatini…

Rank92.0
Randomized controlled trial

Physiological and Placebo Effects of Beetroot Juice in Virtual Cycling Using the Balanced Placebo Design.

Research quarterly for exercise and sport · 2026 · PMID 41886769

The physiological and placebo effects of beetroot juice remain unclear in settings outside traditional laboratory environments. Using a randomized, between-participant balanced placebo design, we asked 67 trained cyclists to complete 20-min time-trials on a virtual cycling platform with the ingestion of either beetroot juice or placebo (~552 or ~0.2 mg nitrate, respectively). After completing baseline trials, participants were randomized to one of four experimental groups: 1) informed beetroot juice/given beetroot …

Rank92.0
Randomized controlled trial

Acceptability of a Dolutegravir Oral Dispersible Film in Term Neonates Born to Mothers Living With HIV.

Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026 · PMID 42319215

INTRODUCTION: Dolutegravir (DTG) is a key antiretroviral (ARV) drug for children living with HIV, but no specific formulation is available for neonates (<28 days old). One of the DTG formulations evaluated in the PETITE-DTG trial was a novel 5 mg oral DTG dispersible film (DTG-Film). Acceptability to end-users is essential when introducing new ARV drugs. We report on the experiences of mothers and health workers related to the DTG-Film. METHODS: PETITE-DTG was a phase I/II, open-label two-stage study evaluating the…

Rank92.0
Randomized controlled trial

Effects of Acute Caffeine Ingestion on Morning Strength, Power and Repeated Sprint Measures in Males: A Standardized Approach.

Nutrients · 2026 · PMID 42588165

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Repeated sprint performance is typically reduced during the morning because of circadian-related changes in physiological function and muscle strength. Acute caffeine supplementation may attenuate these decrements; however, evidence remains inconsistent. This is partly because of inadequate control of chronobiological and methodological confounders. This study investigated the effects of acute morning caffeine ingestion on repeated sprint performance, physiological responses, strength, power …

Rank92.0
Randomized controlled trial

Caffeinated chewing gum improves military performances in special forces soldiers.

European journal of applied physiology · 2026 · PMID 42142184

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of caffeinated chewing gum on the cognitive tasks, strength and military performance of tier 1 special forces soldiers in Taiwan. METHODS: Sixteen male serving special forces soldiers (age: 34 ± 7 years; height: 172 ± 4 cm; BMI: 25.4 ± 2.7 kg/m²) completed the caffeinated chewing gum (CAF) trial and the placebo (PL) trial using a randomised crossover experimental design. After chewing the caffeinated chewing gum containing 3 mg·kg- 1 of caffeine (CAF…

Rank88.0
Phase III clinical trial

Baseline and week 48 resistance analysis in participants receiving bictegravir + lenacapavir in the phase 2 ARTISTRY-1 study.

AIDS (London, England) · 2026 · PMID 41874003

BACKGROUND: ARTISTRY-1 is an operationally seamless Phase 2/3 study evaluating the safety and efficacy of once-daily oral lenacapavir (LEN) + bictegravir (BIC) in virologically suppressed participants without known integrase strand-transfer inhibitor (INSTI) resistance, compared to a complex multi-tablet regimen. METHODS: Baseline HIV-1 resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) were assessed via historical genotypic reports (HGR) and proviral DNA genotyping (GenoSure Archive, Monogram Biosciences). The impact of basel…

Rank85.0
Randomized clinical study

A General Framework for Designing and Evaluating Active-Controlled Trials with Non-Inferiority Objectives.

Statistics in medicine · 2026 · PMID 42189090

Active-controlled trials with non-inferiority objectives are often used when effective interventions are available, but new options may offer advantages or meet public health needs. In these trials, participants are randomized to an experimental intervention or an active control. The traditional non-inferiority criterion requires that the new intervention preserve a substantial proportion of the active control effect. A key challenge is the absence of a placebo arm, which necessitates reliance on historical data to…

Rank85.0
Randomized clinical study

Epidemiological yield and cost-effectiveness of non-targeted community HIV screening in a low-prevalence district: a prospective quasi-experimental study.

Frontiers in public health · 2026 · PMID 42523627

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the epidemiological yield, cost-effectiveness, and mechanisms of diagnostic cascade attrition of active, expanded community-based HIV screening in a low-prevalence region, and to contextualize the regional management burden. METHODS: A prospective, non-randomized, quasi-experimental study was conducted (August-December 2025) across six demographically matched sub-districts. Three implemented active community screening (intervention); three maintained routine facility-based testing (control). …

Rank85.0
Randomized clinical study

Effects of strength training on morphological changes of lipodystrophy in people living with HIV: A quasi-experimental non-randomized controlled trial.

Journal of bodywork and movement therapies · 2026 · PMID 41927229

BACKGROUND: Lipodystrophy syndrome in people living with HIV (PLHIV) is an adverse effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART), characterized by morphological changes that contribute to the social stigma associated with the disease. PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of a strength training intervention on the morphological changes associated with lipodystrophy in PLHIV. METHODS: This quasi-experimental, non-randomized controlled trial was conducted over 12 weeks with 40 PLHIV (70 % male), divid…

Prospective Cohort Studies80 records
Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysisResult signal: null

Diabetes risk in HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort evidence.

HIV medicine · 2026 · PMID 42108560

OBJECTIVES: To quantify the incidence rate (IR) of diabetes in people living with HIV (PLWH), assess disparities relative to HIV-negative individuals and clarify the associations of antiretroviral therapy (ART) exposure and treatment duration with diabetes incidence. METHODS: We searched PubMed up to July 20, 2025, for prospective cohort studies including PLWH aged ≥18 with ≥6 months of follow-up and reported diabetes incidence. Two reviewers independently assessed study quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and…

Rank96.4
Randomized controlled trial

Immunogenicity and Safety of 2 Versus 3 Doses of 9-Valent Vaccine Against Human Papillomavirus in Women With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: The Papillon Randomized Trial.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026 · PMID 40356381

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization recommends 2 doses of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine for adults without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but 3 doses in persons with HIV. There are no immunogenicity data on the 2-dose schedule in women with HIV (WWH). METHODS: This was a prospective study comparing 2 doses (months 0 and 6) versus 3 (months 0, 2, and 6) doses of 9-valent vaccine (Gardasil 9, Merck Sharp & Dohme) in WWH (15-40 years), on antiretrovirals with HIV RNA <400 copies/mL, enrolled during 2018…

Rank95.8
Randomized controlled trial

Effect of an app-guided advanced cardiac life support algorithm on teamwork, non-technical skills, and workload in simulated in-hospital cardiac arrest: a randomized controlled feasibility trial.

Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2026 · PMID 42596010

BACKGROUND: In-hospital cardiac arrest carries high mortality despite advances in monitoring, rapid response systems, and adherence to advanced life support (ALS) guidelines. Digital decision-support tools, including mobile applications, are increasingly explored to improve guideline adherence, yet their impact on cognitive workload, team performance, and ALS performance remains uncertain. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, randomized, simulation-based controlled feasibility trial with 40 interprofessional teams …

Rank94.5
Randomized controlled trial

A Decision-Aid Improves Clinician Practice and Associated Patient Compression Stocking Adherence.

International wound journal · 2026 · PMID 42687702

Adherence to compression stocking wear is essential for reducing venous leg ulcer recurrence, yet adherence rates remain low. This study examined the relationship between a novel digital clinical decision-aid (the Personalized and Multidimensional Compression Assessment and Intervention [PAMCAI]), clinician practice, and patient adherence with compression stocking use, by embedding a prospective comparative cohort study within a pilot randomized controlled trial. The clinical notes of occupational therapists using …

Rank90.7
Randomized clinical study

Feasibility, Acceptability, and Test Performance of Point-of-Care Nucleic Acid Tests for HIV Testing and Viral Load Monitoring in the United States: Prospective Longitudinal Mixed-Methods Study.

JMIR research protocols · 2026 · PMID 42492499

BACKGROUND: With shorter window periods than serologic point-of-care (POC) tests and faster turnaround than laboratory-based nucleic acid tests (NAT), POC NATs could improve early detection of HIV. Furthermore, semiquantitative POC NAT may provide real-time monitoring for persons with HIV. There have been limited evaluations of POC NAT implementation in the United States. OBJECTIVE: This paper describes the protocols and procedures used to evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of POC NAT implementation and tes…

Rank85.0
Randomized clinical study

Epidemiological yield and cost-effectiveness of non-targeted community HIV screening in a low-prevalence district: a prospective quasi-experimental study.

Frontiers in public health · 2026 · PMID 42523627

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the epidemiological yield, cost-effectiveness, and mechanisms of diagnostic cascade attrition of active, expanded community-based HIV screening in a low-prevalence region, and to contextualize the regional management burden. METHODS: A prospective, non-randomized, quasi-experimental study was conducted (August-December 2025) across six demographically matched sub-districts. Three implemented active community screening (intervention); three maintained routine facility-based testing (control). …

Rank79.5
Multicenter clinical studyResult signal: null

Renal outcomes with dolutegravir plus lamivudine versus bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in ART-naive adults with HIV.

AIDS (London, England) · 2026 · PMID 42084114

OBJECTIVE: Dolutegravir plus lamivudine (DTG + 3TC) and bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) are guideline-recommended first-line regimens for people with HIV (PWH), but their comparative renal safety remains unclear. We aimed to compare kidney outcomes between these regimens in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive PWH, stratified by baseline renal function. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, prospective cohort study in China (2018-2025) enrolling 2655 ART-naive PWH initiating DTG + 3TC ( n…

Rank79.5
Multicenter clinical study

Using inability to walk to predict in-hospital mortality in a high-income country - A comparison with the National Early Warning Score in a multicenter prospective cohort.

Journal of critical care · 2026 · PMID 42044607

BACKGROUND: Inability to walk (IATW) has predicted mortality in emergency units and in low-income settings, but its value among inpatients in high-income countries is unknown. AIM: To evaluate the predictive accuracy of IATW for 30-day in-hospital mortality among inpatients in a high-income country, compare its performance with NEWS CRITICAL (the threshold for urgent review), and assess whether IATW provides complementary risk stratification when combined with NEWS. METHODS: All adult inpatients in four Swedish hos…

Rank78.3
Multicenter clinical study

External Evaluation of Population Pharmacokinetic Models of Cabotegravir, During Its Oral and Intramuscular Administration in HIV-Infected Patients.

CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2026 · PMID 42170807

Cabotegravir (CAB), combined with rilpivirine, is the first long-acting injectable therapy approved for HIV-1 maintenance treatment. While adherence and patient satisfaction have been improved, pharmacokinetic (PK) variability remains a concern. Two population PK models have been developed: one based on data from phase I-III trials and the other on routine clinical data. However, neither model has undergone thorough external evaluation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive performance of these model…

Rank77.8
Multicenter clinical study

Proteomic Immune Signatures of Severe HIV-Associated Tuberculosis in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Prospective, Multicenter Analysis From Uganda.

Critical care explorations · 2026 · PMID 42645154

OBJECTIVES: Severe tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of critical illness and death in people living with HIV (PLWH) worldwide. Despite this, the immunopathology of severe HIV-associated TB (HIV/TB) is poorly understood. We aimed to identify an immunopathologic signature of severe HIV/TB in sub-Saharan Africa. DESIGN AND SETTING: We analyzed proteomic data from two prospective observational cohorts of adults hospitalized with severe undifferentiated infection in Uganda: an urban discovery cohort (Entebbe, n = 241) …

Rank76.0
Multicenter clinical study

Clinical course and virologic dynamics of Mpox during tecovirimat treatment: Prospective multicenter case series in Japan.

Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy · 2026 · PMID 42521123

INTRODUCTION: At the time of this study, no approved treatment for mpox was available in Japan, and data on the clinical course and virological changes during tecovirimat treatment were limited. METHODS: We conducted a prospective multicenter observational case series of patients with PCR-confirmed mpox between June 28, 2022, and March 31, 2025, to describe the clinical course and safety of a 14-day course of tecovirimat. Participants could choose treatment or no treatment. RESULTS: All 31 participants received tec…

Rank75.6
Multicenter clinical study

De Novo Cancer in Liver Transplant Patients With HIV Infection: A Multicenter Nationwide Cohort Study.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026 · PMID 41989878

BACKGROUND: Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have been gradually accepted as solid organ transplant recipients, although there is still concern that the burden of immunosuppression and HIV infection could increase the risk of post-transplant cancer. METHODS: The risk of de novo cancer was evaluated in a prospective cohort of 272 HIV-positive and 816 matched HIV-negative liver transplant recipients in Spain (2002-2012). All tumors, except hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence and non-melanoma…

Rank75.3
Multicenter clinical study

COVID-19 vaccination among people with HIV in Uganda: lessons from a high-risk group with high vaccine uptake for the next pandemic.

Vaccine · 2026 · PMID 42430873

BACKGROUND: Despite the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine, vaccination rates vary across settings and populations, especially among people living with HIV (PLHIV). We assessed factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination among PLHIV in Mbarara, Uganda. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional, secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study consisting of PLHIV ≥18 years old on antiretroviral therapy (ART). We collected data on COVID-19 vaccine uptake and associated factors beginning in December 2021, 9 months a…

Rank73.0
Multicenter clinical studyResult signal: harm

Meningococcal and pneumococcal carriage in children with HIV.

AIDS (London, England) · 2026 · PMID 41879086

BACKGROUND: Children with HIV (CWH) remain at increased risk for colonization and invasive disease by Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae despite antiretroviral therapy (ART) and vaccination. Data on nasopharyngeal carriage in this group are limited in Türkiye. METHODS: In this multicenter prospective study, nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained from 80 CWH and 180 age-matched healthy controls between July and December 2024 in İstanbul and İzmir. Samples were analyzed by real-time PCR for N. meningitid…

Rank73.0
Multicenter clinical study

Heterogeneity of baseline immune activation and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine responses in people with HIV: a multicenter prospective study.

AIDS (London, England) · 2026 · PMID 42227026

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether baseline immune activation and inflammation contribute to heterogeneity in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced immunity in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated people with HIV (PWH) compared to controls. METHODS: In this multicenter prospective study, 159 ART-treated PWH from two cohorts and 56 HIV-negative controls were enrolled. The two PWH cohorts differed in immunovirological control: one showed sustained viral suppression and CD4 + T-cell recovery, the other per…

Rank73.0
Multicenter clinical study

Oral Lesions in People Living with HIV: The Lining HIV Study.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026 · PMID 42515006

Oral manifestations are common in people living with HIV (PLWH) and may affect oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), while data from Greece remain limited. This multicenter prospective cohort study evaluated oral health status and OHRQoL among PLWH and explored associations with antiretroviral therapy (ART) and clinical factors. Overall, 370 PLWH from seven referral centers were included. Participants underwent oral examination, with oral hygiene assessed using the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), and…

Rank71.9
Prospective cohort study

Risk Factors for Immunological Sensitization to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Progression to Incident TB Disease Among HIV-uninfected Adults in a High Burden Setting.

The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026 · PMID 41707096

BACKGROUND: Identifying risk factors for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) sensitization (defined as interferon-gamma release assays [IGRA]-positive) and progression to tuberculosis (TB) disease is critical to guide targeted prevention strategies. METHODS: We analyzed data from a prospective cohort of adults (18-60 years) without HIV, enrolled at five high-incidence South African sites. Participants underwent testing for Mtb sensitization and microbiologically confirmed TB at baseline, and during 15 months follow-up…

Rank71.7
Prospective cohort study

PrEP surfing: HIV preexposure prophylaxis use of sex partners as HIV prevention strategy among men who have sex with men.

AIDS (London, England) · 2026 · PMID 42013447

OBJECTIVE: Having condomless anal sex while relying on the HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use of one's sex partner is referred to as PrEP surfing. We aimed to estimate the proportion of men who have sex with men (MSM) practicing PrEP surfing, their intention to practice it, and determinants of both. DESIGN: Open prospective cohort study. METHODS: We included MSM participating in the Amsterdam Cohort Studies in 2021-2023. Biannually, participants completed questionnaires on recent (=preceding 6 months) sexual be…

Rank70.9
Prospective cohort study

Indicator condition-guided HIV testing in patients with mononucleosis-like illness and community-acquired pneumonia in an Emergency Department setting: A prospective study from Poland (2015-2018).

PloS one · 2026 · PMID 42525658

BACKGROUND: Despite advances in HIV care, late diagnosis remains a major public health challenge in Europe, with nearly half of HIV diagnoses in the EU/EEA occurring at a late stage. In Poland, a substantial proportion of people living with HIV remain undiagnosed. Indicator condition-guided testing has been proposed as an effective strategy to reduce missed opportunities for earlier diagnosis. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted at the Emergency Department of the Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Wa…

Rank70.7
Prospective cohort study

Hepatitis B Outcomes After Switching to Long-Acting Cabotegravir/Rilpivirine in People With HIV: Reactivation, Incident Infection, and Liver Safety Across Diverse Serological Profiles.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026 · PMID 41539988

BACKGROUND: Long-acting cabotegravir/rilpivirine (LA-CAB/RPV) therapy for HIV, lacks activity against hepatitis B virus (HBV). We evaluate HBV serological profiles and risk of HBV reactivation (HBVr) or incident infection (HBVi) in people with HIV (PWH) switching to LA-CAB/RPV. METHODS: Prospective cohort study of PWH initiating LA-CAB/RPV at Hospital Clínic Barcelona between February/2023 and February/2025. HBV serology, vaccination status, and liver function tests (LFTs) were assessed at baseline. Follow-up LFTs …

Rank70.6
Prospective cohort studyResult signal: benefit

From Awareness to Action Study: Improving Human Papillomavirus Knowledge, Screening and Vaccine Uptake Among Mother-Adolescent Pairs in the HOMINY Study in Nigeria: A Longitudinal Study.

Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026 · PMID 42499163

INTRODUCTION: Persistent cervical infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) in women is a leading cause of cervical cancer, and its co-infection among people living with HIV increases the risk of other HPV-associated cancers, including oropharyngeal and anogenital cancers. In sub-Saharan Africa, awareness of HPV is limited, screening and vaccine adoption are critically low, undermining efforts towards sexually transmitted infection (STI) elimination. METHODS: From Awareness to ACTion (FACT) study assessed…

Rank70.0
Multicenter clinical study

Twenty-four month effectiveness and safety of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in people with HIV: Real-world data from the BICSTaR Japan cohort.

Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy · 2026 · PMID 42551554

INTRODUCTION: BICSTaR (BICtegravir Single Tablet Regimen) is a multinational observational study assessing the virologic effectiveness and safety of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Previously, the 12-month analysis of the Japan cohort of BICSTaR showed high levels of virologic effectiveness and tolerability with B/F/TAF. METHODS: Data for 84 treatment-experienced (TE) or 116 treatment-naïve (TN) participants aged ≥20 years receiving B/F/TA…

Rank69.9
Prospective cohort study

Response times from gap detection threshold testing relate to cognitive processing speed in young adults.

Neuroscience · 2026 · PMID 42398888

OBJECTIVE: In addition to a gap detection threshold, an auditory gap detection task also provides information on response time. This study investigated the association of response time from an adaptive gap detection task with two validated measures of cognitive processing speed as well as scores from a cognitive screener, while accounting for the effects of age, peripheral hearing ability, and HIV status. DESIGN: Participants (age 17-45 years) were from a prospective cohort study in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania with nor…

Rank69.9
Prospective cohort study

Natural history of anal HSIL and predictive value of cytology and HPV biomarkers in MSM living with HIV: A prospective cohort study.

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2026 · PMID 42264069

OBJECTIVES: Men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV are at high risk for anal cancer, which arises from HPV-related high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). This study describes natural history of HSIL and identifies predictors of incidence and clearance using HPV DNA and E6/E7 mRNA biomarkers. METHODS: Prospective cohort of 354 MSM with HIV, followed for 2-4 years. Visitsisits included anal cytology, HPV DNA/mRNA testing, and high-resolution anoscopy. Composite cytological and histological outco…

Rank69.9
Prospective cohort study

Patient Determinants and Effects on Adherence of Adverse Drug Reactions to Tuberculosis Treatment: A Prospective Cohort Analysis.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025 · PMID 39973802

BACKGROUND: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to tuberculosis (TB) medications make treatment completion challenging. We investigated the impact of alcohol, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and other patient determinants on ADRs and treatment adherence. METHODS: We administered monthly ADR questionnaires to participants with TB in Worcester, South Africa. Adherence was defined as the proportion of observed doses on days when directly observed therapy was attempted. We used regression modeling to identify association…

Quality Of Life81 records
Rank108.2
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Quality of Life in Children With Cochlear Implants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Different Quality of Life Domains.

Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2026 · PMID 42525886

PURPOSE: The primary objective of this study was to assess the quality of life (QoL) in children with cochlear implants (CIs) from the children's and parents' perspectives through utilizing the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) and KINDL questionnaires. A secondary objective was to compare the QoL of children with CIs to those using hearing aids and to children with normal hearing (NH). METHOD: A total of 1,830 records were obtained since the search was systematically carried out across databases, which …

Rank106.7
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Hearing aids for mild to moderate hearing loss in adults.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026 · PMID 42644645

RATIONALE: This is an update of an existing review. The main clinical intervention for mild to moderate hearing loss is the provision of hearing aids, which amplify speech in addition to environmental sounds. Hearing aids are routinely offered and fitted to those who seek help for hearing difficulties. Since the previous 2017 review, further randomised-controlled trials (RCTs) have been published. This review updates the certainty of the evidence and assesses two additional outcomes: mental health and cognition. OB…

Rank105.9
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Multimodal interventions for cachexia management.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025 · PMID 40130780

BACKGROUND: Cachexia (disease-related wasting) is a complex metabolic syndrome which occurs in people with chronic illnesses, including cancer, HIV/AIDS, kidney disease, heart disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). People with cachexia experience unintentional weight loss, muscle loss, fatigue, loss of appetite, and reduced quality of life. Multimodal interventions which work synergistically to treat the syndrome could lead to benefits. OBJECTIVES: To assess the benefits and harms of multimodal …

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Design thinking as health intervention strategy for active aging from 2014 to 2024: A systematic review.

Work (Reading, Mass.) · 2026 · PMID 41761483

BackgroundThe global population is aging rapidly, creating an urgent need to motivate older adults to engage with health interventions despite challenges such as low health literacy, physical and cognitive limitations, perceived stigma, limited resources, and low engagement with new technologies. Design Thinking (DT), a user-centered innovation approach, has been increasingly applied in public health to enhance intervention design and implementation. Systematic reviews on the application of DT in active aging inter…

Rank98.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Developing and evaluating measurement instruments for intensive and high-acuity care: A practical six-step guide aligned with international measurement standards.

Australian critical care : official journal of the Confederation of Australian Critical Care Nurses · 2026 · PMID 42673737

INTRODUCTION: Clinical decisions in intensive care, emergency, and high-dependency settings depend on defensible measurement of patient outcomes, care processes, and staff and family experiences. Systematic reviews have found that most outcome instruments used in acute care and survivorship research lack adequate evidence for key measurement properties, limiting confidence in research synthesis and clinical translation. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to provide a practical, six-step guide for developing and …

Rank98.0
Systematic review or meta-analysisCorrection flagged

Updating knowledge on existing approaches on advanced care planning interventions: An umbrella review.

Archives of gerontology and geriatrics · 2026 · PMID 42085825

CONTEXT: Advanced care planning (ACP) can reduce hospitalizations, increase quality of life, and align treatment with patient wishes, while lowering healthcare costs. However, healthcare providers' discomfort, lack of training, and patient anxiety may hinder ACP. Furthermore, disparities exist among minority and low-income groups. Growing research highlights the need for standardized definitions and broader implementation, especially post-COVID-19, incorporating digital tools, economic impacts, ethics, and family r…

Rank98.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

[Cochlear implantation in Ménière's disease].

HNO · 2026 · PMID 41644838

Menière's disease is a chronic inner ear disorder characterized by recurrent vertigo attacks, tinnitus, and fluctuating hearing loss, which may progress to severe sensorineural hearing impairment in a subset of patients. Since 2015, international consensus criteria distinguish between definite and probable disease. Current therapeutic strategies follow a stepwise approach, ranging from non-ablative to ablative interventions. Cochlear implantation (CI) has emerged as an effective option for auditory rehabilitation a…

Rank96.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Unheard Voices: A Systematic Literature Review of Studies Using Self-Report Methods to Gather the Perspectives of Autistic Adults with Intellectual Disability.

Autism in adulthood · 2026 · PMID 42383261

BACKGROUND: Autistic individuals with intellectual disability remain significantly underrepresented in research, particularly in studies that capture their lived experiences through self-report methods. This systematic review critically examines existing research employing self-report methods in studies where the focus is on autistic adults who have intellectual disability, evaluating the scope of this research, the self-report measures used, and the extent of community involvement. METHODS: We conducted a systemat…

Rank96.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Interventions to Improve the informed consent process and perioperative education for women undergoing hysterectomy for benign indications: A systematic review.

Journal of minimally invasive gynecology · 2026 · PMID 42660312

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review interventions designed to improve the informed consent process and perioperative education for women undergoing hysterectomy for benign indications. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were searched from inception to February 2026. METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION: We included comparative studies evaluating interventions intended to improve perioperative counseling for women undergoing benign hysterectomy. Eligible studies reported consent- or knowledge-related, perioper…

Rank96.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Efficacy of Non-Pharmacological Interventions in Improving Health-Related Quality of Life in People Living With HIV: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Worldviews on evidence-based nursing · 2026 · PMID 42503697

BACKGROUND: With antiretroviral therapy, HIV has become a manageable chronic condition, shifting focus to improving health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Non-pharmacological interventions offer distinct advantages for optimizing long-term health outcomes in people living with HIV. OBJECTIVES: To identify optimal non-pharmacological interventions for improving overall HRQoL and its domains (physical, psychological, social, environmental, independence, spiritual). METHODS: Ten databases (Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Sci…

Rank96.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Effectiveness of support interventions for improving well-being outcomes in parents of preterm infants: an umbrella review protocol.

JBI evidence synthesis · 2026 · PMID 41562567

OBJECTIVE: This umbrella review will assess the effectiveness of support interventions for improving well-being outcomes in parents of preterm infants. INTRODUCTION: Preterm birth presents significant emotional, psychological, and social challenges for parents, often adversely affecting their well-being. Numerous systematic reviews have examined support interventions aimed at improving parental outcomes. An umbrella review is warranted to synthesize and critically appraise this diverse evidence. Such a review could…

Rank95.2
Randomized controlled trial

Safety and tolerability of switching to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide versus continuing dolutegravir/lamivudine in people living with HIV with neuropsychiatric comorbidities: Week 24 and 48 results from the Management of INSTI-associated Neuropsychiatric Disorders (MIND) clinical trial.

International journal of antimicrobial agents · 2026 · PMID 42055353

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if switching from dolutegravir/lamivudine (DTG/3TC) to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) improves neuropsychiatric tolerability in suppressed adults with stable neuropsychiatric comorbidities. METHODS: MIND was a phase IV, randomised, double-blind, multicentre trial. Participants were assigned (1:1) to switch to BIC/FTC/TAF or continue DTG/3TC. The primary endpoint was the proportion of grade 2-4 neuropsychiatric adverse events (NP-AEs) at week 24. Secondary endpoi…

Rank92.0
Randomized controlled trial

Proof-of-concept randomised controlled trial of data-driven hearing rehabilitation versus standard care in older adults with hearing loss: the healthy hearing for healthy ageing protocol.

BMJ open · 2026 · PMID 42481198

INTRODUCTION: Hearing aids (HAs) can alleviate hearing loss; however, HA rehabilitation is frequently hampered by delayed diagnosis, suboptimal fitting and lack of systematic follow-up. Although the association between hearing loss and cognitive decline has been identified, evidence from randomised controlled trials remains limited. Addressing these gaps is essential for reducing hearing loss-related experiences and evaluating whether effective HA use could reduce the risk of cognitive decline. METHODS AND ANALYSIS…

Rank88.0
Randomized clinical study

Primary Care-Integrated mHealth Intervention for HIV Self-management Among Thai Men Who Have Sex With Men Living With HIV: A Mixed-Methods Feasibility Study.

The Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care : JANAC · 2026 · PMID 42565468

Thai men who have sex with men living with HIV face persistent self-management challenges. This Phase 2 mixed-methods quasi-experimental study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of the Interactive HIV/AIDS Self-Management Education Application, a theory-informed mHealth intervention integrated within primary care. Sixty-three participants (n = 32 intervention; n = 31 comparison) were assessed at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks, with propensity score weighting used to reduce bias. Fea…

Rank87.0
Randomized clinical study

Training and provision of mobility aids to promote autonomy and mobility of older patients in a geriatric emergency department: A protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

PloS one · 2024 · PMID 39083494

Older adults have higher rates of emergency department (ED) admissions when compared to their younger counterparts. Mobility is the ability to move around, but also encompasses the environment and the ability to adapt to it. Walking aids can be used to improve mobility and prevent falls. According to international guidelines, they must be available in Geriatric EDs. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a program of training and provision of walking aids (WA), associated or not with telemonitoring, on fear of…

Rank85.0
Randomized clinical study

Factors Associated With Improved Physical Performance in Individuals With Parkinson's Disease Using the Fisior® Sequential Square Mat Walking Training Program: A Secondary Gender-Stratified Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Journal of central nervous system disease · 2026 · PMID 42572563

BACKGROUND: Variability in functional response to exercise interventions in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains poorly understood. Sex-related differences in motor performance and rehabilitation outcomes have been described but are rarely examined within intervention studies. This study presents a secondary sex-stratified analysis of a previously published randomized controlled trial (RCT) to explore factors associated with differential improvements in physical performance. OBJECTIVES: To analyze sex-specific factors …

Rank73.0
Multicenter clinical study

Patient-reported quality of life in people living with HIV in Romania: a cross-sectional PROM-based study.

HIV research & clinical practice · 2026 · PMID 42169383

BACKGROUND: In Romania, people living with HIV represent heterogeneous cohorts shaped by distinct epidemiological and social contexts. While antiretroviral therapy (ART) has markedly improved survival, quality-of-life (QoL) encompasses broader dimensions not fully captured by clinical indicators. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) offer a valuable approach to understanding these dimensions in routine care. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, cross-sectional study using the OCTAVE PROM to assess patient-repo…

Rank73.0
Multicenter clinical study

Oral Lesions in People Living with HIV: The Lining HIV Study.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026 · PMID 42515006

Oral manifestations are common in people living with HIV (PLWH) and may affect oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), while data from Greece remain limited. This multicenter prospective cohort study evaluated oral health status and OHRQoL among PLWH and explored associations with antiretroviral therapy (ART) and clinical factors. Overall, 370 PLWH from seven referral centers were included. Participants underwent oral examination, with oral hygiene assessed using the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), and…

Rank70.0
Multicenter clinical study

Twenty-four month effectiveness and safety of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in people with HIV: Real-world data from the BICSTaR Japan cohort.

Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy · 2026 · PMID 42551554

INTRODUCTION: BICSTaR (BICtegravir Single Tablet Regimen) is a multinational observational study assessing the virologic effectiveness and safety of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Previously, the 12-month analysis of the Japan cohort of BICSTaR showed high levels of virologic effectiveness and tolerability with B/F/TAF. METHODS: Data for 84 treatment-experienced (TE) or 116 treatment-naïve (TN) participants aged ≥20 years receiving B/F/TA…

Rank70.0
Multicenter clinical study

Mpox in People With HIV: Predictors of Diagnosis, Outcomes, and Vaccine Effectiveness in a Multisite Cohort.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026 · PMID 39377755

INTRODUCTION: Since its global reemergence in 2022, monkeypox (mpox) has demonstrated increased incidence and severity among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV [PWH]). Predictors of mpox diagnosis, vaccination, and outcomes among PWH are limited. METHODS: We included PWH with primary care visits after 1 January 2022 at 9 US sites participating in the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinic Systems Network. We identified mpox diagnosed between 1 June 2022 and 31 May 2023, through a combinat…

Rank65.6
Observational or cohort study

Analysis of Associated Factors and Construction of Risk Prediction Models for Frailty in Hospitalized Older Adults Living With HIV: Protocol for a Prospective Observational Study.

JMIR research protocols · 2026 · PMID 41712913

BACKGROUND: The aging trend of people living with HIV or AIDS in China is increasing day by day. Frailty is a common condition among older adults living with HIV or AIDS and represents a significant cause of poor prognosis, including falls, decreased quality of life, increased mortality, and potentially prolonged hospital stays. Consequently, early frailty screening in this population holds important clinical significance. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to describe the theoretical basis, research objectives, and implem…

Rank63.7
Observational or cohort study

The Impact of Achieving Sustained Viral Response with Direct Antiviral Agents in in HCV/HIV Co-infected Patients.

The Israel Medical Association journal : IMAJ · 2026 · PMID 42557645

BACKGROUND: Co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) affects approximately 2.2 million people globally and is associated with accelerated liver disease progression, increased morbidity, and reduced quality of life (QoL). While direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have revolutionized HCV treatment with high cure rates, evidence of their long-term impact on liver-related QoL and associated metabolic or immunologic shifts in HIV/HCV co-infected populations remains limited. OBJECTIVES…

Rank62.9
Observational or cohort study

Treatment-emergent psychiatric adverse events in patient-reported outcomes during ketamine use for major depressive disorder: a retrospective analysis.

Pharmacological reports : PR · 2026 · PMID 42159864

BACKGROUND: Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) poses a significant therapeutic challenge, with remission often unattainable. Recognition and detection of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) are essential, as these events may significantly influence the quality of treatment response. This knowledge aids in personalizing care and selecting the best treatment strategy. METHODS: In a retrospective analysis of an observational study of inpatients (n = 28) with TRD, who were administered 8 ketamine infusions as a…

Rank60.0
Observational or cohort study

Health and disability assessment in individuals with hearing loss: a longitudinal study using WHODAS 2.0.

CoDAS · 2026 · PMID 42561300

PURPOSE: To assess the self-perception of health and disability of individuals with bilateral hearing loss (HL) before and after one year of using hearing aids, using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0). METHODS: Longitudinal, observational and analytical-descriptive study, approved by the research ethics committee under opinion number 6.767.314, in which 15 individuals diagnosed with mild to severe hearing loss and wearing bilateral hearing aids (HA) were assessed. The WHO…

Rank50.6
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Episodic memory rehabilitation for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders: A scoping review.

Journal of neuropsychology · 2026 · PMID 42545869

Despite extensive research on HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), interest in cognitive rehabilitation has emerged only within the past 15 years. HAND are characterised by mild-to-moderate impairments in multiple cognitive domains: attention, episodic memory and executive functions. In the context of HAND, the prevalence of episodic memory disorders is high, ranging from 40% to 65% across studies. This scoping review aims to identify available evidence of rehabilitation programmes targeting episodic mem…

Randomized Controlled Trials140 records
Rank108.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Effectiveness of conditional cash transfers for uptake and retention in HIV prevention of mother-to-child transmission services in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

JBI evidence synthesis · 2025 · PMID 40539478

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize the best available evidence on the effectiveness of conditional cash transfers for the uptake and retention in prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services among pregnant and/or breastfeeding women with HIV in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). INTRODUCTION: Regardless of the effectiveness of PMTCT services, uptake and retention in such services remains low in LMICs. Conditional cash transfers are considered an important stra…

Rank107.9
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Lenacapavir as pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026 · PMID 41919720

RATIONALE: Globally, there are 1.3 million new HIV infections annually, with a disproportionate burden on young women and girls, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (63% of new infections). Despite the demonstrated effectiveness of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), global uptake remains low, reaching only 16.5% of the UNAIDS 2025 target. PrEP adherence is suboptimal in vulnerable populations. There is an urgent need to develop and implement alternative, user-friendly PrEP strategies like long-acting formulations that m…

Rank107.8
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Incidence of neonatal sepsis among HIV exposed neonates of mothers on integrase strand transfer inhibitors in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BMC infectious diseases · 2026 · PMID 42601609

INTRODUCTION: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-exposed infants face elevated risks of neonatal sepsis, influenced by maternal antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens. Dolutegravir (DTG), a widely used integrase transfer inhibitor (INSTI), and the preferred first line drugs for management of HIV in pregnancy, has shown potential adverse effects such as hyperglycaemia, which may impact neonatal outcomes including risk of neonatal sepsis. We estimated the pooled incidence of neonatal sepsis among neonates exposed to I…

Rank107.1
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Efficacy and safety of doravirine/islatravir for HIV-1: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

HIV research & clinical practice · 2026 · PMID 42400399

BACKGROUND: The combination of doravirine and islatravir (DOR/ISL) is a novel two-drug regimen for HIV-1. Early development faced challenges due to dose-dependent immunological signals. We aimed to synthesize the evidence on the efficacy and safety of DOR/ISL across all treatment-experience categories, specifically evaluating the impact of islatravir dosage (0.25 mg vs 0.75 mg) on clinical and immunological outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) …

Rank106.9
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Effectiveness of the primary Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine against the risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis disease: a meta-analysis of individual participant data.

The Lancet. Microbe · 2025 · PMID 39709975

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis vaccine trials using disease as the primary endpoint are large, time consuming, and expensive. An earlier immunological measure of the protection against disease would accelerate tuberculosis vaccine development. We aimed to assess whether the effectiveness of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine for prevention of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection was consistent with that for prevention of tuberculosis disease. METHODS: We conducted an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysi…

Rank106.7
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Hearing aids for mild to moderate hearing loss in adults.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026 · PMID 42644645

RATIONALE: This is an update of an existing review. The main clinical intervention for mild to moderate hearing loss is the provision of hearing aids, which amplify speech in addition to environmental sounds. Hearing aids are routinely offered and fitted to those who seek help for hearing difficulties. Since the previous 2017 review, further randomised-controlled trials (RCTs) have been published. This review updates the certainty of the evidence and assesses two additional outcomes: mental health and cognition. OB…

Rank105.9
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Multimodal interventions for cachexia management.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025 · PMID 40130780

BACKGROUND: Cachexia (disease-related wasting) is a complex metabolic syndrome which occurs in people with chronic illnesses, including cancer, HIV/AIDS, kidney disease, heart disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). People with cachexia experience unintentional weight loss, muscle loss, fatigue, loss of appetite, and reduced quality of life. Multimodal interventions which work synergistically to treat the syndrome could lead to benefits. OBJECTIVES: To assess the benefits and harms of multimodal …

Rank105.4
Systematic review or meta-analysisResult signal: null

Assistive technologies (lumbar supports and other devices) for treating chronic low back pain.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026 · PMID 42680183

RATIONALE: Low back pain (LBP) is a major global health problem. It is the most common cause of activity limitation amongst individuals younger than 45 years, and one of the most frequent reasons for visits to a doctor. The 2019 Global Burden of Disease study named LBP as the leading cause of the need for rehabilitation, estimated to affect 568 million people. Its socioeconomic burden is substantial, with LBP-related costs from productivity loss and healthcare services utilisation making a significant impact on nat…

Rank104.4
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Effectiveness of 234 interventions to improve life satisfaction: A rapid systematic review.

Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025 · PMID 39754856

This rapid review evaluates interventions aimed at improving life satisfaction and aids policymakers, researchers, and practitioners by identifying research strengths, gaps, and future directions for life satisfaction research. Intervention inclusion criteria were: use of a control group; delivered in high-income OECD country; randomised control trials or quasi-experimental studies; published between Jan 2011-Oct 2023; English language; uses a validated life satisfaction outcome measure. Of 9520 search results acro…

Rank103.4
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Interventions to improve viral suppression and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

The lancet. HIV · 2026 · PMID 42556371

BACKGROUND: In 2025, 78% of people living with HIV worldwide were on antiretroviral therapy 95% of people on treatment were virally suppressed. Suboptimal adherence, defined as not taking interventions as prescribed, threatens viral suppression and can lead to antiviral resistance, morbidity, mortality, and transmission. We updated a systematic review and network meta-analysis to estimate the effects of different adherence interventions on adherence and viral suppression. METHODS: In this systematic review and netw…

Rank102.2
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Effects of targeted interventions on HIV testing, knowledge and sexual risk behaviours among long-distance truck drivers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BMJ open · 2026 · PMID 42457421

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to systematically summarise and quantify the empirical evidence on targeted interventions and their effects on various HIV prevention outcomes for long-distance truck drivers (LDTDs) globally. DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: We searched PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC), Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), ProQuest Central, EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect, World Health Organisation (Global Index Medicus), Cochrane Library, Scientific Electronic Lib…

Rank101.7
Randomized controlled trial

Effect of a person-centered care intervention on return and sustained reengagement after treatment interruptions from HIV care in Zambia: A post-hoc analysis of a stepped-wedged cluster randomized trial.

