Alexandria Medical Evidence Library
Library/Viral infections/HIV Infection

Viral infections evidence library

HIV Infection

A living PubMed evidence library for HIV prevention, antiretroviral therapy, long-acting treatment, resistance, comorbidities, and cure research.

PubMed only Research ranked Conflicts shown Data downloadable

Living evidence synopsis

What the current PubMed collection shows.

Alexandria currently organizes 817 non-retracted PubMed-indexed records for HIV Infection. The structured collection includes 7 guideline or consensus records, 98 evidence syntheses/systematic reviews/meta-analyses, and 119 randomized or phase III studies. 309 records were identified by the configured last-24-month search. Conflict-of-interest statements are available in the PubMed record for 624 of 817 included records.

Engine 0.3.2 Snapshot v6 Updated 2026-08-31 Download source data · CSV
PubMed records817Non-retracted records included
Last 24 months309Records found by the recent-research search
High-priority evidence217Syntheses, reviews, randomized and phase III studies
Effect estimates199Machine-readable values extracted from abstracts
COI statements76.4%Coverage within PubMed records
Funding records271PMIDs with grant/funding metadata
Evidence data

Research landscape

Charts are generated from Alexandria’s structured PubMed records, not copied from journal figures.

Publication activity

Records by publication year

Latest 12 represented years
1
2002
1
2017
1
2018
1
2019
1
2020
10
2021
15
2022
11
2023
10
2024
25
2025
741
2026
Evidence composition

Study designs

Other or unclassified416
Randomized trials116
Preclinical/laboratory61
Meta-analyses59
Systematic reviews39
Cohort studies31
Prospective cohorts31
Case reports23
Observational studies22
Clinical guidelines7
Transparency

Conflict-of-interest reporting

Reported no conflicts299
COI statement present251
Not reported in PubMed record193
Declared financial/industry relationship74

Absence of a conflict-of-interest statement in PubMed does not establish that no conflict existed.

Abstract result signals

Extracted result direction

Not extractable from abstract738
Neutral/null signal33
Harm signal32
Supportive signal10
Mixed signal4
Reported outcomes

Numerical results extracted from PubMed abstracts

Each value remains attached to its original PMID. Alexandria does not pool these results or imply that unlike populations and endpoints are directly comparable.

Non-pooled ratio measures

Hazard, risk, and odds ratios reported in abstracts

Reference = 1.0
0.250.51.02.04.0
not_reported Odds Ratio · PMID 41501688 · 2026
1.68
not_reported Odds Ratio · PMID 41558587 · 2026
12.00
not_reported Hazard Ratio · PMID 42035811 · 2026
1.35 95% CI 1.23–1.48
not_reported Hazard Ratio · PMID 42035811 · 2026
1.64 95% CI 1.42–1.89
not_reported Hazard Ratio · PMID 42035811 · 2026
1.48 95% CI 1.22–1.79
not_reported Hazard Ratio · PMID 42035811 · 2026
1.34 95% CI 1.22–1.48
mortality Odds Ratio · PMID 42044607 · 2026
2.43 95% CI 1.24–4.76
not_reported Hazard Ratio · PMID 42160032 · 2026
1.57 95% CI 0.92–2.68
not_reported Hazard Ratio · PMID 42160032 · 2026
3.24 95% CI 1.11–9.55
not_reported Odds Ratio · PMID 41795223 · 2026
2.40
not_reported Odds Ratio · PMID 42034071 · 2026
1.65 95% CI 1.39–1.95
not_reported Odds Ratio · PMID 41983677 · 2026
5.00
not_reported Risk Ratio · PMID 41983677 · 2026
0.55
not_reported Risk Ratio · PMID 41983677 · 2026
0.75
View extracted numerical results 60
PublicationOutcomeMeasureReported valueSource
Baseline determinants of adherence for drug-sensitive TB treatment in a South African prospective cohort: a focus on HIV infection and anti-retroviral therapy, clinical care access, and TB stigma.BMC infectious diseases · 2026 not_reported Odds Ratio 1.68 PMID 41501688
Assessing the impact of nicotinic partial agonists compared to NRT on opioid and cigarette use: A secondary analysis investigating treatment outcomes for co-occurring nicotine and opioid use.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2026 not_reported Odds Ratio 12.0 PMID 41558587
Syphilis infection and incident dementia in two real-world cohorts: A harmonized propensity-matched analysis in Taiwan NHIRD and TriNetX Asia-Pacific.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026 not_reported Hazard Ratio 1.35 95% CI 1.23–1.48 PMID 42035811
Syphilis infection and incident dementia in two real-world cohorts: A harmonized propensity-matched analysis in Taiwan NHIRD and TriNetX Asia-Pacific.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026 not_reported Hazard Ratio 1.64 95% CI 1.42–1.89 PMID 42035811
Syphilis infection and incident dementia in two real-world cohorts: A harmonized propensity-matched analysis in Taiwan NHIRD and TriNetX Asia-Pacific.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026 not_reported Hazard Ratio 1.48 95% CI 1.22–1.79 PMID 42035811
Syphilis infection and incident dementia in two real-world cohorts: A harmonized propensity-matched analysis in Taiwan NHIRD and TriNetX Asia-Pacific.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026 not_reported Hazard Ratio 1.34 95% CI 1.22–1.48 PMID 42035811
Prevalence of HIV-associated histoplasmosis in the Guiana Shield: A prospective study.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2026 mortality Percentage Comparison 17.5percent vs 8.4percent PMID 42162706
Using inability to walk to predict in-hospital mortality in a high-income country - A comparison with the National Early Warning Score in a multicenter prospective cohort.Journal of critical care · 2026 not_reported Percentage Comparison 86.9percent vs 66.7percent PMID 42044607
Using inability to walk to predict in-hospital mortality in a high-income country - A comparison with the National Early Warning Score in a multicenter prospective cohort.Journal of critical care · 2026 not_reported Percentage Comparison 41.4percent vs 79.8percent PMID 42044607
Using inability to walk to predict in-hospital mortality in a high-income country - A comparison with the National Early Warning Score in a multicenter prospective cohort.Journal of critical care · 2026 not_reported Percentage Comparison 98.5percent vs 98.0percent PMID 42044607
Using inability to walk to predict in-hospital mortality in a high-income country - A comparison with the National Early Warning Score in a multicenter prospective cohort.Journal of critical care · 2026 mortality Odds Ratio 2.43 95% CI 1.24–4.76 p = 0.009 PMID 42044607
Major ECG abnormalities and risk of incident cardiovascular disease in people with HIV compared to people without HIV.AIDS (London, England) · 2026 not_reported Hazard Ratio 1.57 95% CI 0.92–2.68 PMID 42160032
Major ECG abnormalities and risk of incident cardiovascular disease in people with HIV compared to people without HIV.AIDS (London, England) · 2026 not_reported Hazard Ratio 3.24 95% CI 1.11–9.55 PMID 42160032
The impact of accumulating immune adaptation in circulating strains of HIV-1.HIV medicine · 2026 not_reported Odds Ratio 2.4 PMID 41795223
The relationship between digit ratio (2D:4D) and autoimmune diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Early human development · 2026 not_reported Odds Ratio 1.645 95% CI 1.388–1.95 PMID 42034071
Cannabis use and cannabis use disorder in adults with chronic medical conditions in the United States.Addictive behaviors · 2026 not_reported Percentage Comparison 5.78percent vs 7.71percent PMID 42259090
Cannabis use and cannabis use disorder in adults with chronic medical conditions in the United States.Addictive behaviors · 2026 not_reported Percentage Comparison 9.1percent vs 6.58percent PMID 42259090
HIV Self-testing and Coupons Distribution by Persons Using PrEP to Create Demand for Combination HIV Prevention Services Among Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial in the Context of the ImPrEP Project.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2026 not_reported Odds Ratio 5.0 PMID 41983677
HIV Self-testing and Coupons Distribution by Persons Using PrEP to Create Demand for Combination HIV Prevention Services Among Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial in the Context of the ImPrEP Project.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2026 not_reported Risk Ratio 0.55 PMID 41983677
HIV Self-testing and Coupons Distribution by Persons Using PrEP to Create Demand for Combination HIV Prevention Services Among Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial in the Context of the ImPrEP Project.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2026 not_reported Risk Ratio 0.75 PMID 41983677
CD44 expression in renal tubules during maladaptive repair is a potential marker for the transition from acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease in rats.Toxicology · 2026 adverse events Odds Ratio 60.0 PMID 42019744
CD44 expression in renal tubules during maladaptive repair is a potential marker for the transition from acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease in rats.Toxicology · 2026 adverse events Odds Ratio 6.0 PMID 42019744
Factors associated with antiretroviral therapy satisfaction among people living with HIV in an urban Japanese hospital: a retrospective analysis using the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire.AIDS care · 2026 not_reported Odds Ratio 0.09 95% CI 0.02–0.5 p = 0.006 PMID 41208637
A Dual Prevention Pill for HIV & Pregnancy Prevention: A Pilot Study Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Zimbabwe.AIDS and behavior · 2026 not_reported Odds Ratio 2.0 PMID 41251867
International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: effects of dietary antioxidants on exercise and sports performance.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2026 not_reported Odds Ratio 60.0 PMID 41701327
Effectiveness of behavioural tobacco cessation interventions with and without pharmacotherapy among people living with HIV in Viet Nam: a three-arm pragmatic randomised controlled trial.The Lancet. Global health · 2026 not_reported Odds Ratio 1.0 PMID 41713442
Islatravir distribution in plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and mucosal tissues after monthly oral dosing.AIDS (London, England) · 2026 not_reported Odds Ratio 120.0 PMID 41789892
Determinants of long-acting cabotegravir plus rilpivirine discontinuation in real-world HIV care: insights from the relativity cohort.AIDS (London, England) · 2026 not_reported Hazard Ratio 2.06 95% CI 1.48–2.86 P = 0.036 PMID 41805169
Determinants of long-acting cabotegravir plus rilpivirine discontinuation in real-world HIV care: insights from the relativity cohort.AIDS (London, England) · 2026 not_reported Hazard Ratio 0.65 95% CI 0.44–0.96 P = 0.036 PMID 41805169
Effect of a digital training package on clinical outcomes in Malawi's index case testing programme: a cluster randomised controlled trial.BMJ global health · 2026 not_reported Risk Ratio 1.37 95% CI 1.1–1.71 p=0.006 PMID 41825916
Effect of a digital training package on clinical outcomes in Malawi's index case testing programme: a cluster randomised controlled trial.BMJ global health · 2026 not_reported Risk Ratio 1.45 p=0.006 PMID 41825916
Effect of a digital training package on clinical outcomes in Malawi's index case testing programme: a cluster randomised controlled trial.BMJ global health · 2026 not_reported Risk Ratio 2.29 95% CI 1.19–4.4 p=0.006 PMID 41825916
Effect of a digital training package on clinical outcomes in Malawi's index case testing programme: a cluster randomised controlled trial.BMJ global health · 2026 not_reported Risk Ratio 1.22 p=0.1 PMID 41825916
Effect of a digital training package on clinical outcomes in Malawi's index case testing programme: a cluster randomised controlled trial.BMJ global health · 2026 not_reported Risk Ratio 1.28 p=0.1 PMID 41825916
Men's willingness to receive text messages and speak with an HIV counselor via the National HIV Hotline following HIV self-testing in Tanzania; a baseline cross- sectional analysis from a cluster -randomized controlled trial.BMC public health · 2026 not_reported Odds Ratio 3.37 PMID 41998582
Men's willingness to receive text messages and speak with an HIV counselor via the National HIV Hotline following HIV self-testing in Tanzania; a baseline cross- sectional analysis from a cluster -randomized controlled trial.BMC public health · 2026 not_reported Odds Ratio 3.84 PMID 41998582
Men's willingness to receive text messages and speak with an HIV counselor via the National HIV Hotline following HIV self-testing in Tanzania; a baseline cross- sectional analysis from a cluster -randomized controlled trial.BMC public health · 2026 not_reported Odds Ratio 2.52 PMID 41998582
Men's willingness to receive text messages and speak with an HIV counselor via the National HIV Hotline following HIV self-testing in Tanzania; a baseline cross- sectional analysis from a cluster -randomized controlled trial.BMC public health · 2026 not_reported Odds Ratio 2.96 PMID 41998582
An integrated HIV and chronic disease intervention to reduce HIV infection risk among older men who have sex with men in China: a randomized controlled trial.BMC public health · 2026 not_reported Risk Ratio 0.34 95% CI 0.21–0.57 PMID 42021278
An integrated HIV and chronic disease intervention to reduce HIV infection risk among older men who have sex with men in China: a randomized controlled trial.BMC public health · 2026 not_reported Risk Ratio 0.43 95% CI 0.25–0.74 PMID 42021278
Research transparency

Funding and conflicts of interest

Conflict and funding fields reproduce what is available in PubMed records. Missing disclosure data does not establish that no conflict or funding existed.

COI statement coverage76.4%193 records have no COI statement exposed in PubMed.
Funding metadata coverage33.2%Coverage indicates whether grant/funding metadata was present, not independence or study quality.
Most frequently reported funding agencies
NIAID NIH HHS220
NIH HHS97
NHLBI NIH HHS60
NIMH NIH HHS42
NIDA NIH HHS32
TOPMed Data Coordinating Center27
NCATS NIH HHS24
FIC NIH HHS24
View records with declared financial or industry relationships 12

Indirect Treatment Comparison of the Efficacy of Long-Acting Injectable Cabotegravir Compared With Lenacapavir for HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis.

Declarations. Conflicts of interest: Neil Hawkins and Juliette Thompson have received consulting fees from ViiV Healthcare. Aniruddha Hazra has contracts for clinical research unrelated to this work from Gilead and has received consulting fees from Abbott Technologies, Gilead, and ViiV Healthcare. Marisa Brizzi has received payment or honoraria for speakers bureaus from Gilead and ViiV Healthcare and participated on an advisory board for Gilead, Merck, and ViiV Healthcare. Richard Grove is an employee of GSK and holds stock in GSK. Marius Sieverding has no conflicts to disclose. Piotr Budnik is an employee of ViiV Healthcare and owns stock in GSK and Haleon. Jenny Scherzer and Natalya Danchenko are employees of ViiV Healthcare and may own stock in GSK. Sarah-Jane Anderson is an employee of GSK and owns stock in GSK and Haleon. Laure Dupont-Benjamin is an employee of ViiV Healthcare; owns stock in AbbVi.e., GSK, and Haleon; and is receiving consulting fees from the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. Ethical approval: This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any new studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

PMID 42171901 · 2026

De Novo Cancer in Liver Transplant Patients With HIV Infection: A Multicenter Nationwide Cohort Study.