PLoS medicine · 2026 · PMID 42679007

BACKGROUND: Poor client-provider interactions lead to reinforcing cycles of treatment interruptions (TIs) from HIV care and fear of return, undermining sustained retention. We previously demonstrated a multi-component person-centered care intervention (PCC) targeting healthcare worker (HCW) behavior improved client experience and retention in HIV care. To understand mechanisms of improved retention, we evaluated the effect of the PCC intervention on return after TIs and sustained retention after return in a post-ho…

Rank100.7
Randomized controlled trial

Alcohol consumption and oral human papillomavirus infection among men living with HIV: a cross-sectional study from the ULACNet 201 trial.

Scientific reports · 2026 · PMID 42215629

Alcohol consumption is recognized as a risk factor for oropharyngeal cancer. However, its role in oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among people living with HIV (PLWH) remains unclear. This cross-sectional study analyzed baseline data from 699 men living with HIV (MLWH) enrolled in the multicenter ULACNet-201 trial (NCT04255849) to assess oral HPV infection by drinking behavior, examine the association between alcohol consumption and HPV infection, exploring smoking as a potential effect modifier. Oral garg…

Rank100.5
Randomized controlled trial

LC16m8 for Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Against Mpox in a High-Risk Population: An Open-Label Randomized Trial.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026 · PMID 39982831

BACKGROUND: This randomized controlled trial provided LC16m8 pre-exposure prophylaxis to high-risk individuals to assess its efficacy for mpox prevention, safety, and immunogenicity. METHODS: This multicenter, randomized, open-label trial enrolled men and women aged ≥18 years at high risk of mpox. Participants were randomly assigned 1:1 to early- or late-vaccination groups. The primary endpoint was vaccine efficacy (VE) against mpox. Secondary endpoints included VE against severe mpox, symptoms, "take" incidence, a…

Rank100.3
Randomized controlled trial

Efavirenz 400 vs 600 mg combined with lamivudine and tenofovir in treatment-naïve HIV-infected patients in China: A randomized, multi-centered, controlled trial.

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2026 · PMID 42235914

BACKGROUND: Optimizing efavirenz (EFV) dosing to minimize adverse events (AEs) remains a critical issue. Studies indicate that reducing the EFV dose from 600 to 400 mg daily lowers side effect intensity while maintaining virological suppression. We previously showed that 600 mg daily EFV may lead to unnecessarily high exposure in Chinese patients, but the long-term efficacy and safety of dose reduction beyond 48 weeks in this population remain unknown. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, randomized controlled tria…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Integrating Shared Decision-Making Into Breast Cancer Postmastectomy Reconstruction: A Systematic Review of Evidence, Barriers, and Real-World Implementation.

International journal of cancer · 2026 · PMID 42098969

This systematic review synthesizes empirical evidence on the development, effectiveness, patient experience, and implementation of decision aids (DAs) for postmastectomy breast reconstruction (PMBR) and to evaluate the role of pre-consultation educational interventions in supporting shared decision-making (SDM). Following PRISMA guidelines and a preregistered protocol (OSF: https://osf.io/mu9hv), six electronic databases and gray literature sources were searched for studies on PMBR DAs through November 2025. Eligib…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Implementation of therapeutic adherence in adult patients diagnosed with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A systematic review.

Patient education and counseling · 2026 · PMID 42155336

OBJECTIVES: To systematically map and summarize the available knowledge on interventions that promote medication adherence among adult HIV patients and to describe the current state of the art regarding the impact of these interventions on clinical and psychosocial outcomes. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted and two researchers screened eligible studies independently. The Joanna Briggs Institute Quality Appraisal for Randomized Controlled Trials, Cross-Sectional Studies, and Quasi-Experimental Studies were…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Effectiveness of sexual health interventions in reducing risky sexual behaviors among people living with HIV: a network meta-analysis and systematic review.

Frontiers in public health · 2026 · PMID 42683489

INTRODUCTION: Numerous sexual health interventions have been employed to promote safer sexual practices among people living with HIV (PLWH). However, their effectiveness remains uncertain. OBJECTIVES: This review aimed to assess and rank the effectiveness of different sexual health interventions targeting risky sexual behaviors in PLWH. METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, Elsevier, the Web of Science, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library for studies published between January 2010 and June 2025. Randomized contr…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

The role of pictograms in improving patients' medication adherence: a systematic review.

BMC health services research · 2026 · PMID 42374421

BACKGROUND: Poor medication adherence remains a significant public health issue. Although pictograms are established as intuitive visual aids for medication guidance, a current evidence synthesis is lacking, particularly regarding their role in the rapidly advancing digital health landscape. OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the potential effect of pictograms on patients' medication adherence and exploring implications for the digital health era. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Lib…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Efficacy of substances containing 3 types of active ingredients-saponins, flavones, and alkaloids in regulation of cytokines in autoimmune diseases a systematic review and Meta-analysis based on animal studies.

Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan · 2024 · PMID 38767625

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of substances containing 3 types of active ingredients-saponins, flavones, and alkaloids on experimental animals with autoimmune diseases (AIDs). METHODS: The protocol for this systematic review and Meta-analysis was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023395741). Searches were conducted in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, Chinese Science and Technology Journals, China Biomedical, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases to screen for animal…

Rank99.8
Randomized controlled trial

Pitavastatin effects on lipids in relation to major adverse cardiovascular events: a REPRIEVE secondary analysis.

The lancet. HIV · 2026 · PMID 41936375

BACKGROUND: The Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV (REPRIEVE) found a 36% reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) with pitavastatin in people with HIV. Little is known about the relationship between lipid lowering and MACE in this population. We evaluated pitavastatin effects on lipids and examined mediation of pitavastatin effects on MACE through lipid lowering. METHODS: REPRIEVE was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial evaluating pitavastatin (4 mg daily) or…

Rank99.5
Randomized controlled trial

HIV acquisitions, safety, and pharmacokinetics of lenacapavir for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in pregnant and lactating women (PURPOSE 1): a substudy of a phase 3, randomised controlled trial.

The lancet. HIV · 2026 · PMID 42442378

BACKGROUND: Lenacapavir demonstrated high efficacy and safety as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in cisgender women, but its use during pregnancy and lactation when women are disproportionately vulnerable to HIV acquisition has not previously been described. We aimed to evaluate HIV acquisition, safety, and pharmacokinetics of lenacapavir for PrEP in pregnant and lactating women. METHODS: The randomised, double-blind, multicentre, active-controlled, phase 3 PURPOSE 1 study compared twice-yearly subcutaneous lenacap…

Rank99.4
Randomized controlled trial

Efficacy and Safety of Dual Therapy With Dolutegravir/Lamivudine in Treatment-naive Persons With CD4 Counts <200/mm3: 48-Week Results of the DOLCE Study.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026 · PMID 40874763

BACKGROUND: Dolutegravir (DTG)/lamivudine dual therapy (DT) has demonstrated noninferiority to triple therapy (TT) in the GEMINI trials. Although the population with ≤200 CD4 cells/mm3 had a lower response rate, this was unrelated to virological failure. This trial evaluated the antiviral activity of dolutegravir/lamivudine among antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with a CD4 count ≤200 cells/mm3. METHODS: DOLCE is a randomized, hypothesis-based, open-label, multicent…

Rank99.3
Randomized controlled trial

Comparable Inflammatory and Metabolic Outcomes After Switching to Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide Versus Continuing Dolutegravir/Lamivudine in Virologically Suppressed Adults With HIV (INSTINCT/GESIDA10918 Study).

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026 · PMID 41070447

BACKGROUND: Dual antiretroviral therapy (ART) with dolutegravir/lamivudine (DTG/3TC) is widely used in virologically suppressed individuals. However, data remain limited on potential differential effects of ART regimens on mid-term systemic inflammation and metabolic health. We evaluated whether switching from DTG/3TC to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) modifies systemic inflammation or metabolic parameters. METHODS: INSTINCT was a phase IV, multicenter, open-label, randomized trial enr…

Rank99.3
Randomized controlled trial

A 48-Week, Randomized Controlled Trial of Doravirine for Individuals With HIV and Obesity on Integrase Inhibitors and Tenofovir Alafenamide: The Do IT Study (ACTG A5391).

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026 · PMID 41847923

BACKGROUND: Integrase inhibitors (INSTI) and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) have been associated with greater weight gain compared to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), but the effects of an antiretroviral regimen switch on weight are unclear. METHODS: This 48-week, 3-parallel group, open-label, multicenter, randomized controlled trial (NCT04636437) in people with HIV and obesity on an INSTI (bictegravir, dolutegravir, or raltegravir) with TAF/emtricitabine…

Safety And Adverse Effects98 records
Rank107.9
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Lenacapavir as pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026 · PMID 41919720

RATIONALE: Globally, there are 1.3 million new HIV infections annually, with a disproportionate burden on young women and girls, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (63% of new infections). Despite the demonstrated effectiveness of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), global uptake remains low, reaching only 16.5% of the UNAIDS 2025 target. PrEP adherence is suboptimal in vulnerable populations. There is an urgent need to develop and implement alternative, user-friendly PrEP strategies like long-acting formulations that m…

Rank107.1
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Efficacy and safety of doravirine/islatravir for HIV-1: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

HIV research & clinical practice · 2026 · PMID 42400399

BACKGROUND: The combination of doravirine and islatravir (DOR/ISL) is a novel two-drug regimen for HIV-1. Early development faced challenges due to dose-dependent immunological signals. We aimed to synthesize the evidence on the efficacy and safety of DOR/ISL across all treatment-experience categories, specifically evaluating the impact of islatravir dosage (0.25 mg vs 0.75 mg) on clinical and immunological outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) …

Rank106.7
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Hearing aids for mild to moderate hearing loss in adults.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026 · PMID 42644645

RATIONALE: This is an update of an existing review. The main clinical intervention for mild to moderate hearing loss is the provision of hearing aids, which amplify speech in addition to environmental sounds. Hearing aids are routinely offered and fitted to those who seek help for hearing difficulties. Since the previous 2017 review, further randomised-controlled trials (RCTs) have been published. This review updates the certainty of the evidence and assesses two additional outcomes: mental health and cognition. OB…

Rank105.9
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Multimodal interventions for cachexia management.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025 · PMID 40130780

BACKGROUND: Cachexia (disease-related wasting) is a complex metabolic syndrome which occurs in people with chronic illnesses, including cancer, HIV/AIDS, kidney disease, heart disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). People with cachexia experience unintentional weight loss, muscle loss, fatigue, loss of appetite, and reduced quality of life. Multimodal interventions which work synergistically to treat the syndrome could lead to benefits. OBJECTIVES: To assess the benefits and harms of multimodal …

Rank103.6
Systematic review or meta-analysisResult signal: harm

Anal High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions in People Living with HIV: A Systematic Review of Treatment Outcomes.