Potential conflicts of interest . J. M. M. has received consulting honoraria and/or research grants from Angelini, Basilea, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Genentech, Gilead Sciences, Jansen, Merck, Pfizer, Novartis, and ViiV Healthcare, outside the submitted work. All other authors report no potential conflicts. All authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. Conflicts that the editors consider relevant to the content of the manuscript have been disclosed.

PMID 41989878 · 2026

Hepatitis B Outcomes After Switching to Long-Acting Cabotegravir/Rilpivirine in People With HIV: Reactivation, Incident Infection, and Liver Safety Across Diverse Serological Profiles.

Potential conflicts of interest. A. F. has received honoraria for lectures or AB and/or research grants and traveling support from ViiV Healthcare, Gilead Sciences, and Janssen, outside the submitted work. J. A. has received research funding from ViiV Healthcare and Gilead Sciences; has participated in AB for ViiV, Gilead Sciences, MSD, and J&J; has received personal compensation for presentations from ViiV, Gilead Sciences, MSD, and J&J; and has participated in DSMB for HIPRA and Grifols. A. S. has received honoraria for lectures and/or research grants and traveling support from Gilead Sciences, ViiV Healthcare, and MSD, outside the submitted work. J. C. has received honoraria for lectures or AB and traveling support from ViiV Healthcare, Gilead Sciences, and Janssen, outside the submitted work. B. T. has received honoraria for lectures, AB and/or research grants from Gilead Sciences, GSK, MSD, and J&J and traveling support from Gilead Sciences, outside the submitted work. M. M.-R. has received honoraria for lectures or AB from Gilead Sciences, ViiV Healthcare, and J&J and has received honoraria for leadership role from Gilead Sciences and traveling support from Gilead Sciences, outside the submitted work. J. L. B. has received honoraria for lectures or AB and/or research grants and traveling support from Gilead Sciences, ViiV Healthcare, and MSD, outside the submitted work. J. M. M. has received consulting honoraria and/or research grants from Angelini, Basilea, Contrafect, Cubist, Genentech, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, Medtronic, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, and ViiV Healthcare, outside the submitted work. E. M. has received honoraria for lectures or AB and/or research grants from Gilead Sciences, ViiV Healthcare, and MSD, outside the submitted work, and has held unpaid leadership roles as past president of EACS and as president of NEAT ID. J. M. has received honoraria for lectures from Gilead Sciences, ViiV Healthcare, J&J, and MSD, outside the submitted work. A. G.-C. has received honoraria for lectures or AB, consulting fees, and/or research grants from Gilead Sciences, Janssen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and ViiV Healthcare and traveling support from Gilead Sciences, J&J, ViiV Healthcare, and MSD, outside the submitted work. M. L. has received research funding from ViiV Healthcare and Gilead Sciences, has participated in AB for J&J, and has received personal compensation for presentations from ViiV Healthcare, Gilead Sciences, MSD, and J&J and traveling support from Gilead Sciences, outside the submitted work. All other authors report no potential conflicts. All authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. Conflicts that the editors consider relevant to the content of the manuscript have been disclosed.

PMID 41539988 · 2026

The emerging and evolving evidence supporting creatine as an ergogenic aid: history and applications.

CMK has received grants, honoraria, and consulting fees from companies who do business in areas related to exercise and nutrition. He currently serves as a scientific advisor to multiple companies who do business in exercise and nutrition, and he currently serves as a Scientific Affiliate for Alzchem and on a Scientific Advisory Board for NNB Nutrition, companies that manufacture creatine. DG conducted industry-sponsored research involving creatine supplementation and received creatine donations for scientific studies and travel support for presentations involving creatine supplementation at scientific conferences and serves on the Scientific Advisory Board for Alzchem, Create and Iovate (companies that manufacture creatine products). RBK has conducted industry-sponsored research on creatine through grants awarded to the universities he has been affiliated, received financial support for presenting invited lectures at conferences about sports nutrition and creatine. Additionally, he serves as Chair of the Scientific Advisory Board for AlzChem (a company that makes creatine monohydrate). He does not own any patents, receive royalties for the sale of creatine or any dietary supplement, or have any ownership in a company that sells creatine or any dietary supplements. TNZ has conducted industry sponsored research involving creatine supplementation and has received research funding from industry sponsors related to sports nutrition products and ingredients. JRS has received grants and contracts to research dietary supplements, has served as a paid consultant for industry, and received honoraria for speaking at conferences and writing lay articles about sports nutrition. He is a Chair of the Scientific Advisory Board for Alzchem. SF is a scientific advisor for Bear Balanced® and has received creatine donations from Creapure® for research purposes. PM and RS declare that no commercial or financial relationships exist that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

PMID 41870601 · 2026

Burden of disease in US patients with skeletal versus muscular or pain manifestations of hypophosphatasia: An analysis from the Global HPP Registry.

Declaration of competing interest Priya Kishnani is a consultant for and has received research funding and honoraria from Alexion, AstraZeneca Rare Disease. Steven Ing has received research grants paid to his institution from Alexion, Amgen, Calcilytix, Radius, Takeda, and Ultragenyx and has served on an advisory board and/or as a consultant for Amgen, Bone Health & Osteoporosis Foundation, Extend Biosciences, and Radius. Julie Hoover-Fong has participated in advisory boards and served as a consultant for Ascendis, AstraZeneca, BioMarin, Children's Mercy Research Institute, Medscape, Pfizer, QED, and Therachon and has received research support from AstraZeneca, BioMarin, and QED. J. Carl Pallais has been a consultant for Alexion, AstraZeneca Rare Disease and Ensho Health and received research funding to his institution from Alexion, AstraZeneca Rare Disease. Angie Voskopoja, Shona Fang, and William R. Mowrey are employees of Alexion, AstraZeneca Rare Disease, and may hold stock or stock options in AstraZeneca. Eric Rush has received research funding to his institution from Alexion, AstraZeneca Rare Disease and Ultragenyx. He has received consulting fees and payment or honoraria from Alexion, AstraZeneca Rare Disease, Ultragenyx, Inozyme, Ipsen, and Kyowa Kirin. He has received support for meetings and/or travel from Alexion, AstraZeneca Rare Disease and Kyowa Kirin and participates on a data safety monitoring or advisory board for Inozyme. Kathryn Dahir is a clinical trial investigator and consultant for Alexion, AstraZeneca Rare Disease, Regeneron, Kyowa Kirin and Ultragenyx.

PMID 42365936 · 2026

Genotype distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) types in oral gargle specimens among men living with HIV in Mexico, Brazil, and Puerto Rico: A cross-sectional study.

Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Moffitt Cancer Center reports financial support was provided by National Cancer Institute. Timothy Wilkin, Anna R. Giuliano, Luisa L. Villa, Grant B Ellsworth, Michael J. Schell, Eduardo Lazcano-Ponce, and Betania Allen-Leigh report financial support was provided by National Cancer Institute. Timothy Wilkin reports financial support was provided by Merck & Co Inc. and Viiv Healthcare. Anna R Giuliano reports a relationship with Merck & Co Inc that includes consulting or advisory, funding grants, and speaking and lecture fees. Anna R Giuliano holds an American Cancer Society Clinical Research Professorship. Anna Beltrame reports financial support was provided by this award. Julie Rathwell reports a relationship with Merck Sharp & Dohme, LLC that includes consulting or advisory. Grant B Ellsworth reports financial support was provided by Merck & Co Inc. Grant B Ellsworth serves as the HPV Subsection-Committee Chair for the Adult Opportunistic Guidelines. Grant B Ellsworth reports a relationship with Northeast Caribbean AIDS Clinical Training Center that includes speaking and lecture fees and with International AIDS Society USA that includes speaking and lecture fees. LLV is an occasional speaker and consultant for Merck & Co. HPV prophylactic vaccines, having received fees for travel and talks. The remaining authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

PMID 42070588 · 2026

Safety of the adjuvanted herpes zoster subunit vaccine in people over 18 years of age living with HIV: A phase 4 multicentre study.

Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests which may be considered as potential competing interests: M.Z.M., M.F·P., S.B.P.R., I.A.L.T., M.C.F. and J.J.P.M. have collaborated in teaching activities funded by GlaxoSmithKline, M.Z.M., S.B.P.R., I.A.L.T., M.C.F. and J.J.P.M. have also received financial support by GlaxoSmithKline to attend educational events and M.F.P has also served as a consultant on Advisory Boards for GlaxoSmithKline. The remaining authors declare no potential conflicts of interest related to this publication.

PMID 42008905 · 2026

Assessing the impact of nicotinic partial agonists compared to NRT on opioid and cigarette use: A secondary analysis investigating treatment outcomes for co-occurring nicotine and opioid use.

Declaration of competing interest Drs Tindle, Freiberg, Cheng, Gnatienko, and Krupitsky reported receiving grants from the National Institutes of Health during the conduct of the study. Dr. Tindle reported volunteering scientific input on the early stages of design of a phase 3 trial conducted in the US testing cytisine for smoking cessation and serving as the principal investigator for smoking cessation trials for which medications were donated by the manufacturer. Dr. Cheng reported receiving personal fees from Janssen outside the submitted work. No other disclosures were reported.

PMID 41558587 · 2026
01

Current Standard-of-Care Sources

Alexandria uses this label only for PubMed-indexed guidelines or consensus documents. These are source publications, not individualized recommendations.

02

Highest-Priority Research

clinical guideline

Clinical Practice Guideline on the Pharmacological Management of Antipsychotic-Related Dyslipidemia.

Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026

BACKGROUND: People taking antipsychotic medicines and those with severe mental illness experience elevated cardiovascular risk compared to the general population which is not adequately addressed by existing guidelines. Increases in lipid levels can occur soon after starting antipsychotics but often go untreated. Cumulative exposure to dyslipidemia from childhood, through young adulthood, facilitates atherogenesis. Regression of early lesions is possible; however, plaque progression can be irreversible, leading to sustained long-term cardiovascular risk. Although lipid-lowering therapies are effective at lowering cardiovascular risk, they are underutilized in this population. We have thus de…

PMID 42544493
clinical guideline

Fostering healthy cognitive ageing in people living with HIV.

The lancet. HIV · 2025

Prevalence and incidence of HIV among people aged 50 years and older continue to rise worldwide, generating increasing awareness among care providers, scientists, and the HIV community about the importance of brain health in older adults with HIV. Many age-related factors that adversely affect brain health can occur earlier and more often among people with HIV, including epigenetic ageing, chronic medical conditions (eg, cardiovascular disease), and age-related syndromes (eg, frailty). Extensive dialogue between HIV community leaders, health-care providers, and scientists has led to the development of a multidimensional response strategy to protect and enhance brain health in people ageing w…

PMID 39615509
clinical guideline

British Association of Sexual Health and HIV guidelines on the management of viral hepatitis 2026.

International journal of STD & AIDS · 2026

The 2026 British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH) guidelines for the management of viral hepatitis are in line with current evidence and practice within the United Kingdom. We provide evidence-based recommendations for the prevention, diagnosis and initial management of viral hepatitis A, B, C and D. Key updates are detailed at the start of the article.

PMID 42117446
clinical guideline

Breastfeeding in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

Obstetrics and gynecology · 2026

This Clinical Practice Update provides revised guidance regarding the opportunity for infant feeding in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) based on revised recommendations from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the American Academy of Pediatrics. This document updates the content in Committee Opinion No. 756, Optimizing Support for Breastfeeding as Part of Obstetric Practice (Obstet Gynecol 2018;132:e187-96).

PMID 41926772
clinical guideline

[Chinese guideline for the chemotherapy of multidrug-resistant/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (2026 edition)].

Zhonghua jie he he hu xi za zhi = Zhonghua jiehe he huxi zazhi = Chinese journal of tuberculosis and respiratory diseases · 2026

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) pose significant challenges to global tuberculosis prevention and treatment efforts. At present, the chemotherapy of MDR/RR-TB is still hampered by prolonged treatment duration and suboptimal success rates. In 2019, the Chinese Medical Association Tuberculosis Branch issued the Chinese Expert Consensus on the Treatment of MDR-TB and RR-TB, which has provided essential guidance for standardizing the diagnosis, treatment, and clinical management of MDR/RR-TB in China. In response to recent advances in global evidence-based medicine and in consideration of China's specific context, the Chinese Medical Associ…

PMID 42236454
clinical guideline

[Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for persons living with HIV (SFGM-TC)].

Bulletin du cancer · 2026

People living with HIV (PLWH) experienced an increased risk of heme malignancies. The place of cellular therapy as consolidation is well established in the general population, but remains to be confirmed in PLWH. Control of HIV has dramatically been improved due to combined antiretroviral therapy, and continuation of the treatment all through the graft procedure resulted in survival and TRM comparable with the general population. So, PLWH with an indication of auto- or allo-graft must be referred as eligible for the procedure. The conditioning regimen depends mainly on the malignancy and comorbidities. In allograft setting, the choice of the donor and the stem cell source must follow standar…

PMID 42103547
clinical guideline

Belgian guidance 2026 on management of pregnancy and breastfeeding in women living with HIV and their infants.

European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology · 2026

INTRODUCTION: In 2021, a call was made to write a guidance for the management of pregnancy in women living with HIV (WLWH) in Belgium. METHODS: The call was sent to BREACH (Belgium Research on AIDS and HIV Consortium), a network of Belgian HIV Reference Centers, Laboratories and interest organizations in the field of HIV. The first working group (30 healthcare workers from 13 institutions) reviewed literature and had online discussions. This Guidance is an expert consensus document designed to answer real life clinical situations; it was presented at BREACH symposium in November 2023 and then updated annually. RESULTS: Antiretroviral drugs prescribed to women considering pregnancy or during …

PMID 42468119
meta analysisn=8482

Prevalence of opportunistic fungal infections (candidiasis and cryptococcal meningitis) among HIV-positive individuals in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA compliant).

Medicine · 2026

BACKGROUND: Individuals with compromised immune systems, particularly those living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), face an elevated risk of opportunistic fungal infections (OFIs), including candidiasis and cryptococcal meningitis. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of OFIs among HIV-positive individuals across different regions of Ethiopia. METHODS: English-language articles were identified through a comprehensive search of online databases, including ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Cochrane Library. The Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool for prevalence studies was used to assess study quality. Heterogeneity and publication bias…

PMID 42629665
meta analysisn=36693

Factors associated with mortality and recurrence among patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB): a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression.

Infectious diseases (London, England) · 2026

BACKGROUND: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains a major global health concern due to its high mortality and recurrence rates. Understanding the factors associated with these adverse outcomes is essential for guiding targeted interventions and strengthening TB control strategies. OBJECTIVE: To synthesise evidence on factors associated with mortality and recurrence among patients with MDR-TB. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analyses were conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Searches were performed in PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science from inception to 23 February 2025 without year restrictions. A random-effects model was used to estimate pooled odds ratios…

PMID 42017750
systematic reviewn=6615444

Mortality risk in patients with urological malignancies and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.

Cancer pathogenesis and therapy · 2026

BACKGROUND: The extended survival of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) has shifted cancer burdens toward urological malignancies. PLWH exhibit unique clinical patterns, including a younger age at diagnosis for renal cell carcinoma and more advanced stage at presentation of prostate and bladder cancers, which are compounded by inequities in health care access and HIV-specific mechanisms such as chronic immunosuppression. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted across five databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Scopus) up to 1 July, 2025. Random-effects models were used to pool hazard ratios (HRs) and adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs). Public…

PMID 42643168
meta analysisn=53347

What is polypharmacy in people living with HIV/AIDS? A systematic review.

AIDS research and therapy · 2022

Polypharmacy in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) is a rising morbidity that exacts hefty economic burden on health budgets in addition to other adverse clinical outcomes. Despite recent advances, uncertainty remains around its exact definition in PLWHA. In this systematic review and Meta-analysis, we explored relevant databases (PUBMED, EMBASE, CROI) for studies evaluating polypharmacy in PLWHA from January 2000 to August 2021 to ascertain the exact numerical threshold that defines this morbidity. Two independent reviewers extracted and reviewed relevant variables for analyses. The review included a total of 31 studies involving n = 53,347 participants with a mean age of 49.5 (SD ± 17.0) …

PMID 35918746
meta analysisn=15522

The impact of HIV coinfection on mpox patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Emerging microbes & infections · 2026

A substantial proportion of mpox cases occur in people with HIV, but how HIV coinfection and immune status affect clinical outcomes remains unclear. We systematically searched major databases up to March 2025 for observational studies comparing mpox patients with and without HIV coinfection. Pooled effect sizes were calculated using random-effects models. Risk ratios (RRs) or standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals were used for dichotomous or continuous outcomes. Post hoc subgroup analyses explored differences by economic development, viral suppression, and advanced HIV disease (AHD) proportion. Among 15,522 patients from 29 studies, 52.43% had HIV. HIV coinfectio…

PMID 42461714
03

Latest Research — Last 24 Months

04

Treatment Options Studied in the PubMed Collection

These are interventions detected in PubMed metadata and abstracts. Inclusion does not establish approval, effectiveness, suitability, or standard-of-care status.

higher-confidence evidence

antiretroviral therapy

107 linked PMIDs36981 reported cumulative sample signal
Research status
insufficiently reported
Outcomes represented
reported clinical outcomes, quality of life, mortality, viral suppression, drug resistance, adverse events, serious adverse events, HIV transmission
Populations represented
general population; advanced; viral load; children; viral load; CD4 count; HIV-1
Mechanism
OBJECTIVES: We investigated weight gain amongst people with HIV (PWH) in Kampala after switching their antiretroviral therapy (ART) anchor drug from nevirapine, efavirenz, or a protease inhibitor to dolutegravir The cumulative risk of at least 10% weight gain by 36 months was 37.8%, and this was more likely if they were female, aged 25-49 years or their previous ART included efavirenz or a protease inhibitor but less likely if the preswitch BMI was at least 25 kg/m 2
PMID 42103547PMID 42629665PMID 41656685PMID 41860796PMID 42240366PMID 42541631PMID 42108560PMID 42070588
preliminary evidence

Anti-HIV Agents

91 linked PMIDs34020 reported cumulative sample signal
Research status
insufficiently reported
Outcomes represented
reported clinical outcomes, drug resistance, HIV transmission, viral suppression, adverse events, serious adverse events, virologic failure, quality of life
Populations represented
general population; HIV-1; HIV-1; drug resistance; children; viral load; HIV-1; CD4 count
Mechanism
Evidence-based approaches addressing psychological barriers are needed to improve PrEP adherence and persistence during this high-risk period.ObjectivesThis paper describes the protocol for a pilot trial to examine the feasibility and acceptability of PrEP Zingisa, a cognitive behavioral intervention targeting transdiagnostic mechanisms underlying depression/PTSD.DesignIn a randomized controlled trial, 70 pregnant individuals aged 15 and older who have recently initiated PrEP or experienced adherence challenges with moderate to severe depression and/or PTSD will be randomized to PrEP Zingisa or enhanced wait list control (WLC).MethodsPrEP Zingisa consists of four sessions focused on PrEP adh The electronic medical record alerts were customized to note these possible lenacapavir drug-drug interactions, similar to protease inhibitors/pharmacokinetic boosters (ritonavir and cobicistat) to prevent future events
PMID 41656685PMID 42155336PMID 42240366PMID 42108560PMID 35077265PMID 42657610PMID 42169215PMID 41731973
higher-confidence evidence

PrEP

43 linked PMIDs18690 reported cumulative sample signal
Research status
harm signal
Outcomes represented
reported clinical outcomes, viral suppression, HIV transmission
Populations represented
general population; HIV-1; viral load; HIV-1
Mechanism
Participants underwent individual randomization to 3 arms: (1) HAPA-based cognitive behavioral intervention featuring tailored WeChat messages and 2 structured motivational interviews targeting stage-specific barriers; (2) combined HAPA intervention with GCEI linked to peer group initiation rates, incorporating facilitated offline group activities; or (3) standard care control receiving nonpersonalized HIV prevention information Evidence-based approaches addressing psychological barriers are needed to improve PrEP adherence and persistence during this high-risk period.ObjectivesThis paper describes the protocol for a pilot trial to examine the feasibility and acceptability of PrEP Zingisa, a cognitive behavioral intervention targeting transdiagnostic mechanisms underlying depression/PTSD.DesignIn a randomized controlled trial, 70 pregnant individuals aged 15 and older who have recently initiated PrEP or experienced adherence challenges with moderate to severe depression and/or PTSD will be randomized to PrEP Zingisa or enhanced wait list control (WLC).MethodsPrEP Zingisa consists of four sessions focused on PrEP adh
PMID 42184839PMID 41983677PMID 35077265PMID 42657610PMID 42169215PMID 41731973PMID 41632776PMID 42201314
higher-confidence evidence

pre-exposure prophylaxis

38 linked PMIDs15941 reported cumulative sample signal
Research status
harm signal
Outcomes represented
reported clinical outcomes, viral suppression, HIV transmission, adverse events, serious adverse events
Populations represented
general population; HIV-1; viral load
Mechanism
Participants underwent individual randomization to 3 arms: (1) HAPA-based cognitive behavioral intervention featuring tailored WeChat messages and 2 structured motivational interviews targeting stage-specific barriers; (2) combined HAPA intervention with GCEI linked to peer group initiation rates, incorporating facilitated offline group activities; or (3) standard care control receiving nonpersonalized HIV prevention information Evidence-based approaches addressing psychological barriers are needed to improve PrEP adherence and persistence during this high-risk period.ObjectivesThis paper describes the protocol for a pilot trial to examine the feasibility and acceptability of PrEP Zingisa, a cognitive behavioral intervention targeting transdiagnostic mechanisms underlying depression/PTSD.DesignIn a randomized controlled trial, 70 pregnant individuals aged 15 and older who have recently initiated PrEP or experienced adherence challenges with moderate to severe depression and/or PTSD will be randomized to PrEP Zingisa or enhanced wait list control (WLC).MethodsPrEP Zingisa consists of four sessions focused on PrEP adh
PMID 42184839PMID 41181883PMID 35077265PMID 42657610PMID 41731973PMID 41632776PMID 42201314PMID 41832915
preliminary evidence

tenofovir

17 linked PMIDs4832 reported cumulative sample signal
Research status
insufficiently reported
Outcomes represented
reported clinical outcomes, adverse events, viral suppression, quality of life
Populations represented
general population; HIV-1; advanced; second-line; HIV RNA
Mechanism
Ainuovirine (ANV), a novel non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, demonstrates a favorable preclinical safety profile Background and Clinical Significance: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is a widely prescribed nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NtRTI) for HIV-1 infection
PMID 42657610PMID 42623024PMID 41832915PMID 41666093PMID 41539988PMID 42557001PMID 42086178PMID 42647288
preliminary evidence

Pyridones

16 linked PMIDs8172 reported cumulative sample signal
Research status
insufficiently reported
Outcomes represented
reported clinical outcomes, viral suppression, adverse events, quality of life
Populations represented
general population; HIV-1; advanced; HIV-1; treatment-experienced HIV; second-line; third-line; second-line; HIV RNA; first-line; second-line; children
Mechanism
These findings suggest that baseline immune status influences early viral reservoir dynamics and that the timing of reservoir reduction may be linked to immune restoration, highlighting the heterogeneity of integrase inhibitor responses and the potential value of baseline immune assessment in guiding individualized management RESULTS: ART regimens comprised 62.5% dolutegravir (DTG)-, 28.8% efavirenz (EFV)-, 4.5% nevirapine (NVP)-, and 4.2% protease inhibitor (PI)-based therapy
PMID 42623024PMID 41348547PMID 42136197PMID 41539988PMID 42576791PMID 42498509PMID 42421241PMID 42124360
moderate-confidence evidence

Dolutegravir

13 linked PMIDs11001 reported cumulative sample signal
Research status
insufficiently reported
Outcomes represented
reported clinical outcomes, adverse events, viral suppression
Populations represented
general population; children; first-line; HIV-1; treatment-experienced HIV; second-line; third-line; second-line; HIV RNA
Mechanism
OBJECTIVES: We investigated weight gain amongst people with HIV (PWH) in Kampala after switching their antiretroviral therapy (ART) anchor drug from nevirapine, efavirenz, or a protease inhibitor to dolutegravir The cumulative risk of at least 10% weight gain by 36 months was 37.8%, and this was more likely if they were female, aged 25-49 years or their previous ART included efavirenz or a protease inhibitor but less likely if the preswitch BMI was at least 25 kg/m 2
PMID 42623024PMID 41348547PMID 42136197PMID 42097858PMID 42557001PMID 42319215PMID 42425238PMID 42055353
moderate-confidence evidence

Biomarkers

12 linked PMIDs6486 reported cumulative sample signal
Research status
harm signal
Outcomes represented
reported clinical outcomes, mortality, adverse events
Populations represented
general population; advanced
Mechanism
Bioinformatic network analysis was performed to identify potential molecular targets In silico network analysis suggested potential inflammatory and metabolic targets of miR-23a-3p; however, these findings require experimental validation
PMID 42041228PMID 42133056PMID 42084141PMID 40204564PMID 42449934PMID 42654806PMID 41734663PMID 42019744
moderate-confidence evidence

HIV Antibodies

11 linked PMIDs161 reported cumulative sample signal
Research status
insufficiently reported
Outcomes represented
reported clinical outcomes, adverse events, serious adverse events
Populations represented
HIV-1; early-stage; HIV RNA; viral load; CD4 count
Mechanism
Notable progress includes promising results in germline-targeting and sequential immunization for the induction of broadly neutralizing antibody precursors, a better understanding of the mechanisms of reservoir persistence, and encouraging signals that immune-based strategies can lead to postintervention control We provide evidence that CH505 Env may maintain a relatively closed conformation, rendering it less susceptible to targeting by Fc-mediated antibody functions
PMID 34354709PMID 42215520PMID 41932180PMID 41774769PMID 42505121PMID 42655707PMID 42414619PMID 42114530
moderate-confidence evidence

Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring

10 linked PMIDs5669 reported cumulative sample signal
Research status
insufficiently reported
Outcomes represented
reported clinical outcomes, adverse events, viral suppression
Populations represented
general population; first-line; HIV-1; advanced; HIV-1; treatment-experienced HIV; second-line; HIV RNA; first-line; second-line; children
Mechanism
These findings suggest that baseline immune status influences early viral reservoir dynamics and that the timing of reservoir reduction may be linked to immune restoration, highlighting the heterogeneity of integrase inhibitor responses and the potential value of baseline immune assessment in guiding individualized management METHODS: In D 2 EFT, ritonavir-boosted darunavir plus dolutegravir (DTG + DRV/r) and dolutegravir with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate plus either lamivudine or emtricitabine (DTG + TDF/XTC) were compared to ritonavir-boosted darunavir plus two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (DRV/r + 2NRTIs)
PMID 42623024PMID 41348547PMID 42136197PMID 42055353PMID 42084114PMID 42421241PMID 42124360PMID 41779383
moderate-confidence evidence

Piperazines

9 linked PMIDs3761 reported cumulative sample signal
Research status
insufficiently reported
Outcomes represented
reported clinical outcomes, adverse events, viral suppression
Populations represented
general population; HIV-1; HIV-1; advanced; HIV-1; treatment-experienced HIV; second-line; HIV RNA; first-line; second-line; children
Mechanism
These findings suggest that baseline immune status influences early viral reservoir dynamics and that the timing of reservoir reduction may be linked to immune restoration, highlighting the heterogeneity of integrase inhibitor responses and the potential value of baseline immune assessment in guiding individualized management METHODS: In D 2 EFT, ritonavir-boosted darunavir plus dolutegravir (DTG + DRV/r) and dolutegravir with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate plus either lamivudine or emtricitabine (DTG + TDF/XTC) were compared to ritonavir-boosted darunavir plus two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (DRV/r + 2NRTIs)
PMID 42623024PMID 41348547PMID 42136197PMID 41070447PMID 42551554PMID 42421241PMID 42124360PMID 41779383
preliminary evidence

DNA, Viral

9 linked PMIDs1220 reported cumulative sample signal
Research status
insufficiently reported
Outcomes represented
reported clinical outcomes, mortality
Populations represented
advanced; general population; HIV-1; HIV-1; advanced; HIV-1; viral load
Mechanism
METHODS: Standard IPDA targets overlap with sequences present in lentiviral vectors, including the AGT103-T therapeutic vector, preventing accurate quantification We developed a modified IPDA that avoids vector interference while preserving detection of intact HIV proviruses by targeting HIV Gag and Nef regions
PMID 42332911PMID 42655673PMID 41539988PMID 41670418PMID 41665101PMID 42264069PMID 42421241PMID 41607075
preliminary evidence

RNA, Viral

8 linked PMIDs412 reported cumulative sample signal
Research status
insufficiently reported
Outcomes represented
reported clinical outcomes, viral suppression, virologic failure, drug resistance
Populations represented
HIV-1; general population; HIV-1; drug resistance; HIV-1; viral load; viral load; CD4 count
Mechanism
BACKGROUND: Islatravir (ISL), a nucleoside reverse transcriptase translocation inhibitor, and lenacapavir (LEN), a capsid inhibitor, have pharmacokinetic profiles supporting once-weekly (QW) oral dosing Participants with primary nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) or non-NRTI resistance-associated mutations were excluded
PMID 42264069PMID 41990403PMID 40375799PMID 42479941PMID 41885130PMID 42184582PMID 41886877PMID 41955174
moderate-confidence evidence