Cancers · 2026 · PMID 42649891

Background/Objectives: People living with HIV (PLWH) are at substantially increased risk of anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), a recognized precursor of anal cancer. Although the ANCHOR trial demonstrated that treatment reduces progression to invasive disease, important uncertainties remain regarding durability of response, recurrence patterns, and treatment-related toxicity across available therapeutic strategies. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of studies evaluating treatment outco…

Rank103.1
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Conversation aids with absolute estimates and certainty of evidence to elicit people's perspectives on reducing saturated fat intake: a cross‑sectional regional survey in 7 countries.

Polish archives of internal medicine · 2026 · PMID 42138458

INTRODUCTION: Patients are increasingly recognized as key interest holders in health care decision‑making. Integrating patient perspective is crucial to patient‑centered, evidence‑based nutrition guideline recommendations. OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to examine individual willingness to decrease consumption of foods high in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) after being informed about the estimated absolute risk reduction (ARR) of myocardial infarction (MI), together with the certainty of the supporting evidence based on a C…

Rank100.7
Randomized controlled trial

Alcohol consumption and oral human papillomavirus infection among men living with HIV: a cross-sectional study from the ULACNet 201 trial.

Scientific reports · 2026 · PMID 42215629

Alcohol consumption is recognized as a risk factor for oropharyngeal cancer. However, its role in oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among people living with HIV (PLWH) remains unclear. This cross-sectional study analyzed baseline data from 699 men living with HIV (MLWH) enrolled in the multicenter ULACNet-201 trial (NCT04255849) to assess oral HPV infection by drinking behavior, examine the association between alcohol consumption and HPV infection, exploring smoking as a potential effect modifier. Oral garg…

Rank100.3
Randomized controlled trial

Efavirenz 400 vs 600 mg combined with lamivudine and tenofovir in treatment-naïve HIV-infected patients in China: A randomized, multi-centered, controlled trial.

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2026 · PMID 42235914

BACKGROUND: Optimizing efavirenz (EFV) dosing to minimize adverse events (AEs) remains a critical issue. Studies indicate that reducing the EFV dose from 600 to 400 mg daily lowers side effect intensity while maintaining virological suppression. We previously showed that 600 mg daily EFV may lead to unnecessarily high exposure in Chinese patients, but the long-term efficacy and safety of dose reduction beyond 48 weeks in this population remain unknown. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, randomized controlled tria…

Rank99.5
Randomized controlled trial

HIV acquisitions, safety, and pharmacokinetics of lenacapavir for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in pregnant and lactating women (PURPOSE 1): a substudy of a phase 3, randomised controlled trial.

The lancet. HIV · 2026 · PMID 42442378

BACKGROUND: Lenacapavir demonstrated high efficacy and safety as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in cisgender women, but its use during pregnancy and lactation when women are disproportionately vulnerable to HIV acquisition has not previously been described. We aimed to evaluate HIV acquisition, safety, and pharmacokinetics of lenacapavir for PrEP in pregnant and lactating women. METHODS: The randomised, double-blind, multicentre, active-controlled, phase 3 PURPOSE 1 study compared twice-yearly subcutaneous lenacap…

Rank99.4
Randomized controlled trial

Efficacy and Safety of Dual Therapy With Dolutegravir/Lamivudine in Treatment-naive Persons With CD4 Counts <200/mm3: 48-Week Results of the DOLCE Study.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026 · PMID 40874763

BACKGROUND: Dolutegravir (DTG)/lamivudine dual therapy (DT) has demonstrated noninferiority to triple therapy (TT) in the GEMINI trials. Although the population with ≤200 CD4 cells/mm3 had a lower response rate, this was unrelated to virological failure. This trial evaluated the antiviral activity of dolutegravir/lamivudine among antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with a CD4 count ≤200 cells/mm3. METHODS: DOLCE is a randomized, hypothesis-based, open-label, multicent…

Rank99.3
Randomized controlled trial

Comparable Inflammatory and Metabolic Outcomes After Switching to Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide Versus Continuing Dolutegravir/Lamivudine in Virologically Suppressed Adults With HIV (INSTINCT/GESIDA10918 Study).

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026 · PMID 41070447

BACKGROUND: Dual antiretroviral therapy (ART) with dolutegravir/lamivudine (DTG/3TC) is widely used in virologically suppressed individuals. However, data remain limited on potential differential effects of ART regimens on mid-term systemic inflammation and metabolic health. We evaluated whether switching from DTG/3TC to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) modifies systemic inflammation or metabolic parameters. METHODS: INSTINCT was a phase IV, multicenter, open-label, randomized trial enr…

Rank97.7
Randomized controlled trial

Switch to once-weekly, single-tablet islatravir-lenacapavir from daily standard of care for HIV-1 (ISLEND-2): a multicentre, randomised, open-label, active-controlled, phase 3 non-inferiority trial.

Lancet (London, England) · 2026 · PMID 42586113

BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapies with long dosing intervals have the potential to improve virological outcomes and treatment satisfaction for people with HIV-1. We report the primary endpoint results from week 48 of ISLEND-2, a phase 3 trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of switching to once-weekly oral islatravir-lenacapavir from daily oral standard of care in virologically suppressed adults with HIV-1. METHODS: This randomised, open-label, active-controlled, phase 3 non-inferiority trial was conducted at…

Rank97.6
Randomized controlled trial

Doravirine/Islatravir (100/0.75 mg) Once-Daily Compared With Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide as Initial HIV-1 Treatment: 48-Week Results From a Phase 3, Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind, Noninferiority Trial.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025 · PMID 40079835

BACKGROUND: Doravirine/islatravir is an investigational regimen that is being studied for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) treatment. METHODS: In this phase 3, double-blind, double-dummy trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04233879), previously untreated adults with HIV-1 were randomized (1:1) and stratified by HIV-1 RNA (≤/>100 000 copies/mL) and CD4 count (</≥200 cells/µL) to doravirine/islatravir (100/0.75 mg) or bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (50/200/25 mg) orally once-daily (primary endpoi…

Rank97.5
Randomized controlled trial

Effectiveness of interventions to promote couples-based HIV testing and family health during pregnancy and postpartum in Kenya: a multicentre, couples-based, randomised controlled trial.

The lancet. HIV · 2026 · PMID 42372779

BACKGROUND: Engaging couples during pregnancy can improve HIV prevention and family health. We examined the effectiveness of two couples-focused interventions on uptake of couples HIV testing and counselling (CHTC) and maternal and child health outcomes. METHODS: In this multicentre, couples-based, randomised controlled trial, HIV status-concordant and HIV status-discordant pregnant couples (aged ≥15 years) from 24 antenatal clinics across Migori and Kisumu counties in Kenya were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to one of…

Rank96.0
Randomized controlled trial

Effectiveness of Electrocautery, Topical Cidofovir, and Topical Sinecatechins for the Treatment of Anal High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions in Persons With HIV: An Open-Label, Randomized Controlled Trial.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025 · PMID 40036375

BACKGROUND: Doubts remain about the best treatment for managing premalignant lesions (high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions [HSIL]) associated with anal cancer. METHODS: The TREATAIN trial was an open-label, randomized study conducted at Hospital Vall d'Hebron (Spain). Persons with human immunodeficiency virus and anal HSIL were randomly assigned 1:1:1 to receive treatment with electrocautery, topical cidofovir 1% ointment, or topical sinecatechins 10%. The primary outcome was histological resolution of HSIL.…

Rank95.1
Randomized controlled trial

Pathways of onward HIV disclosure in relationships among young people living with vertically acquired HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy: A qualitative analysis from the BREATHER Plus trial, South Africa.

Global public health · 2026 · PMID 42623024

For young people living with HIV (YPLHIV) navigating their status since birth, managing onward disclosure of a potentially stigmatising condition in relationships is challenging, and may or may not lead to social support, with implications for wellbeing. In a clinical trial setting in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, we investigate how young people living with vertically acquired HIV navigate onward disclosure. Data were from the qualitative component of the BREATHER Plus randomised controlled trial evaluating the effi…

Rank92.0
Randomized controlled trialResult signal: harm

Randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial evaluating safety, immunogenicity, and reactogenicity of RSVPreF3-Mat in high-risk pregnant women and their infants.

Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026 · PMID 41766205

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes respiratory illness among infants; maternal vaccination confers passive protection through placental antibody transfer. This phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled trial evaluated safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of RSV prefusion protein F3 maternal vaccine (RSVPreF3-Mat), administered at 240/7 to 360/7 weeks of gestation to high-risk pregnant women (women with obstetric complications and/or human immunodeficiency virus infection or in pregnant adolescents), and t…

Rank92.0
Randomized controlled trial

Effect of sodium bicarbonate on performance and markers of kidney and gastrointestinal injury during repeated sprints in the heat.

European journal of applied physiology · 2026 · PMID 42133056

PURPOSE: We tested the hypotheses that sodium bicarbonate (SB) supplementation improves performance, reduces markers of acute kidney injury (AKI) risk, and increases markers of acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI) during repeated sprints in the heat. METHODS: Using a double-blind design, 10 recreationally endurance-trained participants ingested 0.2 g/kg of body weight of SB or placebo before cycling in the heat (dry-bulb: 40 °C, relative humidity: 20%). Exercise bouts included a 22-min warm-up, then 4-sets of 5 × 6-…

Rank85.0
Randomized clinical study

Emergent HIV-1 Drug Resistance in Randomized Trials of Contemporary Antiretroviral Regimens.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026 · PMID 40985680

The occurrence of virological failure in a subset of individuals is an inevitable aspect of antiretroviral treatment, and historically has been primarily influenced by suboptimal adherence to oral therapies. The risk of selecting 1- or 2-class human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug resistance is influenced by the composition of the regimen, differing significantly depending on the intrinsic barrier to resistance of the regimen. HIV resistance emergence during treatment can be viewed as a regimen-related adverse ef…

Rank80.4
Phase II clinical trial

Evaluating the Use of Lower Dose Flucytosine for the Treatment of Cryptococcal Meningitis: A Clinical Trial.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026 · PMID 40795226

BACKGROUND: Cryptococcosis is a leading cause of death among people with human immunodeficeincy virus (HIV). Guidelines recommend combination therapy with amphotericin B and flucytosine, but standard flucytosine dosing of 100 mg/kg/day is associated with hematologic toxicity. The FLOOR trial investigated whether lower flucytosine dosing maintained therapeutic efficacy and reduced toxicity. METHODS: This phase 2, single-arm, open-label trial enrolled 48 adults with HIV and confirmed cryptococcal meningitis at 2 hosp…

Rank79.5
Multicenter clinical studyResult signal: null

Renal outcomes with dolutegravir plus lamivudine versus bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in ART-naive adults with HIV.