Emtricitabine

7 linked PMIDs6223 reported cumulative sample signal
Research status
insufficiently reported
Outcomes represented
adverse events, serious adverse events, reported clinical outcomes, viral suppression, quality of life
Populations represented
HIV-1; general population; first-line
Mechanism
Not explicitly reported in the retrieved PubMed metadata or abstracts.
PMID 41070447PMID 42551554PMID 42105781PMID 42055353PMID 42084114PMID 41703498PMID 42400399
preliminary evidence

Oxazines

7 linked PMIDs3710 reported cumulative sample signal
Research status
insufficiently reported
Outcomes represented
reported clinical outcomes, viral suppression, adverse events
Populations represented
general population; HIV-1; treatment-experienced HIV; second-line; third-line; second-line; HIV RNA; first-line; second-line; children; HIV-1
Mechanism
RESULTS: ART regimens comprised 62.5% dolutegravir (DTG)-, 28.8% efavirenz (EFV)-, 4.5% nevirapine (NVP)-, and 4.2% protease inhibitor (PI)-based therapy METHODS: In D 2 EFT, ritonavir-boosted darunavir plus dolutegravir (DTG + DRV/r) and dolutegravir with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate plus either lamivudine or emtricitabine (DTG + TDF/XTC) were compared to ritonavir-boosted darunavir plus two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (DRV/r + 2NRTIs)
PMID 41348547PMID 42136197PMID 42124360PMID 41762169PMID 41779383PMID 41579881PMID 41070447
preliminary evidence

cabotegravir

7 linked PMIDs811 reported cumulative sample signal
Research status
insufficiently reported
Outcomes represented
reported clinical outcomes, viral suppression, adverse events
Populations represented
general population; HIV-1; HIV RNA
Mechanism
The electronic medical record alerts were customized to note these possible lenacapavir drug-drug interactions, similar to protease inhibitors/pharmacokinetic boosters (ritonavir and cobicistat) to prevent future events
PMID 41539988PMID 42576791PMID 42498509PMID 42312466PMID 41964115PMID 41805169PMID 42171901
05

Conflicting Research

higher-confidence evidence

antiretroviral therapy · multiple reported outcomes

81 studies

Status: apparently conflicting; different clinical questions. Population: general population. Comparator: multiple or inconsistently reported comparators.

  • The records use different or inconsistently reported comparators.
  • The records report different endpoints or outcome definitions.
  • The evidence combines different study designs.
  • Some abstracts do not state whether the primary endpoint was met.
unknown: 72mixed: 1harm: 4benefit: 1null: 3
PMID 42103547PMID 42629665PMID 41656685PMID 42556371PMID 42235914PMID 42047974PMID 41860796PMID 42240366PMID 42541631PMID 42108560
higher-confidence evidence

Anti-HIV Agents · multiple reported outcomes

71 studies

Status: apparently conflicting; different clinical questions. Population: general population. Comparator: multiple or inconsistently reported comparators.

  • The records use different or inconsistently reported comparators.
  • The records report different endpoints or outcome definitions.
  • The evidence combines different study designs.
  • Some abstracts do not state whether the primary endpoint was met.
unknown: 61benefit: 2harm: 4null: 4
PMID 41919720PMID 41656685PMID 42556371PMID 42235914PMID 42171901PMID 42155336PMID 42240366PMID 42214698PMID 42108560PMID 42442378
higher-confidence evidence

PrEP · multiple reported outcomes

53 studies

Status: apparently conflicting; different clinical questions. Population: general population. Comparator: multiple or inconsistently reported comparators.

  • The records use different or inconsistently reported comparators.
  • The records report different endpoints or outcome definitions.
  • The evidence combines different study designs.
  • Some abstracts do not state whether the primary endpoint was met.
unknown: 50null: 2harm: 1
PMID 42184839PMID 42214698PMID 42442378PMID 41983677PMID 41257432PMID 35077265PMID 41343494PMID 42657610PMID 41805538PMID 42169215
higher-confidence evidence

pre-exposure prophylaxis · multiple reported outcomes

45 studies

Status: apparently conflicting; different clinical questions. Population: general population. Comparator: multiple or inconsistently reported comparators.

  • The records use different or inconsistently reported comparators.
  • The records report different endpoints or outcome definitions.
  • The evidence combines different study designs.
  • Some abstracts do not state whether the primary endpoint was met.
unknown: 42null: 2harm: 1
PMID 39982831PMID 42184839PMID 42442378PMID 41181883PMID 41257432PMID 35077265PMID 42657610PMID 41805538PMID 41731973PMID 41632776
higher-confidence evidence

Biomarkers · multiple reported outcomes

16 studies

Status: apparently conflicting; different clinical questions. Population: general population. Comparator: multiple or inconsistently reported comparators.

  • The records use different or inconsistently reported comparators.
  • The records report different endpoints or outcome definitions.
  • The evidence combines different study designs.
  • Some abstracts do not state whether the primary endpoint was met.
unknown: 13null: 1harm: 1benefit: 1
PMID 42041228PMID 40576558PMID 42133056PMID 38381407PMID 42084141PMID 42243654PMID 40204564PMID 42449934PMID 42654806PMID 41734663
higher-confidence evidence

Anti-Retroviral Agents · multiple reported outcomes

15 studies

Status: apparently conflicting; different clinical questions. Population: general population. Comparator: multiple or inconsistently reported comparators.

  • The records use different or inconsistently reported comparators.
  • The records report different endpoints or outcome definitions.
  • The evidence combines different study designs.
  • Some abstracts do not state whether the primary endpoint was met.
benefit: 1unknown: 12harm: 1null: 1
PMID 41656685PMID 42240366PMID 42108560PMID 42339560PMID 41501688PMID 34176289PMID 42623024PMID 41899755PMID 42186788PMID 41968951
higher-confidence evidence

tenofovir · multiple reported outcomes

15 studies

Status: apparently conflicting; different clinical questions. Population: general population. Comparator: multiple or inconsistently reported comparators.

  • The records use different or inconsistently reported comparators.
  • The records report different endpoints or outcome definitions.
  • The evidence combines different study designs.
  • Some abstracts do not state whether the primary endpoint was met.
unknown: 13harm: 1null: 1
PMID 41919720PMID 42235914PMID 42171901PMID 42442378PMID 42657610PMID 42623024PMID 41251867PMID 42479941PMID 41832915PMID 42141514
higher-confidence evidence

Caffeine · reported clinical outcomes

8 studies

Status: apparently conflicting; different clinical questions. Population: general population. Comparator: multiple or inconsistently reported comparators.

  • The records use different or inconsistently reported comparators.
  • The evidence combines different study designs.
  • Some abstracts do not state whether the primary endpoint was met.
null: 1unknown: 6mixed: 1
PMID 42228847PMID 42654170PMID 41918248PMID 42124064PMID 41754174PMID 42588165PMID 42142184PMID 42654270
higher-confidence evidence

antiretroviral therapy · multiple reported outcomes

5 studies

Status: apparently conflicting; different clinical questions. Population: CD4 count. Comparator: multiple or inconsistently reported comparators.

  • The records use different or inconsistently reported comparators.
  • The records report different endpoints or outcome definitions.
  • The evidence combines different study designs.
  • Some abstracts do not state whether the primary endpoint was met.
unknown: 4mixed: 1
PMID 33387480PMID 42105779PMID 41098140PMID 41092264PMID 41747748
preliminary evidence

Papillomavirus Vaccines · reported clinical outcomes

4 studies

Status: apparently conflicting; different clinical questions. Population: general population. Comparator: multiple or inconsistently reported comparators.

  • The records use different or inconsistently reported comparators.
  • The evidence combines different study designs.
  • Some abstracts do not state whether the primary endpoint was met.
null: 1unknown: 2benefit: 1
PMID 42499163PMID 42652293PMID 41586588PMID 41649263
moderate-confidence evidence

antiretroviral therapy · multiple reported outcomes

4 studies

Status: apparently conflicting; different clinical questions. Population: advanced; CD4 count. Comparator: multiple or inconsistently reported comparators.

  • The records use different or inconsistently reported comparators.
  • The records report different endpoints or outcome definitions.
  • The evidence combines different study designs.
  • Some abstracts do not state whether the primary endpoint was met.
unknown: 2harm: 1mixed: 1
PMID 35812431PMID 42531625PMID 41057277PMID 41890795
higher-confidence evidence

Chewing Gum · reported clinical outcomes

3 studies

Status: apparently conflicting; different clinical questions. Population: general population. Comparator: multiple or inconsistently reported comparators.

  • The records use different or inconsistently reported comparators.
  • The evidence combines different study designs.
  • Some abstracts do not state whether the primary endpoint was met.
null: 1mixed: 1unknown: 1
PMID 42228847PMID 41754174PMID 42142184
06

Failed or Negative Trials

07

Emerging and Experimental Research

08

Evidence Gaps

Detailed risk-of-bias assessment remains limited

PubMed abstracts often do not include enough methodological detail for a complete study-level risk-of-bias assessment.

R

Complete Ranked PubMed Index

The retrieval-priority score orders records using publication type, recency, sample-size signals, and replication signals. It is not a recommendation or a formal risk-of-bias grade.

Current Standard Of Care60 records
Rank112.0
Clinical guideline or consensus statement

Clinical Practice Guideline on the Pharmacological Management of Antipsychotic-Related Dyslipidemia.

Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026 · PMID 42544493

BACKGROUND: People taking antipsychotic medicines and those with severe mental illness experience elevated cardiovascular risk compared to the general population which is not adequately addressed by existing guidelines. Increases in lipid levels can occur soon after starting antipsychotics but often go untreated. Cumulative exposure to dyslipidemia from childhood, through young adulthood, facilitates atherogenesis. Regression of early lesions is possible; however, plaque progression can be irreversible, leading to …

Rank110.0
Clinical guideline or consensus statement

British Association of Sexual Health and HIV guidelines on the management of viral hepatitis 2026.

International journal of STD & AIDS · 2026 · PMID 42117446

The 2026 British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH) guidelines for the management of viral hepatitis are in line with current evidence and practice within the United Kingdom. We provide evidence-based recommendations for the prevention, diagnosis and initial management of viral hepatitis A, B, C and D. Key updates are detailed at the start of the article.

Rank110.0
Clinical guideline or consensus statement

Breastfeeding in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

Obstetrics and gynecology · 2026 · PMID 41926772

This Clinical Practice Update provides revised guidance regarding the opportunity for infant feeding in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) based on revised recommendations from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the American Academy of Pediatrics. This document updates the content in Committee Opinion No. 756, Optimizing Support for Breastfeeding as Part of Obstetric Practice (Obstet Gynecol 2018;132:e187-96).

Rank110.0
Clinical guideline or consensus statement

Belgian guidance 2026 on management of pregnancy and breastfeeding in women living with HIV and their infants.

European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology · 2026 · PMID 42468119

INTRODUCTION: In 2021, a call was made to write a guidance for the management of pregnancy in women living with HIV (WLWH) in Belgium. METHODS: The call was sent to BREACH (Belgium Research on AIDS and HIV Consortium), a network of Belgian HIV Reference Centers, Laboratories and interest organizations in the field of HIV. The first working group (30 healthcare workers from 13 institutions) reviewed literature and had online discussions. This Guidance is an expert consensus document designed to answer real life clin…

Rank110.0
Clinical guideline or consensus statement

[Chinese guideline for the chemotherapy of multidrug-resistant/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (2026 edition)].

Zhonghua jie he he hu xi za zhi = Zhonghua jiehe he huxi zazhi = Chinese journal of tuberculosis and respiratory diseases · 2026 · PMID 42236454

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) pose significant challenges to global tuberculosis prevention and treatment efforts. At present, the chemotherapy of MDR/RR-TB is still hampered by prolonged treatment duration and suboptimal success rates. In 2019, the Chinese Medical Association Tuberculosis Branch issued the Chinese Expert Consensus on the Treatment of MDR-TB and RR-TB, which has provided essential guidance for standardizing the diagnosis, treatment, and clin…

Rank110.0
Clinical guideline or consensus statementResult signal: harm

[Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for persons living with HIV (SFGM-TC)].

Bulletin du cancer · 2026 · PMID 42103547

People living with HIV (PLWH) experienced an increased risk of heme malignancies. The place of cellular therapy as consolidation is well established in the general population, but remains to be confirmed in PLWH. Control of HIV has dramatically been improved due to combined antiretroviral therapy, and continuation of the treatment all through the graft procedure resulted in survival and TRM comparable with the general population. So, PLWH with an indication of auto- or allo-graft must be referred as eligible for th…

Rank107.8
Systematic review or meta-analysisResult signal: benefit

Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Psychosocial Interventions on Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence.

Nursing research · 2026 · PMID 41656685

BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is crucial for prolonging the lives of people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but adherence remains suboptimal. Psychosocial interventions show promise for improving ART adherence, yet no consensus exists on the most effective approach. OBJECTIVES: To identify the most effective psychosocial interventions for improving ART adherence in people with HIV. METHODS: Six databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and CENTRAL) were searched from their in…

Rank105.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Metal-artefact-reduction MRI for diagnosing periprosthetic joint infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Skeletal radiology · 2026 · PMID 41792512

BACKGROUND: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains one of the most serious. Advances in metal-artefact-reduction sequences (MARS) now allow for improved diagnostic quality imaging in the periprosthetic region. Early studies suggest the diagnostic efficacy of MARS, including subfeatures, yet no formal synthesis of available data exists. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA-DTA and PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Eligible studies include diagnostic accuracy studies reporting MA…

Rank103.4
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Interventions to improve viral suppression and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

The lancet. HIV · 2026 · PMID 42556371

BACKGROUND: In 2025, 78% of people living with HIV worldwide were on antiretroviral therapy 95% of people on treatment were virally suppressed. Suboptimal adherence, defined as not taking interventions as prescribed, threatens viral suppression and can lead to antiviral resistance, morbidity, mortality, and transmission. We updated a systematic review and network meta-analysis to estimate the effects of different adherence interventions on adherence and viral suppression. METHODS: In this systematic review and netw…

Rank102.4
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Dysregulated Metabolism in People Living With HIV in the Modern ART-Era: A Systematic Review of Targeted Metabolomics Studies.

Reviews in medical virology · 2026 · PMID 42406562

HIV remains a significant public health issue, with 1.3 million new infections and 630,000 deaths annually, and 40.8 million people living with HIV (PLHIV) globally in 2024. Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses viral replication, it does not eradicate the virus, and metabolic dysregulation persists despite treatment. Metabolomics allows for a detailed investigation of these alterations; however, targeted metabolomics studies in ART-treated PLHIV are limited, and there is no consensus on consistently dys…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Sepsis in Dogs and Cats-Consensus Definition and Clinical Criteria.

Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001) · 2026 · PMID 42438185

Sepsis is the clinical syndrome that results from the host response to severe or widespread infection and is a frequent cause of death in veterinary critical care settings. Rapid diagnosis aids early treatment initiation, and hence, how sepsis is defined and identified clinically has implications for patient outcomes. Recent changes in the definitions of sepsis in human adult and pediatric patients have reduced the alignment of veterinary sepsis definitions with those in human medicine. We defined sepsis in cats an…

Rank98.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Towards consensus on the treatment of congenital craniofacial conditions: the discussion section of a doctoral thesis.

Journal of plastic surgery and hand surgery · 2026 · PMID 42095487

BACKGROUND: Congenital craniofacial conditions are a diverse group of rare and complex disorders, leading to significant functional and psychosocial challenges. Their rarity and variability hinder research and clinical standardisation, resulting in substantial practice variation across centres. International collaboration and high-quality evidence are therefore essential to improve and converge care for affected individuals. This article presents the discussion section of a doctoral thesis that addressed these chal…

Rank98.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

[Cochlear implantation in Ménière's disease].

HNO · 2026 · PMID 41644838

Menière's disease is a chronic inner ear disorder characterized by recurrent vertigo attacks, tinnitus, and fluctuating hearing loss, which may progress to severe sensorineural hearing impairment in a subset of patients. Since 2015, international consensus criteria distinguish between definite and probable disease. Current therapeutic strategies follow a stepwise approach, ranging from non-ablative to ablative interventions. Cochlear implantation (CI) has emerged as an effective option for auditory rehabilitation a…

Rank97.2
Randomized controlled trialResult signal: null

Frailty phenotype transitions and functional improvements during a supervised exercise trial in older people with HIV: results from the HEALTH Trial.

Age and ageing · 2026 · PMID 42407092

BACKGROUND: Frailty and sarcopenia contribute to functional decline in older people with HIV (PWH), yet intervention data remain limited. We evaluated changes in frailty phenotype status, sarcopenia-related outcomes and functional performance during a supervised exercise trial and assessed associations between baseline frailty, study withdrawal and intervention response. METHODS: The High-Intensity Exercise to Attenuate Limitations and Train Habits in Older Adults with HIV (HEALTH) study randomised sedentary PWH ag…

Rank85.0
Randomized clinical study

Operational strategies among infectious disease clinical trial sites during pandemics: a scoping review.

Trials · 2026 · PMID 41943131

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to examine documented strategies, challenges, and lessons related to clinical trial site operations during pandemics. METHODS: This review focused on seven major pandemics: COVID-19, HIV/AIDS, Ebola, SARS, MERS, H1N1, and Zika. Searches were conducted using PubMed and Embase between September 2024 and February 2025, yielding 7572 unique records. After dual screening, 47 articles met inclusion criteria, with an additional 8 identified through citation searching, for a total of 55. N…

Rank75.6
Multicenter clinical study

Determinants of long-acting cabotegravir plus rilpivirine discontinuation in real-world HIV care: insights from the relativity cohort.

AIDS (London, England) · 2026 · PMID 41805169

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate real-world persistence with long-acting cabotegravir plus rilpivirine (CAB+RPV LA) in a nationwide cohort of virologically suppressed adults, describe the main clinical and structural reasons for discontinuation, and identify predictors of early interruption in routine practice. DESIGN: Ambispective, multicenter cohort study assessing the durability, safety, adherence, and virological outcomes of CAB+RPV LA implementation across 58 Spanish healthcare settings. METHODS: Adults initiating CAB+…

Rank51.7
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Vision-Language Model as a 'Zero-Shot' Assistant for Evaluating Condylar Osseous Changes in Cone-beam Computed Tomography.

International dental journal · 2026 · PMID 42594712

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Interpreting condylar osseous changes on CBCT is challenging for general practitioners. This study evaluated the 'zero-shot' diagnostic performance and utility of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) as AI assistants for detecting condylar abnormalities. METHODS: We analysed 72 CBCT images from the EHPN study for internal validation and constructed a balanced sample of 70 images from the MMDental dataset for external validation, with dual-radiologist consensus as the ground truth. Three frontier VLM…

Rank50.7
Other PubMed-indexed publication

The impact of accumulating immune adaptation in circulating strains of HIV-1.

HIV medicine · 2026 · PMID 41795223

BACKGROUND: Mutations in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) enable the virus to evade recognition and killing by human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-restricted T cells. These viral adaptations are specific to the HLA type of individuals and are therefore evident as HLA allele-HIV sequence associations at the population level. Most studies of HLA associations have been cross-sectional and may not capture selective changes that have accumulated to reach fixation at the population level, with potential impacts on v…

Rank50.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Associations Among Health Literacy, Decision Self-Efficacy, and Decisional Conflict in Stroke Survivor-Caregiver Dyads.

The journal of nursing research : JNR · 2026 · PMID 42363954

BACKGROUND: The cognitive and physical impairments often experienced by stroke survivors make health care decisions challenging for both survivors and their caregivers. Although poststroke care decision-making involves complex factors such as health literacy and decision self-efficacy, research on the interactions among health literacy, decision self-efficacy, and decisional conflict within stroke survivor-caregiver dyads remains limited. PURPOSE: This study was designed to explore the inter-relationships among hea…

Rank49.4
Other PubMed-indexed publication

ComPrEmetidos: A Multidisciplinary Consensus to Transform HIV Prevention in Spain.

AIDS patient care and STDs · 2026 · PMID 42552868

Despite progress in antiretroviral therapy and prevention, HIV remains a major public health challenge in Spain. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a proven and effective prevention strategy, but challenges in access, equity, adherence and persistence limit its population impact. Our aim was to identify current barriers to PrEP adoption in Spain and develop actionable solutions. We conducted a structured consensus process (September 2024-May 2025) with 19 experts from fields including infectious diseases/HIV care, …

Rank48.7
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Determining Ethical Incentives in Biomedical HIV Research: Insights from Researchers, Regulators, and People Living with HIV.

Journal of empirical research on human research ethics : JERHRE · 2026 · PMID 41989200

Incentives are crucial for recruiting and retaining participants in research studies, yet researchers and regulators often struggle to determine appropriate incentives due to ethical concerns and a lack of clear guidelines. We conducted interviews and focus groups with three stakeholder groups-biomedical HIV researchers (n = 12), institutional review board (IRB) members (n = 12), and people living with HIV (PLWH) (n = 69)-to explore their perspectives on incentives and ethical decision-making in biomedical HIV rese…

Rank48.4
Other PubMed-indexed publication

HIV-1 integrase inhibitor resistance in viraemic-treated individuals and baseline capsid diversity relevant to future lenacapavir therapy.

The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2026 · PMID 42708709

BACKGROUND: Dolutegravir (DTG)-based antiretroviral therapy has been widely adopted across sub-Saharan Africa, yet resistance pathways in non-B HIV-1 subtypes remain poorly defined. As lenacapavir (LEN), a long-acting capsid inhibitor, is introduced for prevention and treatment, characterizing baseline capsid variation alongside emerging integrase resistance is increasingly important. Whether DTG resistance pathways coexist with known capsid resistance mutations in West African epidemics remains poorly described. M…

Rank48.2
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Mobile Apps for Tinnitus: Systematic Search in App Stores and Review of Intervention Components and Behavior Change Techniques.

JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2026 · PMID 42155139

BACKGROUND: Previous research suggests that 14.4% of the general population is affected by tinnitus. For some of those affected, the ear noise is bothersome or associated with severe distress. There are various treatment options such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), sound therapy, or hearing aids. In addition to browser-based online interventions, mobile apps have been introduced as novel treatment approaches. Previous studies have identified several apps aimed at supporting users with tinnitus. Yet, knowledg…

Rank48.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Validity, reliability, and readability of Artificial Intelligence chatbots as public sources of information on hearing loss: a comparative evaluation of ChatGPT, Bing, Gemini, and Perplexity.

International journal of audiology · 2026 · PMID 41129664

OBJECTIVE: To assess the validity, reliability and readability of four AI chatbots for hearing-health information. DESIGN AND STUDY SAMPLE: Three audiologists created 100 questions covering adult hearing loss, paediatric hearing, hearing aids, tinnitus and cochlear implants (20 each). Questions were submitted twice to ChatGPT-3.5, Bing AI, Gemini and Perplexity. Answers were scored for factual accuracy and completeness on a five-point Global Quality Score. Validity was defined using low (score = 5) and high (score …

Rank47.5
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Development and genomic characterization of a diverse HIV-1 variant reference panel for nucleic acid-based testing.

Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2026 · PMID 41990403

BACKGROUND: The high worldwide genetic diversity of HIV poses significant challenges for its detection and diagnosis by nucleic acid testing (NAT). Well-characterized reference panels are important for evaluating the analytical performance of HIV tests. OBJECTIVE: To develop a reference panel for HIV NAT that reflects the genetic diversity of circulating strains. STUDY DESIGN: HIV was cultured from blood specimens collected from blood donor and clinical sites in Cameroon. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing in c…

Diagnosis And Screening60 records
Rank101.7
Systematic review or meta-analysis

A systematic review of qualitative research on HIV and food insecurity in high-income countries.

AIDS (London, England) · 2026 · PMID 42186786

OBJECTIVES: Food insecurity leads to adverse health outcomes in people living with HIV, including obesity, poor mental health and viral non-suppression. Qualitative studies in low- and middle-income countries have described the impact of food insecurity on medication adherence. However, limited qualitative research exists on the lived experiences of food insecurity among people living with HIV in high-income countries (HICs). We aimed to synthesize qualitative literature on food insecurity among people living with …

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Diagnostic accuracy of tests for visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease · 2026 · PMID 42424806

This systematic review assessed the diagnostic accuracy of tests for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania infantum in individuals with suspected disease, including people living with HIV and other immunocompromising conditions. Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria, eight of which included VL-HIV coinfected patients. Among immunocompetent individuals, rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and kDNA-PCR showed the highest accuracy compared with parasitological reference methods, with diagnostic odds ratios …

Rank98.9
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Cancer Screening Behaviors among People with HIV in the United States and the Role of Multi-Level Social and Economic Factors: A Systematic Review.

Current epidemiology reports · 2026 · PMID 42694953

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In the US, people with HIV (PWH) are more likely to be diagnosed with cancer at advanced stages, contributing to higher cancer-specific mortality rates. As such, the leading cause of non-AIDS death among PWH is cancer, including cancers with guideline recommended screening as a part of preventative care. Nonmedical drivers of health contribute to poor access to timely cancer screening among PWH. Thus, the purpose of this systematic review is to summarize the available evidence on the relationship…

Rank87.0
Randomized clinical study

Patient decision aids for pain medication management: A scoping review.

Patient education and counseling · 2026 · PMID 42607384

BACKGROUND: Medications are commonly used to manage pain; however, patients may find it challenging to weigh benefits and harms within the context of their own clinical circumstances, goals, and preferences. Patient Decision Aids (PtDAs) can improve knowledge and engagement in health decisions, yet the nature, content, and quality of PtDAs for pain medication management have not been evaluated. OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aimed to identify, describe, and appraise PtDAs for pain medication management, including t…

Rank68.6
Prospective cohort studyResult signal: harm

Persistent or recurrent cervical dysplasia in women with HIV after treatment for high-grade dysplasia in Botswana.

AIDS (London, England) · 2026 · PMID 42186788

OBJECTIVE: To determine histopathologic outcomes 1 year after loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) for CIN2/CIN3 in women living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Botswana and assess whether a 12-month follow-up interval is appropriate. METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study of women with HIV who previously underwent LEEP for confirmed CIN2/CIN3. Participants underwent follow-up approximately 12 months later, either through Ministry of Health or a standardized sub-study protocol, with colp…

Rank65.0
Prospective cohort study

All-cause and cause-specific mortality trends among people with and without HIV in the Siaya health and demographic surveillance system, Kenya, 2011-2018.

Global health action · 2026 · PMID 41782524

BACKGROUND: All-cause mortality among people with HIV (PWH) in sub-Saharan Africa declined after antiretroviral therapy's introduction, but data in rural settings on evolving causes of death as this population age remain limited. OBJECTIVES: To compare all-cause and cause-specific mortality trends among PWH and people without HIV (PWOH) in western Kenya using a prospective cohort study. METHODS: Data from the Siaya Health and Demographic Surveillance System were used to estimate mortality rates from 2011 to 2018 am…

Rank60.0
Observational or cohort study

Exposure to size-specific particulate matter accelerates DNA methylation aging in people with HIV.

AIDS (London, England) · 2026 · PMID 42186779

BACKGROUND: People with HIV (PWH) face accelerated aging and increased health risks, with DNA methylation age (DNAmAge) as a critical senescence biomarker. Particulate matter is linked to DNAmAge acceleration (DNAmAA) in general population, but its impact in PWH remains unstudied. METHODS: Thirty-two PWH from Wuhan, China, were enrolled in a prospective panel study with follow-up, and each participant underwent at least two repeated measurements during the study period. Portable air quality monitor measured PM 1 , …

Rank54.3
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Cannabis use and cannabis use disorder in adults with chronic medical conditions in the United States.

Addictive behaviors · 2026 · PMID 42259090

INTRODUCTION: People with chronic medical conditions are particularly vulnerable to adverse outcomes associated with cannabis use, but research on the correlates of cannabis use and related problems in this population remains limited. This study sought to estimate the prevalence and correlates of cannabis use and cannabis use disorder (CUD) among US adults with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk conditions, respiratory diseases, kidney and liver diseases, and HIV/AIDS. METHODS: Participants were 47,100 adults (aged …

Rank52.2
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Hypocoagulability among people living with HIV at Hoima Regional Referral Hospital, Western Uganda: a cross-sectional study.

HIV research & clinical practice · 2026 · PMID 41863448

BACKGROUND: Coagulation abnormalities are an under-recognized complication among people living with HIV. Despite widespread antiretroviral therapy (ART), hematologic dysfunction, including coagulation and platelet abnormalities, continues to contribute to morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the prevalence, associated factors, and clinical features of hypocoagulability among people with HIV at Hoima Regional Referral Hospital (HRRH). METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study…

Rank51.8
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Healthcare inequity in mpox testing intention: A socioeconomic status-stratified path analysis of medical discrimination and distrust among men who have sex with men in China.