AIDS (London, England) · 2026 · PMID 42084114

OBJECTIVE: Dolutegravir plus lamivudine (DTG + 3TC) and bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) are guideline-recommended first-line regimens for people with HIV (PWH), but their comparative renal safety remains unclear. We aimed to compare kidney outcomes between these regimens in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive PWH, stratified by baseline renal function. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, prospective cohort study in China (2018-2025) enrolling 2655 ART-naive PWH initiating DTG + 3TC ( n…

Rank77.0
Phase II clinical trial

Phase 2 Trial of Long-Acting Cabotegravir and VRC07-523LS for Viral Suppression in Adults With HIV-1: ACTG A5357.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026 · PMID 40663628

BACKGROUND: Long-acting regimens are needed to expand antiretroviral therapy (ART) options for people with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Combining broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) with long-acting small-molecule antiretrovirals may offer an alternative to daily oral therapy. METHODS: We conducted a phase 2, open-label, single-arm trial at AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) sites across the United States. Eligible adults had HIV-1 virologically suppressed on ART for ≥2 years, CD4 count ≥350 cell…

Rank76.8
Multicenter clinical study

'Leaving no stones unturned': up to 10 years results on the effectiveness, tolerability and metabolic safety of dolutegravir+lamivudine (DTG+3TC) as a switch regimen in the ODOACRE cohort.

The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2026 · PMID 42136197

BACKGROUND: Dolutegravir plus lamivudine (DTG+3TC) is widely used as a two-drug switch regimen for virologically suppressed PWH. We report long-term real-world data on effectiveness, tolerability, immunological recovery and metabolic/cardiovascular outcomes in a large, multicentre Italian cohort. METHODS: We performed a retrospective observational analysis of participants in the ODOACRE cohort who switched to DTG+3TC between January 2015 and January 2025 across eight Italian centres. Inclusion criteria were age ≥18…

Rank76.4
Multicenter clinical study

Associations Between Sustained Methamphetamine/Amphetamine Use and Left Ventricular Dysfunction in a Cohort of Women Living With and Without HIV.

Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026 · PMID 41744114

BACKGROUND: Substance use is associated with cardiac disease, and women with HIV have a disproportionately high prevalence of substance use. However, the extent to which ongoing use of multiple substances relates to specific cardiovascular conditions in women with HIV and sociodemographically similar women without HIV ("at risk for HIV") remains understudied. METHODS: We measured left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) and diastolic dysfunction (LVDD), conditions that precede clinical heart failure, among 1651…

Rank76.0
Multicenter clinical study

Clinical course and virologic dynamics of Mpox during tecovirimat treatment: Prospective multicenter case series in Japan.

Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy · 2026 · PMID 42521123

INTRODUCTION: At the time of this study, no approved treatment for mpox was available in Japan, and data on the clinical course and virological changes during tecovirimat treatment were limited. METHODS: We conducted a prospective multicenter observational case series of patients with PCR-confirmed mpox between June 28, 2022, and March 31, 2025, to describe the clinical course and safety of a 14-day course of tecovirimat. Participants could choose treatment or no treatment. RESULTS: All 31 participants received tec…

Treatments That Failed Clinical Trials60 records
Rank101.3
Randomized controlled trialResult signal: harm

Adenovirus type 5 vector-based COVID-19 vaccine does not increase the likelihood of HIV infection.

Vaccine · 2026 · PMID 41785679

BACKGROUND: There is a concern about the potential increased risk of acquiring HIV infection after vaccination with adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) vector-based vaccines. We aimed to investigate whether Ad5-nCoV increases the risk of HIV infection. METHODS: Between September 2020 and March 2021, a Phase 3 clinical trial was executed to evaluate the efficacy of Ad5-nCoV. This trial, employing a double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled design, enrolled 44,247 participants from 66 clinical sites spanning Argentina, Ch…

Rank101.2
Randomized controlled trial

A Randomized Trial to Compare Dolutegravir Plus Boosted Darunavir Versus Recommended Standard of Care Antiretroviral Regimens in People With HIV-1, Whose First-line Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Therapy Has Failed: Final 96-week Results of the D2EFT Study.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026 · PMID 40577173

BACKGROUND: Longer-term outcome data following second-line antiretroviral therapy initiation in resource-limited settings is limited, especially in regions where genotypic resistance is inaccessible. This analysis evaluated extended efficacy and tolerability data from the D2EFT study. METHODS: D2EFT is a completed, multicenter, phase IIIB/IV, randomized, open-label trial in 14 low- and middle-income countries. People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who had failed first-line non-nucleoside reverse transcript…

Rank100.7
Randomized controlled trialResult signal: null

Comparison of the Hearing Benefits and User Satisfaction With Hearing Aids and Personal Sound Amplification Products: A Multicenter Prospective Randomized Crossover Trial.

Journal of Korean medical science · 2026 · PMID 42011002

BACKGROUND: While hearing aids (HAs) remain the primary intervention for hearing loss, their high cost creates barriers to access. Personal sound amplification products (PSAPs) are a more affordable alternative, but few studies have compared their efficacy to those of HAs. This multicenter, prospective, randomized, crossover trial was conducted to compare audiologic performance and user satisfaction between HAs and PSAPs to evaluate PSAP potential as alternatives for hearing rehabilitation. METHODS: A total of 73 p…

Rank100.6
Randomized controlled trialResult signal: benefit

Fluconazole plus flucytosine versus fluconazole alone for adults with HIV-associated cryptococcal antigenaemia identified through screening: a multi-centre phase III randomised-controlled trial.

Trials · 2026 · PMID 41877274

BACKGROUND: Despite the expansion of antiretroviral treatment programmes, the incidence and mortality of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis remain high in Africa. Cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) in the blood precedes meningitis. CrAg screening of individuals with advanced HIV disease, combined with pre-emptive fluconazole treatment, reduces the risk of cryptococcal meningitis and associated mortality. However, mortality among individuals with antigenaemia treated with fluconazole is higher than that of CD4-matched …

Rank100.5
Randomized controlled trial

LC16m8 for Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Against Mpox in a High-Risk Population: An Open-Label Randomized Trial.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026 · PMID 39982831

BACKGROUND: This randomized controlled trial provided LC16m8 pre-exposure prophylaxis to high-risk individuals to assess its efficacy for mpox prevention, safety, and immunogenicity. METHODS: This multicenter, randomized, open-label trial enrolled men and women aged ≥18 years at high risk of mpox. Participants were randomly assigned 1:1 to early- or late-vaccination groups. The primary endpoint was vaccine efficacy (VE) against mpox. Secondary endpoints included VE against severe mpox, symptoms, "take" incidence, a…

Rank99.3
Randomized controlled trial

Comparable Inflammatory and Metabolic Outcomes After Switching to Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide Versus Continuing Dolutegravir/Lamivudine in Virologically Suppressed Adults With HIV (INSTINCT/GESIDA10918 Study).

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026 · PMID 41070447

BACKGROUND: Dual antiretroviral therapy (ART) with dolutegravir/lamivudine (DTG/3TC) is widely used in virologically suppressed individuals. However, data remain limited on potential differential effects of ART regimens on mid-term systemic inflammation and metabolic health. We evaluated whether switching from DTG/3TC to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) modifies systemic inflammation or metabolic parameters. METHODS: INSTINCT was a phase IV, multicenter, open-label, randomized trial enr…

Rank99.3
Randomized controlled trialResult signal: null

Efficacy and safety of the Chinese herbal medicine Yiaikang capsule in treating AIDS: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.

Journal of ethnopharmacology · 2026 · PMID 41967778

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The Shuyu pill is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, used to treat Xu Lao for over 1800 years. Studies have reported the effectiveness of Yiaikang capsules (YAK), a modified form of Shuyu pills, in AIDS treatment. However, clinical evidence for the management of AIDS using YAK is lacking. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of YAK combined with antiretroviral therapy (ART) among people living with HIV infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a randomized, do…

Rank99.0
Randomized controlled trial

Promoting shared decision-making in colorectal cancer screening in primary care: A cluster randomized controlled trial.

PloS one · 2026 · PMID 42263092

INTRODUCTION: In Switzerland, primary care physicians (PCP) prescribe colonoscopy for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rather than offering a choice between colonoscopy and faecal occult blood test (FOBT). This study evaluated a training program promoting shared decision-making for CRC screening. METHODS: PCP from a research network were randomized 1:1 into intervention or control. The intervention group received study materials, patient decision aids, evidence summary, FOBT sample kit, and personalized feedback o…

Rank98.6
Randomized controlled trialResult signal: null

Early antiretroviral therapy and long-term cancer risk in HIV: 9-year outcomes from the START randomized trial.

BMC cancer · 2026 · PMID 42251304

BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces cancer risk in people with HIV (PWH) but the long-term impact of immediate ART initiation on infection-related and infection-unrelated cancers remains unclear. METHODS: In the Strategic Timing of Antiretroviral Treatment (START) trial, 4684 ART-naïve adult PWH with CD4 + T-cell count above 500 cells/mm3 were randomized to immediate or deferred ART initiation arms (i.e., until CD4 + T-cells below 350 cells/mm3). In May 2015, unblinding revealed a 74% reduction in infe…

Rank98.4
Randomized controlled trial

HIV Care Retention and Cost Analysis in Multi-Month ART Dispensing: A Randomized Controlled Trial in China.

Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026 · PMID 42339560

INTRODUCTION: Multi-month dispensing (MMD), as a differentiated service delivery model, can reduce the frequency of clinic visits, waiting time and travel costs for clinically stable people living with HIV. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of 6-month MMD of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on retention and conduct a cost analysis in China. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, non-blind, non-inferiority study from December 2022 to March 2023 at The First Hospital of China Medical University. Eligible participants …

Rank98.2
Randomized controlled trial

Baseline determinants of adherence for drug-sensitive TB treatment in a South African prospective cohort: a focus on HIV infection and anti-retroviral therapy, clinical care access, and TB stigma.

BMC infectious diseases · 2026 · PMID 41501688

BACKGROUND: Inadequate adherence to tuberculosis (TB) treatment increases the risk of treatment failure and recurrence. Identifying factors contributing to poor adherence could refine targeting strategies and optimize resource distribution. We examined specific individual-level factors for TB treatment adherence among adults with drug-sensitive TB, including HIV status, antiretroviral therapy, time to access clinical care, and perceived stigma. METHODS: Data are from the “TB Mate” cluster-randomized trial, which ev…

Rank97.8
Randomized controlled trialResult signal: null

Weight gain, body composition, and metabolic parameters of dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy versus standard of care in children and adolescents: an ancillary analysis of the ODYSSEY trial.

The Lancet. Child & adolescent health · 2026 · PMID 41579881

BACKGROUND: ODYSSEY trial showed superior efficacy of dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) versus then-current, non-dolutegravir standard of care over 96 weeks in children and adolescents living with HIV. The aim of this ancillary analysis was to compare anthropometric and body composition outcomes, including weight, height, BMI-for-age Z score, weight-for-age and height-for-age Z scores (<14 kg), mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC), waist circumference, hip circumference, and body fat percentage, as well…

Rank97.7
Randomized controlled trialResult signal: null

Effectiveness of behavioural tobacco cessation interventions with and without pharmacotherapy among people living with HIV in Viet Nam: a three-arm pragmatic randomised controlled trial.

The Lancet. Global health · 2026 · PMID 41713442

BACKGROUND: People living with HIV are two to three times more likely to smoke than the general population, resulting in higher risk for tobacco-related morbidity and mortality. Despite this growing burden of disease, there is little evidence for the long-term effectiveness of tobacco cessation interventions among people living with HIV, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of three tobacco cessation interventions among people living with HIV. METHODS: We con…

Rank97.7
Randomized controlled trial

Genotype distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) types in oral gargle specimens among men living with HIV in Mexico, Brazil, and Puerto Rico: A cross-sectional study.

The Journal of infection · 2026 · PMID 42070588

OBJECTIVES: Assess the distribution of oral HPV genotypes and examine their associations with age and HIV-related factors among men living with HIV. METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed baseline data from a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled Phase III trial ('ULACNet-201'; NCT04255849) assessing the 9vHPV vaccine's efficacy in PLWH. Participants included men aged 20-50 years from Brazil, Mexico, and Puerto Rico, on antiretroviral therapy for ≥6 months. Oral HPV genotypes were assessed using the …

Rank97.6
Randomized controlled trialResult signal: harm

Oral preexposure prophylaxis use and the risk of bacterial sexually transmitted infections and HIV among African women: A prospective observational cohort study.

PLoS medicine · 2026 · PMID 41802176

BACKGROUND: Oral preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) effectively reduces HIV incidence when used with sufficient adherence, but does not protect against bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Several studies have documented high rates of bacterial STIs among individuals initiating and using PrEP. We evaluated the association between PrEP use and the risk of STI among African women accessing family planning clinics. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We conducted a prospective cohort study nested within a large pragmatic s…

Rank97.6
Randomized controlled trial

A Community Located Insurance Navigation Intervention to Link Sexual and Gender Minorities in Status Neutral Care: Results From the Navigating Insurance Coverage Expansion Randomized Controlled Trial.

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2026 · PMID 41181883

BACKGROUND: Black and Hispanic/Latino sexual gender minorities are disproportionately affected by HIV. Structural determinants of health, such as health insurance coverage, drive care engagement and improve HIV care outcomes. METHODS: Black and Hispanic/Latino sexual gender minorities and transgender persons ≥18 years of age, living in Chicago, IL, were enrolled and randomized to receive health insurance navigation (intervention) or standard of care. Primary and secondary outcomes were analyzed using 2-way continge…

Rank97.4
Randomized controlled trial

Men's willingness to receive text messages and speak with an HIV counselor via the National HIV Hotline following HIV self-testing in Tanzania; a baseline cross- sectional analysis from a cluster -randomized controlled trial.

BMC public health · 2026 · PMID 41998582

BACKGROUND: Tanzania faces a significant burden of HIV, with challenges in reaching men and ensuring timely linkage to care. To address these issues, HIV self-testing (HIVST) has been implemented to increase HIV testing, and the National HIV Hotlines are being considered as a strategy to facilitate linkage to care. This study aimed to assess the willingness of Tanzanian men to receive support from use the National HIV Hotline via mobile phones for HIVST and linkage to care. This is the baseline cross-sectional anal…

Rank97.2
Randomized controlled trialResult signal: null

Repeat Behavioral Counseling, With and Without Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy, for Smoking Cessation Among People With HIV in South Africa.

AIDS and behavior · 2026 · PMID 41689618

Repeating an intervention strategy consistent with the chronic disease care model has been demonstrated to be efficacious in improving cessation outcomes among smokers. However, evidence is lacking for repeat treatment outcomes among people with HIV (PWH) who smoke in low-resource settings. We evaluated outcomes among participants (n = 384) who were provided a second round of treatment after initial treatment failure in a randomized controlled trial of behavioral counseling (BC) with or without combination nicotine…

Rank97.2
Randomized controlled trialResult signal: null

Frailty phenotype transitions and functional improvements during a supervised exercise trial in older people with HIV: results from the HEALTH Trial.

Age and ageing · 2026 · PMID 42407092

BACKGROUND: Frailty and sarcopenia contribute to functional decline in older people with HIV (PWH), yet intervention data remain limited. We evaluated changes in frailty phenotype status, sarcopenia-related outcomes and functional performance during a supervised exercise trial and assessed associations between baseline frailty, study withdrawal and intervention response. METHODS: The High-Intensity Exercise to Attenuate Limitations and Train Habits in Older Adults with HIV (HEALTH) study randomised sedentary PWH ag…

Rank97.2
Randomized controlled trial

Effects of an agricultural intervention on psychosocial health among pregnant and nonpregnant women with HIV in Kenya.

AIDS (London, England) · 2026 · PMID 41467698

OBJECTIVES: We examined whether effects of an agricultural livelihood intervention on food insecurity and psychosocial outcomes remained robust in pregnant compared to nonpregnant women living with HIV, and whether potentially negative associations between pregnancy and these outcomes were alleviated by the intervention. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of the Shamba Maisha cluster-randomized controlled trial ( N = 396 women; NCT02815579). The intervention included agribusiness training and supplies. METHODS: Food insecu…

Rank97.1
Randomized controlled trial

The Factorial Structure, Reliability, and Validity of a Coping Measure Among Women with HIV and Sexual Trauma in Cape Town, South Africa.

AIDS and behavior · 2026 · PMID 40983787

The dual epidemics of HIV and sexual violence against women complicate HIV care engagement in South Africa. In settings with limited mental health treatment, robust measures to enhance screening and intervention for mental health specific to people with HIV are needed. The current study developed a 42-item assessment for coping with HIV and trauma in isiXhosa. In a randomized controlled trial, 350 participants completed measures of coping, anxiety, traumatic stress, and depression at their baseline assessments. Par…

Rank96.9
Randomized controlled trial

Mediation Effects of Biobehavioral Factors in a Trial of Pharmacotherapy and Intensive Cessation Counseling for People with HIV Who Smoke Cigarettes in Nairobi, Kenya.

AIDS and behavior · 2026 · PMID 41369963

There is growing recognition of the important health risks of tobacco use in people with HIV (PWH). Multiple randomized controlled trials have tested cessation treatments in this population, but little is known about factors that mediate successful quitting. We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled 2 × 2 factorial design trial of a behavioral intervention (Positively Smoke Free [PSF] one-on-one counseling) vs. brief advice to quit ± bupropion vs. placebo in PWH who smoked cigarettes in Nairobi, Kenya. Abstinen…

Rank96.6
Randomized controlled trial

Adapted Motivational Interviewing Reduces Substance Use and Sexual Risk Taking Among Partnered Sexual Minority Men Aged 18-35 Years: Results of the PARTNER Study.

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2026 · PMID 41343494

BACKGROUND: The development of interventions addressing drug use and sexual HIV infection risk for emerging adult sexual minority men in primary relationships is a public health priority. This study evaluated the efficacy of PARTNER, a 4-session motivational interviewing intervention, to reduce cannabis and illicit drug use, increase preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake, and reduce HIV infection risk. SETTING: Staff at Hunter College in New York City, NY, administered study procedures between January 2018 and Febr…

Rank96.6
Randomized controlled trial

Same-day initiation of tenofovir alafenamide-based pre-exposure prophylaxis with drug-level feedback for transgender women in Uganda.

AIDS (London, England) · 2026 · PMID 42657610

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of same-day initiation of emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (F/TAF) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and test the impact of drug-level feedback on PrEP adherence among transgender women (TGW) in Uganda. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. METHODS: HIV-negative TGW were randomly assigned 1 : 1 to intervention (drug-level feedback with tailored adherence counseling) or standard-of-care (SOC), and followed quarterly for 12 months (November 2021-July 2023; NCT0…

Rank96.6
Randomized controlled trial

An integrated HIV and chronic disease intervention to reduce HIV infection risk among older men who have sex with men in China: a randomized controlled trial.

BMC public health · 2026 · PMID 42021278

INTRODUCTION: Population ageing has altered the health profile of men who have sex with men (MSM) in China, with older MSM experiencing overlapping challenges related to sexual health risks, chronic diseases, and stigma-related barriers to care. Conventional HIV interventions often fail to address these age-specific health priorities. This study evaluated an integrated HIV and chronic disease intervention, informed by the Health Belief Model (HBM), to examine its impact on HIV infection risk among older MSM. METHOD…

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Research information notice

Alexandria organizes PubMed-indexed literature. PubMed inclusion does not establish accuracy, endorsement, clinical applicability, or treatment suitability. Automated extraction can contain errors or omissions. This page is not medical advice.