Global health research and policy · 2026 · PMID 42199217

BACKGROUND: Global mpox outbreaks have exposed healthcare inequities in testing accessibility. Socioeconomic disparities and medical discrimination and distrust influence testing service utilization among vulnerable populations. We examined how medical discrimination and distrust affect testing intention across socioeconomic strata among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. METHODS: We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional study across six regions of China (November 2023 to March 2024). MSM aged ≥ 18 years wh…

Rank51.2
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Leveraging existing high-throughput HIV platforms for molecular Mycobacterium tuberculosis testing in Busia, Kenya: Cost and operational insights.

Journal of medical economics · 2026 · PMID 42421287

AIMS: High costs and supply chain disruptions pose real-world challenges to the implementation of decentralized molecular platforms for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) detection in resource-limited settings. This study evaluated the cost, feasibility, and acceptability of integrating Cobas MTB and MTB-RIF/INH assays (Roche Diagnostics GmBH, Mannheim, Germany) into high-throughput HIV workflows using the Cobas 8800 system in Busia County, Kenya. METHODS: Sample and testing volume data were collected from Port Victo…

Rank50.6
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Short-term neurocognitive changes among people living with HIV assessed using the International HIV Dementia Scale.

Journal of neuroimmunology · 2026 · PMID 42302499

BACKGROUND: Neurocognitive dysfunction remains an important complication among people living with HIV (PLWH). Early identification of neurocognitive dysfunction by using the International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS) may help in the prevention of functional decline and poor treatment adherence. However, data on longitudinal changes in IHDS among PLWH are limited. METHODS: This prospective longitudinal study was conducted among adult PLWH attending an ART centre. Neurocognitive function was assessed using the IHDS at b…

Rank50.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Utility of the brief Patient Health Questionnaire-2 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 screeners for depression and generalized anxiety symptom identification in people with human immunodeficiency virus.

HIV research & clinical practice · 2026 · PMID 41566210

BACKGROUND: Despite recommendations for routine mental health screening in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care settings, screening uptake remains low. The brief Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 (GAD-2) are validated screeners for depression and anxiety symptoms with potential for integration into HIV primary care. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify the optimal cut-off points for the PHQ-2 and GAD-2 among people with HIV at risk for mental health disorders (MHD) in com…

Rank49.9
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Mental health and substance use among women frequenting high-risk venues in Haiphong, Vietnam: findings from an adapted PLACE survey.

The International journal on drug policy · 2026 · PMID 42607575

BACKGROUND: Women frequenting social environments characterized by sex work, alcohol and substance use are vulnerable to substance use and mental health problems, particularly in settings where these behaviors are stigmatized and criminalized. OBJECTIVE: To assess the mental health and substance use risks of women who frequent venues characterized by alcohol consumption, substance use and transactional sex in Haiphong, Vietnam. METHOD: Between October 2025 and February 2026, we adapted the Priorities for Local AIDS…

Rank48.6
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Exploratory assessment of nutrient-related food-frequency proxy measures among people with HIV by secondary chronic condition status.

HIV research & clinical practice · 2026 · PMID 42730751

BACKGROUND: As people living with HIV live longer, secondary chronic conditions are increasingly common. Although nutrition important in HIV care, limited data describe nutrient-related dietary patterns among people with HIV and specific chronic conditions. OBJECTIVE: To conduct an exploratory assessment of researcher-developed nutrient-related food-frequency proxy measures among people with HIV by secondary chronic condition status. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 64 people with HIV receiving services…

Rank48.5
Other PubMed-indexed publicationResult signal: null

Dynamics of anal HPV infection after 9vHPV vaccination in men who have sex with men (MSM) with HIV: A prospective, controlled cohort study.

Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026 · PMID 41586588

Men who have sex with men (MSM) with HIV are disproportionately affected by persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and related anogenital cancers. No controlled trial has evaluated the efficacy of the nonavalent HPV vaccine (9vHPV) in this population. This prospective, controlled cohort study offered eligible MSM with HIV a 3-dose 9vHPV series and followed both the vaccinated group (vaccinees) and the unvaccinated group (controls). Anal specimens were collected for HPV genotyping, cytology, and microbiota…

Rank48.2
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Proportion and characteristics of bone marrow dysplasia in advanced HIV infection.

Hematology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026 · PMID 41631403

PURPOSE: This study aims to determine the proportion of bone marrow dysplasia in advance of HIV infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on advanced HIV patients, stage III and IV, with cytopenia at Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, from January 2021 to November 2023. Patient characteristics and laboratory data were obtained from patients diagnosed with HIV stages III and IV who presented with cytopenia and underwent bone marrow examinations, as documented in the medical records…

Rank48.0
Other PubMed-indexed publicationResult signal: harm

Human papillomavirus persistence and clearance in women living with HIV: A five-year retrospective analysis from an Italian university center.

Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026 · PMID 42347691

INTRODUCTION: Human papillomavirus infection is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections worldwide. Women living with HIV are at increased risk of acquiring and developing persistent infection with high-risk HPV genotypes, leading to higher rates of cervical dysplasia and cancer. However, limited data are available regarding the timing and determinants of HPV clearance in this population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a retrospective, single-center study including women living with HIV with confirm…

Rank48.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Prospective concordance of multidetector CT angiography and digital subtraction angiography in assessing bronchial artery morphology for hemoptysis embolization outcomes.

The Libyan journal of medicine · 2026 · PMID 41676934

Hemoptysis, often life-threatening in its massive form, is predominantly caused by bronchial artery pathology. Bronchial artery embolization (BAE) is the established first-line intervention, yet the relationship between bronchial artery morphology and embolization outcomes remains insufficiently defined. This prospective pilot study aimed to assess the association between bronchial artery anatomical features and short-term outcomes following BAE, and to evaluate concordance between computed tomography (CT) angiogra…

Rank47.8
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Diagnostic performance of a field-deployable iiPCR platform and viral load dynamics of MPXV Clade IIb in a cohort with high prevalence of HIV.

Annals of medicine · 2026 · PMID 42596891

BACKGROUND: Since 2022, the global outbreak of Mpox caused by the Mpox virus (MPXV) Clade IIb has underscored the need for timely and decentralized molecular diagnostics. Although quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) remains the diagnostic gold standard, its infrastructure requirements may limit accessibility in resource-constrained settings. Insulated isothermal PCR (iiPCR) represents a potential field-deployable alternative; however, clinical validation data for MPXV remains limited. METHODS: We prospectively enroll…

Rank47.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

A review into the recent advances in the world of amoebiasis.

Current opinion in infectious diseases · 2026 · PMID 42619310

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Amoebiasis is a parasitic infection caused by Entamoeba histolytica , affecting 10% of the global population. It is a well recognized cause of morbidity and mortality in low-middle-income countries where it is endemic. However, with increased migration and global travel, amoebiasis is now more common in high-income countries, although diagnosis is often delayed or even missed due to lack of awareness of the latest epidemiology and optimal diagnostic testing. This review discusses the evolving pre…

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Emerging importance of bio-bank for precision diagnostics and research in neuroinfections - a narrative review.

Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease · 2026 · PMID 42470742

The diagnosis of neuroinfectious diseases, including Tuberculous Meningitis (TBM), viral encephalitis, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), and post COVID-19 neurological syndromes, remains challenging due to limited surveillance, non-specific symptoms, inadequate laboratory sensitivity, and restricted availability of high-quality CSF or tissue specimens. The critical need for early and precise diagnosis and the development of reliable, validated biomarkers highlight the importance of biospecimen-driven approaches t…

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Barriers and facilitators of cardiovascular disease prevention among people with HIV in the Southern United States: a photo-elicitation study.

HIV research & clinical practice · 2026 · PMID 42675010

BACKGROUND: As progress toward the UNAIDS 95-95-95 goals has transformed HIV into a chronic, manageable condition, cardiometabolic disease has emerged as a critical determinant of long-term health among people living with HIV. Despite effective antiretroviral therapy, people with HIV remain at elevated risk for hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, while HIV care models often prioritize viral suppression over integrated cardiovascular prevention. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the social and s…

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Nurse-led shared decision making with patients: A scoping review.

International journal of nursing studies · 2026 · PMID 42424661

BACKGROUND: Shared decision making has gained increasing attention as part of person-centred care. However, research on shared decision making has largely focused on physician-patient interactions, and little is known about nurse-led shared decision making between nurses and patients. PURPOSE: To identify and synthesise empirical evidence on nurse-led shared decision making with patients or families, examining: 1) contexts and decision types, 2) intervention components, 3) reported outcomes and experiences, and 4) …

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Discrimination, chronic stress, and multimorbidity in cohort of Black and Latina transgender women with HIV: Longitudinal findings from the LITE Plus study.

Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2026 · PMID 42447675

Black and Latina transgender women with HIV (BLTWH) are exposed to repeated, intersecting discrimination based on race, gender, and serostatus. Minority stress theory conceptualizes discrimination as minority-specific stressors that drive health inequities. Allostatic load theory posits a pathway between discrimination and chronic disease through multisystem physiological dysregulation caused by chronic stress. To test this pathway, a longitudinal cohort of 108 BLTWH, enrolled December 2020 - June 2022 in Boston, N…

Evidence Syntheses60 records
Rank110.0
Clinical guideline or consensus statement

Belgian guidance 2026 on management of pregnancy and breastfeeding in women living with HIV and their infants.

European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology · 2026 · PMID 42468119

INTRODUCTION: In 2021, a call was made to write a guidance for the management of pregnancy in women living with HIV (WLWH) in Belgium. METHODS: The call was sent to BREACH (Belgium Research on AIDS and HIV Consortium), a network of Belgian HIV Reference Centers, Laboratories and interest organizations in the field of HIV. The first working group (30 healthcare workers from 13 institutions) reviewed literature and had online discussions. This Guidance is an expert consensus document designed to answer real life clin…

Rank109.9
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Prevalence of opportunistic fungal infections (candidiasis and cryptococcal meningitis) among HIV-positive individuals in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA compliant).

Medicine · 2026 · PMID 42629665

BACKGROUND: Individuals with compromised immune systems, particularly those living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), face an elevated risk of opportunistic fungal infections (OFIs), including candidiasis and cryptococcal meningitis. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of OFIs among HIV-positive individuals across different regions of Ethiopia. METHODS: English-language articles were identified through a comprehensive search of online databases, including ScienceD…

Rank108.6
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Evidence for the efficacy and safety of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in all populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

AIDS care · 2026 · PMID 41628281

PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) is a medication used to prevent HIV infection, with the combination of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and emtricitabine (FTC) being the most commonly used formulation. This review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PrEP across various populations based on recent studies. Studies published in English, Portuguese, or Spanish from 2018 to 2023 that provided data on HIV incidence or adverse events (AEs) associated with PrEP use were included. Two meta-analyses were conducte…

Rank108.4
Systematic review or meta-analysis

The impact of HIV coinfection on mpox patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Emerging microbes & infections · 2026 · PMID 42461714

A substantial proportion of mpox cases occur in people with HIV, but how HIV coinfection and immune status affect clinical outcomes remains unclear. We systematically searched major databases up to March 2025 for observational studies comparing mpox patients with and without HIV coinfection. Pooled effect sizes were calculated using random-effects models. Risk ratios (RRs) or standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals were used for dichotomous or continuous outcomes. Post hoc subgroup analys…

Rank108.3
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Immunogenicity and safety of prophylactic HPV vaccines in people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026 · PMID 42684271

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major global public health concern, causing genital warts and cancers of the cervix, anus, oropharynx, vulva, and penis. People living with HIV (PLWH) face a disproportionately elevated burden of HPV infection and HPV-related malignancies due to chronic immunosuppression. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis searching six databases from January 2006 to June 2026 without language restrictions. Twenty-five studies were included in the systematic review; 12 independent stu…

Rank108.2
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Quality of Life in Children With Cochlear Implants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Different Quality of Life Domains.

Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2026 · PMID 42525886

PURPOSE: The primary objective of this study was to assess the quality of life (QoL) in children with cochlear implants (CIs) from the children's and parents' perspectives through utilizing the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) and KINDL questionnaires. A secondary objective was to compare the QoL of children with CIs to those using hearing aids and to children with normal hearing (NH). METHOD: A total of 1,830 records were obtained since the search was systematically carried out across databases, which …

Rank108.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Patient Decision Aids for Women With Urinary Incontinence: A Systematic Review.

Urogynecology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026 · PMID 42165445

IMPORTANCE: Across the urinary incontinence (UI) care continuum, women face multiple decision points from seeking an evaluation to selecting and pursuing treatment. Patient decision aids (PDAs) may facilitate decision making for UI care. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to evaluate the availability, effectiveness, and quality of PDAs for women with UI. STUDY DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. MEDLI…

Rank107.8
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Incidence of neonatal sepsis among HIV exposed neonates of mothers on integrase strand transfer inhibitors in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BMC infectious diseases · 2026 · PMID 42601609

INTRODUCTION: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-exposed infants face elevated risks of neonatal sepsis, influenced by maternal antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens. Dolutegravir (DTG), a widely used integrase transfer inhibitor (INSTI), and the preferred first line drugs for management of HIV in pregnancy, has shown potential adverse effects such as hyperglycaemia, which may impact neonatal outcomes including risk of neonatal sepsis. We estimated the pooled incidence of neonatal sepsis among neonates exposed to I…

Rank107.7
Systematic review or meta-analysis

The relationship between digit ratio (2D:4D) and autoimmune diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Early human development · 2026 · PMID 42034071

OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between the second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) and autoimmune diseases (AIDs). METHODS: Relevant studies were retrieved from multiple databases up to October 2025. The 2D:4D ratio of both hands (2D:4D R + L), right hand minus left hand (ΔR - L 2D:4D), right hand (2D:4D R), left hand (2D:4D L), and Type 3 finger pattern (index finger shorter than the ring finger) were extracted. The pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) and odds ratio (OR) with their respective 95% confide…

Rank107.1
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Efficacy and safety of doravirine/islatravir for HIV-1: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

HIV research & clinical practice · 2026 · PMID 42400399

BACKGROUND: The combination of doravirine and islatravir (DOR/ISL) is a novel two-drug regimen for HIV-1. Early development faced challenges due to dose-dependent immunological signals. We aimed to synthesize the evidence on the efficacy and safety of DOR/ISL across all treatment-experience categories, specifically evaluating the impact of islatravir dosage (0.25 mg vs 0.75 mg) on clinical and immunological outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) …

Rank106.7
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Hearing aids for mild to moderate hearing loss in adults.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026 · PMID 42644645

RATIONALE: This is an update of an existing review. The main clinical intervention for mild to moderate hearing loss is the provision of hearing aids, which amplify speech in addition to environmental sounds. Hearing aids are routinely offered and fitted to those who seek help for hearing difficulties. Since the previous 2017 review, further randomised-controlled trials (RCTs) have been published. This review updates the certainty of the evidence and assesses two additional outcomes: mental health and cognition. OB…

Rank106.4
Systematic review or meta-analysis

A Meta-Analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drug Resistance in Pakistan.

Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP · 2026 · PMID 42698251

Human immunodeficiency virus drug resistance (HIVDR) creates a threat to the extended success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) while making it harder to control the HIV epidemic. In this study, a meta-analysis was conducted to analyse Pakistani studies from 2015 to 2025 that documented HIVDR prevalence and resistance-associated mutations (RAMs). The review included studies that analysed ART-experienced and ART- naive participants with available sequencing data. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to estimat…

Rank106.1
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Prevalence of HIV-associated nephropathy in children: a systematic review with meta-analysis of studies published between 2004 and 2019.

Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026 · PMID 41649528

INTRODUCTION: Despite major advances in antiretroviral therapy, HIV infection remains a significant global public health challenge. HIV can directly affect the kidneys, leading to HIV-associated nephropathy in children, a condition characterized by proteinuria, elevated serum creatinine, and kidney enlargement. HIV-associated nephropathy is a serious complication that may progress to kidney failure and death. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of HIV-associated nephropathy in children. METHODS: We searched PubMe…

Rank106.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

A global overview of microsporidia infection in HIV/AIDS patients: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

International health · 2026 · PMID 41601338

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to update the global estimates of microsporidia prevalence, species/genotype distribution and clinical correlates among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. METHODS: A systematic search of international databases was conducted for studies published between 1 January 2017 and 11 October 2025. Pooled prevalence and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using a random effects model with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Thirty-nine studi…

Rank105.6
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Cervical length surveillance for predicting spontaneous preterm birth in women with congenital uterine anomalies: A systematic review and diagnostic accuracy meta-analysis.

European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology · 2026 · PMID 42541967

BACKGROUND: The role of transvaginal cervical length surveillance in predicting spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) in women with congenital uterine anomalies (CUA) remains unclear. This study is a systematic review and diagnostic accuracy meta-analysis of its predictive value in this population. METHODS: A literature review of MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library was conducted from inception to December 2025. Observational studies assessing second-trimester cervical length measurement in pregnant women with CUAs were…

Rank105.6
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases among ART-naïve people with HIV: A global systematic review and meta-analysis.

HIV medicine · 2026 · PMID 42091237

INTRODUCTION: The burden of cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) is rising in people with HIV (PWH). While extensive data exist on CMD prevalence in PWH receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), comprehensive data on ART-naïve PWH are scarce. We aimed to estimate the global prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, obesity and dyslipidaemia among ART-naïve PWH and compare estimates with those on ART and HIV-negative populations. METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis included a search of PubMed-MEDLINE, CINAHL, SCO…

Rank105.4
Systematic review or meta-analysisResult signal: null

Assistive technologies (lumbar supports and other devices) for treating chronic low back pain.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026 · PMID 42680183

RATIONALE: Low back pain (LBP) is a major global health problem. It is the most common cause of activity limitation amongst individuals younger than 45 years, and one of the most frequent reasons for visits to a doctor. The 2019 Global Burden of Disease study named LBP as the leading cause of the need for rehabilitation, estimated to affect 568 million people. Its socioeconomic burden is substantial, with LBP-related costs from productivity loss and healthcare services utilisation making a significant impact on nat…

Rank105.1
Systematic review or meta-analysisResult signal: null

Clinical Relevance of the 516 G>T Polymorphism in CYP2B6 and Its Effects on Efavirenz Concentrations in Patients with HIV and Tuberculosis: A Meta-analysis.

European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2026 · PMID 42337190

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Efavirenz is associated with frequent adverse effects, mainly hepatotoxicity and central nervous system disturbances. The cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP2B6 plays a key role in efavirenz metabolism and is strongly linked to these toxicities. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the CYP2B6 c.516 G>T polymorphism on efavirenz plasma concentrations by comparing individuals with GG, GT, and TT genotypes. METHODS: A systematic review of four databases was conducted to identify studies publishe…

Rank105.1
Systematic review or meta-analysis

The benefit of physical exercise in improving quality of life, VO2 max and sleep quality among older adults living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Geriatric nursing (New York, N.Y.) · 2026 · PMID 42365772

BACKGROUND: Older adults living with HIV face multiple health challenges, yet evidence on the impact of exercise on their well-being remains limited. Regular physical activity is known to have multiple benefits in general aging population, but its specific benefits for those with HIV are less established. AIM: This review assessed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of physical exercise on quality of life, VO₂ max, and sleep quality among seniors with HIV. METHODS: A systematic search was …

Rank103.4
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Interventions to improve viral suppression and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

The lancet. HIV · 2026 · PMID 42556371

BACKGROUND: In 2025, 78% of people living with HIV worldwide were on antiretroviral therapy 95% of people on treatment were virally suppressed. Suboptimal adherence, defined as not taking interventions as prescribed, threatens viral suppression and can lead to antiviral resistance, morbidity, mortality, and transmission. We updated a systematic review and network meta-analysis to estimate the effects of different adherence interventions on adherence and viral suppression. METHODS: In this systematic review and netw…

Rank103.1
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Conversation aids with absolute estimates and certainty of evidence to elicit people's perspectives on reducing saturated fat intake: a cross‑sectional regional survey in 7 countries.

Polish archives of internal medicine · 2026 · PMID 42138458

INTRODUCTION: Patients are increasingly recognized as key interest holders in health care decision‑making. Integrating patient perspective is crucial to patient‑centered, evidence‑based nutrition guideline recommendations. OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to examine individual willingness to decrease consumption of foods high in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) after being informed about the estimated absolute risk reduction (ARR) of myocardial infarction (MI), together with the certainty of the supporting evidence based on a C…

Rank102.8
Systematic review or meta-analysisResult signal: harm

Tuberculosis in children who are HIV-exposed uninfected.

AIDS (London, England) · 2026 · PMID 42138367

OBJECTIVES: 1.3 million children are born each year to mothers with HIV but remain HIV-uninfected; more than 70% of these children live in settings with high tuberculosis (TB) burden. Whether children who are HIV-exposed uninfected (cHEU) are at increased risk of TB infection and disease is debated. DESIGN: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of TB infection and disease in cHEU versus children who are HIV-unexposed uninfected (cHUU) and children with HIV (CWH). METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, We…

Rank101.7
Systematic review or meta-analysis

A systematic review of qualitative research on HIV and food insecurity in high-income countries.

AIDS (London, England) · 2026 · PMID 42186786

OBJECTIVES: Food insecurity leads to adverse health outcomes in people living with HIV, including obesity, poor mental health and viral non-suppression. Qualitative studies in low- and middle-income countries have described the impact of food insecurity on medication adherence. However, limited qualitative research exists on the lived experiences of food insecurity among people living with HIV in high-income countries (HICs). We aimed to synthesize qualitative literature on food insecurity among people living with …

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Diagnostic accuracy of tests for visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease · 2026 · PMID 42424806

This systematic review assessed the diagnostic accuracy of tests for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania infantum in individuals with suspected disease, including people living with HIV and other immunocompromising conditions. Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria, eight of which included VL-HIV coinfected patients. Among immunocompetent individuals, rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and kDNA-PCR showed the highest accuracy compared with parasitological reference methods, with diagnostic odds ratios …

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Attributable Fraction of Epstein-Barr Virus in Subtypes of Lymphoma: A Systematic Review and Global Meta-Analysis.

International journal of cancer · 2026 · PMID 41947331

There is evidence for a causal role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a known carcinogen, in an increasing number of lymphoma subtypes, but a systematic evaluation of EBV attributable fraction is lacking. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of EBV prevalence in lymphoma subtypes from 1990 to 2024, stratified by HIV status and geographical region. For each subtype, we calculated pooled prevalence and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of EBV, measured by EBV-encoded RNA in situ hybridisation. 307…

Landmark Evidence71 records
Rank112.0
Clinical guideline or consensus statement

Fostering healthy cognitive ageing in people living with HIV.

The lancet. HIV · 2025 · PMID 39615509

Prevalence and incidence of HIV among people aged 50 years and older continue to rise worldwide, generating increasing awareness among care providers, scientists, and the HIV community about the importance of brain health in older adults with HIV. Many age-related factors that adversely affect brain health can occur earlier and more often among people with HIV, including epigenetic ageing, chronic medical conditions (eg, cardiovascular disease), and age-related syndromes (eg, frailty). Extensive dialogue between HI…

Rank108.5
Systematic review or meta-analysis

What is polypharmacy in people living with HIV/AIDS? A systematic review.

AIDS research and therapy · 2022 · PMID 35918746

Polypharmacy in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) is a rising morbidity that exacts hefty economic burden on health budgets in addition to other adverse clinical outcomes. Despite recent advances, uncertainty remains around its exact definition in PLWHA. In this systematic review and Meta-analysis, we explored relevant databases (PUBMED, EMBASE, CROI) for studies evaluating polypharmacy in PLWHA from January 2000 to August 2021 to ascertain the exact numerical threshold that defines this morbidity. Two independen…

Rank108.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Effectiveness of conditional cash transfers for uptake and retention in HIV prevention of mother-to-child transmission services in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

JBI evidence synthesis · 2025 · PMID 40539478

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize the best available evidence on the effectiveness of conditional cash transfers for the uptake and retention in prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services among pregnant and/or breastfeeding women with HIV in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). INTRODUCTION: Regardless of the effectiveness of PMTCT services, uptake and retention in such services remains low in LMICs. Conditional cash transfers are considered an important stra…

Rank107.9
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Lenacapavir as pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026 · PMID 41919720

RATIONALE: Globally, there are 1.3 million new HIV infections annually, with a disproportionate burden on young women and girls, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (63% of new infections). Despite the demonstrated effectiveness of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), global uptake remains low, reaching only 16.5% of the UNAIDS 2025 target. PrEP adherence is suboptimal in vulnerable populations. There is an urgent need to develop and implement alternative, user-friendly PrEP strategies like long-acting formulations that m…

Rank107.3
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Estimated global and regional causes of deaths from diarrhoea in children younger than 5 years during 2000-21: a systematic review and Bayesian multinomial analysis.

The Lancet. Global health · 2024 · PMID 38648812

BACKGROUND: Information on the causes of deaths from diarrhoea in children younger than 5 years is needed to design improved preventive and therapeutic approaches. We aimed to conduct a systematic analysis of studies to report estimates of the causes of deaths from diarrhoea in children younger than 5 years at global and regional levels during 2000-21. METHODS: For this systematic review and Bayesian multinomial analysis, we included 12 pathogens with the highest attributable incidence in the Global Enteric Multice…

Rank107.3
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Antiviral therapy for cytomegalovirus retinitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Survey of ophthalmology · 2025 · PMID 39549781

Cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) is a significant cause of blindness in patients with advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). There are no established guidelines for its treatment, resulting in varied antiviral approaches. We pooled data from 59 studies (4501 patients) to evaluate treatment variations and outcomes (CRD42022321088). Overall pooled estimates showed visual acuity improvement at 18 % (95 % CI: 7-41 %), inflammation resolution at 90 % (95 % CI: 81-95 %), retinal detachment at 11 % (95 % CI: …

Rank107.0
Systematic review or meta-analysisResult signal: harm

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Incident Heart Failure: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies.

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2021 · PMID 33492019

OBJECTIVES: To systematically analyze available prospective evidence on the association between HIV infection and incident heart failure (HF). METHODS: A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and manual search of relevant articles through June 1st, 2020, was conducted. Two authors independently performed full-text assessments and data extraction. The pooled relative risk with 95% confidence interval was estimated using DerSimonian and Laird random-effects models, with inverse-variance fixed-effects m…

Rank106.7
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Hearing aids for mild to moderate hearing loss in adults.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026 · PMID 42644645

RATIONALE: This is an update of an existing review. The main clinical intervention for mild to moderate hearing loss is the provision of hearing aids, which amplify speech in addition to environmental sounds. Hearing aids are routinely offered and fitted to those who seek help for hearing difficulties. Since the previous 2017 review, further randomised-controlled trials (RCTs) have been published. This review updates the certainty of the evidence and assesses two additional outcomes: mental health and cognition. OB…

Rank104.8
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Executive function in HIV-affected children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analyses.

AIDS care · 2021 · PMID 33764813

This review aimed to determine: whether EF is affected in children and adolescents (2-24-years-old) with perinatal HIV infection, perinatal HIV exposure without infection, and behaviourally acquired HIV. A systematic review (PROSPERO number: CRD42017067813) was conducted using 11 electronic databases (01.01.1981-09.07.2019) and 8 conference websites. Primary quantitative studies with EF scores on cognitive tasks and/or behavioural report measures were included. Meta-analyses were performed by EF subtype and subpopu…

Rank103.8
Systematic review or meta-analysisResult signal: harm

A Systematic Review of Risk Factors for Suicide Among Persons Living with HIV (1996-2020).

AIDS and behavior · 2022 · PMID 35107660

Persons living with HIV (PWH) are at elevated risk for suicide. We conducted a systematic literature review following PRISMA-P guidelines to examine risk factors associated with suicide as a cause of morbidity among PWH. We searched six electronic databases using search terms (suicide, suicide attempt, self-harm, self-injurious behavior, HIV, AIDS, PWH). We focused on factors that were specific to HIV infection (CD4 count, HIV-1 RNA, and antiretroviral therapy [ART]). The initial search yielded N = 2657 studies. El…

Rank103.8
Systematic review or meta-analysisResult signal: mixed

Isoniazid preventive therapy plus antiretroviral therapy for the prevention of tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data.

The lancet. HIV · 2021 · PMID 33387480

BACKGROUND: Isoniazid preventive therapy prevents active tuberculosis in people with HIV, but previous studies have found no evidence of benefit in people with HIV who had a negative tuberculin skin test, and a non-significant effect on mortality. We aimed to estimate the effect of isoniazid preventive therapy given with antiretroviral therapy (ART) for the prevention of tuberculosis and death among people with HIV across population subgroups. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane database, and conferen…

Rank103.3
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Communicating empathy sympathy and compassion in healthcare consultations: a systematic review of applied linguistic research.

BMC health services research · 2026 · PMID 42120983

BACKGROUND: Communicating with empathy is an essential skill for healthcare professionals (HCPs). However, current communication training curricula fail to show how empathy communication is done, hindering the effectiveness of this training. This systematic review synthesizes applied linguistic research that shows how empathy is communicated, and what functions empathy communication serves. METHOD: We included research that analysed naturalistic recorded interactions between HCPs and patients in all healthcare sett…

Rank102.8
Systematic review or meta-analysisResult signal: harm

Tuberculosis in children who are HIV-exposed uninfected.

AIDS (London, England) · 2026 · PMID 42138367

OBJECTIVES: 1.3 million children are born each year to mothers with HIV but remain HIV-uninfected; more than 70% of these children live in settings with high tuberculosis (TB) burden. Whether children who are HIV-exposed uninfected (cHEU) are at increased risk of TB infection and disease is debated. DESIGN: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of TB infection and disease in cHEU versus children who are HIV-unexposed uninfected (cHUU) and children with HIV (CWH). METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, We…

Rank102.5
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Mental health and retention in HIV care: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2018 · PMID 29781655

OBJECTIVE: Mental health (MH) diagnoses, which are prevalent among persons living with HIV infection, might be linked to failed retention in HIV care. This review synthesized the quantitative evidence regarding associations between MH diagnoses or symptoms and retention in HIV care, as well as determined if MH service utilization (MHSU) is associated with improved retention in HIV care. METHOD: A comprehensive search of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's HIV/AIDS Prevention Research Synthesis database…

Rank102.2
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Effects of targeted interventions on HIV testing, knowledge and sexual risk behaviours among long-distance truck drivers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BMJ open · 2026 · PMID 42457421

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to systematically summarise and quantify the empirical evidence on targeted interventions and their effects on various HIV prevention outcomes for long-distance truck drivers (LDTDs) globally. DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: We searched PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC), Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), ProQuest Central, EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect, World Health Organisation (Global Index Medicus), Cochrane Library, Scientific Electronic Lib…

Rank102.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Hearing-Functioning Problems Across High-Burden Adult Health Conditions in Africa.

International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026 · PMID 42652290

Hearing-functioning problems contribute substantially to disability and rehabilitation needs globally; however, evidence describing the range and interconnected nature of these problems across African populations remains fragmented. This study aimed to describe hearing-functioning problems associated with high-burden adult health conditions across African populations using data from the Rehab4All database. A secondary exploratory analysis was conducted using data extracted from a large Africa-wide scoping review of…

Rank101.7
Systematic review or meta-analysisResult signal: harmCorrection flagged

Estimates of the global burden of cervical cancer associated with HIV.

The Lancet. Global health · 2021 · PMID 33212031

BACKGROUND: HIV enhances human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced carcinogenesis. However, the contribution of HIV to cervical cancer burden at a population level has not been quantified. We aimed to investigate cervical cancer risk among women living with HIV and to estimate the global cervical cancer burden associated with HIV. METHODS: We did a systematic literature search and meta-analysis of five databases (PubMed, Embase, Global Health [CABI.org], Web of Science, and Global Index Medicus) to identify studies analys…

Rank100.9
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Behavioral Interventions Targeting Alcohol Use Among People Living with HIV/AIDS: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

AIDS and behavior · 2017 · PMID 28831609

Alcohol use is often reported among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and is associated with increased sexual risk and poor medication adherence. This meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of behavioral interventions addressing alcohol use among PLWHA. Twenty-one studies (N = 8461 PLWHA) that evaluated an individual-level intervention addressing alcohol use alone or as part of a more comprehensive alcohol/HIV intervention, included a control condition, and were available through December 2016 were included. Indepe…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Dermatological manifestation of HIV infection: systematic review and meta-analysis.

BMC infectious diseases · 2025 · PMID 41162862

INTRODUCTION: Since its discovery in 1981, AIDS has become a significant global public health issue, impacting more than 38 million people worldwide with HIV. Despite a 32% reduction in new HIV infections since 2010, millions continue to be affected, often experiencing dermatological problems. This study aims to examine the epidemiology of these dermatological issues in HIV patients by reviewing existing research. METHODS: We conducted an extensive search across MEDLINE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and grey lit…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

HIV infection and esophageal cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa: a comprehensive meta-analysis.

AIDS reviews · 2024 · PMID 38530745

Africa hosts the highest burden of esophageal cancer (49%) and HIV (60%) worldwide. It is imperative to investigate the synergistic impact of these two diseases on African populations. This study conducted an exhaustive computerized search of databases, including Medline/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane library, and African Journals Online, to identify eligible studies up to October 2023. HIV infection was the exposure, esophageal cancer risk was the outcome, and healthy subjects with no cancer hist…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Efficacy of substances containing 3 types of active ingredients-saponins, flavones, and alkaloids in regulation of cytokines in autoimmune diseases a systematic review and Meta-analysis based on animal studies.

Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan · 2024 · PMID 38767625

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of substances containing 3 types of active ingredients-saponins, flavones, and alkaloids on experimental animals with autoimmune diseases (AIDs). METHODS: The protocol for this systematic review and Meta-analysis was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023395741). Searches were conducted in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, Chinese Science and Technology Journals, China Biomedical, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases to screen for animal…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

The role of pictograms in improving patients' medication adherence: a systematic review.

BMC health services research · 2026 · PMID 42374421

BACKGROUND: Poor medication adherence remains a significant public health issue. Although pictograms are established as intuitive visual aids for medication guidance, a current evidence synthesis is lacking, particularly regarding their role in the rapidly advancing digital health landscape. OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the potential effect of pictograms on patients' medication adherence and exploring implications for the digital health era. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Lib…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Systematic Review of Preferences for Preexposure Prophylaxis Among Persons Assigned Male at Birth in the United States.

The Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care : JANAC · 2026 · PMID 42214698

Despite proven HIV prevention efficacy, preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake among individuals assigned-male-at-birth remains suboptimal; understanding their preferences is crucial. We conducted PRISMA-guided systematic review of stated-preference methods (i.e., discrete choice experiments [DCEs]; best-worst-scale [BWS], adaptive choice-based conjoint analysis [ACBCA]) through November 21, 2024. Of 648 records, 10 met inclusion (eight DCEs and two ACBCAs); all enrolled men who have sex with men (MSM; no studies wi…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysisResult signal: null

Post-migration HIV acquisition: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Epidemiology and infection · 2024 · PMID 38425215

Migrants in Europe face a disproportionate burden of HIV infection; however, it remains unclear if this can be prevented through public health interventions in host countries. We undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate post-migration HIV acquisition (PMHA) as a proportion of all HIV cases in European migrants. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, HMIC, and Cochrane Library were searched with terms capturing 'HIV', 'migration', and 'Europe'. Data relating to the proportion of HIV acquired following mi…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Adaptive systems for cognitive impairments: a systematic review of current trends and future directions.

Disability and rehabilitation. Assistive technology · 2026 · PMID 41778550

PURPOSE: Cognitive impairment is a common disorder that affects individuals across different age groups and cognitive abilities, posing a significant challenge for software designers and developers of inclusive and accessible information and communication technology (ICT). Adaptive systems emerged as a solution for providing ICT solutions that provide personalised sessions tailored to the user's cognitive abilities. This review aims to investigate the current state of adaptive systems designed for users with cognit…

Most Effective Evidence Supported Treatments60 records
Rank110.0
Clinical guideline or consensus statement

Belgian guidance 2026 on management of pregnancy and breastfeeding in women living with HIV and their infants.

European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology · 2026 · PMID 42468119

INTRODUCTION: In 2021, a call was made to write a guidance for the management of pregnancy in women living with HIV (WLWH) in Belgium. METHODS: The call was sent to BREACH (Belgium Research on AIDS and HIV Consortium), a network of Belgian HIV Reference Centers, Laboratories and interest organizations in the field of HIV. The first working group (30 healthcare workers from 13 institutions) reviewed literature and had online discussions. This Guidance is an expert consensus document designed to answer real life clin…

Rank108.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Patient Decision Aids for Women With Urinary Incontinence: A Systematic Review.

Urogynecology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026 · PMID 42165445

IMPORTANCE: Across the urinary incontinence (UI) care continuum, women face multiple decision points from seeking an evaluation to selecting and pursuing treatment. Patient decision aids (PDAs) may facilitate decision making for UI care. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to evaluate the availability, effectiveness, and quality of PDAs for women with UI. STUDY DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. MEDLI…

Rank107.1
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Efficacy and safety of doravirine/islatravir for HIV-1: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

HIV research & clinical practice · 2026 · PMID 42400399

BACKGROUND: The combination of doravirine and islatravir (DOR/ISL) is a novel two-drug regimen for HIV-1. Early development faced challenges due to dose-dependent immunological signals. We aimed to synthesize the evidence on the efficacy and safety of DOR/ISL across all treatment-experience categories, specifically evaluating the impact of islatravir dosage (0.25 mg vs 0.75 mg) on clinical and immunological outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) …

Rank106.4
Systematic review or meta-analysis

A Meta-Analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drug Resistance in Pakistan.

Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP · 2026 · PMID 42698251

Human immunodeficiency virus drug resistance (HIVDR) creates a threat to the extended success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) while making it harder to control the HIV epidemic. In this study, a meta-analysis was conducted to analyse Pakistani studies from 2015 to 2025 that documented HIVDR prevalence and resistance-associated mutations (RAMs). The review included studies that analysed ART-experienced and ART- naive participants with available sequencing data. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to estimat…

Rank105.6
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases among ART-naïve people with HIV: A global systematic review and meta-analysis.

HIV medicine · 2026 · PMID 42091237

INTRODUCTION: The burden of cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) is rising in people with HIV (PWH). While extensive data exist on CMD prevalence in PWH receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), comprehensive data on ART-naïve PWH are scarce. We aimed to estimate the global prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, obesity and dyslipidaemia among ART-naïve PWH and compare estimates with those on ART and HIV-negative populations. METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis included a search of PubMed-MEDLINE, CINAHL, SCO…

Rank105.4
Systematic review or meta-analysisResult signal: null

Assistive technologies (lumbar supports and other devices) for treating chronic low back pain.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026 · PMID 42680183

RATIONALE: Low back pain (LBP) is a major global health problem. It is the most common cause of activity limitation amongst individuals younger than 45 years, and one of the most frequent reasons for visits to a doctor. The 2019 Global Burden of Disease study named LBP as the leading cause of the need for rehabilitation, estimated to affect 568 million people. Its socioeconomic burden is substantial, with LBP-related costs from productivity loss and healthcare services utilisation making a significant impact on nat…

Rank105.1
Systematic review or meta-analysisResult signal: null

Clinical Relevance of the 516 G>T Polymorphism in CYP2B6 and Its Effects on Efavirenz Concentrations in Patients with HIV and Tuberculosis: A Meta-analysis.

European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2026 · PMID 42337190

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Efavirenz is associated with frequent adverse effects, mainly hepatotoxicity and central nervous system disturbances. The cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP2B6 plays a key role in efavirenz metabolism and is strongly linked to these toxicities. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the CYP2B6 c.516 G>T polymorphism on efavirenz plasma concentrations by comparing individuals with GG, GT, and TT genotypes. METHODS: A systematic review of four databases was conducted to identify studies publishe…

Rank103.4
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Interventions to improve viral suppression and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

The lancet. HIV · 2026 · PMID 42556371

BACKGROUND: In 2025, 78% of people living with HIV worldwide were on antiretroviral therapy 95% of people on treatment were virally suppressed. Suboptimal adherence, defined as not taking interventions as prescribed, threatens viral suppression and can lead to antiviral resistance, morbidity, mortality, and transmission. We updated a systematic review and network meta-analysis to estimate the effects of different adherence interventions on adherence and viral suppression. METHODS: In this systematic review and netw…

Rank101.7
Systematic review or meta-analysis

A systematic review of qualitative research on HIV and food insecurity in high-income countries.

AIDS (London, England) · 2026 · PMID 42186786

OBJECTIVES: Food insecurity leads to adverse health outcomes in people living with HIV, including obesity, poor mental health and viral non-suppression. Qualitative studies in low- and middle-income countries have described the impact of food insecurity on medication adherence. However, limited qualitative research exists on the lived experiences of food insecurity among people living with HIV in high-income countries (HICs). We aimed to synthesize qualitative literature on food insecurity among people living with …

Rank101.7
Randomized controlled trial

Effect of a person-centered care intervention on return and sustained reengagement after treatment interruptions from HIV care in Zambia: A post-hoc analysis of a stepped-wedged cluster randomized trial.

PLoS medicine · 2026 · PMID 42679007

BACKGROUND: Poor client-provider interactions lead to reinforcing cycles of treatment interruptions (TIs) from HIV care and fear of return, undermining sustained retention. We previously demonstrated a multi-component person-centered care intervention (PCC) targeting healthcare worker (HCW) behavior improved client experience and retention in HIV care. To understand mechanisms of improved retention, we evaluated the effect of the PCC intervention on return after TIs and sustained retention after return in a post-ho…

Rank100.3
Randomized controlled trial

Efavirenz 400 vs 600 mg combined with lamivudine and tenofovir in treatment-naïve HIV-infected patients in China: A randomized, multi-centered, controlled trial.

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2026 · PMID 42235914

BACKGROUND: Optimizing efavirenz (EFV) dosing to minimize adverse events (AEs) remains a critical issue. Studies indicate that reducing the EFV dose from 600 to 400 mg daily lowers side effect intensity while maintaining virological suppression. We previously showed that 600 mg daily EFV may lead to unnecessarily high exposure in Chinese patients, but the long-term efficacy and safety of dose reduction beyond 48 weeks in this population remain unknown. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, randomized controlled tria…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

The effect of antiretroviral therapy adherence on viral load suppression rate among people living with HIV in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PloS one · 2026 · PMID 42743184

BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence is a key determinant of viral load suppression among people living with HIV (PLHIV). In Ethiopia, evidence on the magnitude of ART adherence and its effect on virological outcomes remains fragmented. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of ART adherence and viral load suppression, and to measure the association between adherence and viral suppression among PLHIV in Ethiopia. METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analys…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Integrating Shared Decision-Making Into Breast Cancer Postmastectomy Reconstruction: A Systematic Review of Evidence, Barriers, and Real-World Implementation.

International journal of cancer · 2026 · PMID 42098969

This systematic review synthesizes empirical evidence on the development, effectiveness, patient experience, and implementation of decision aids (DAs) for postmastectomy breast reconstruction (PMBR) and to evaluate the role of pre-consultation educational interventions in supporting shared decision-making (SDM). Following PRISMA guidelines and a preregistered protocol (OSF: https://osf.io/mu9hv), six electronic databases and gray literature sources were searched for studies on PMBR DAs through November 2025. Eligib…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysisResult signal: benefit

Temporal shifts in antiretroviral therapy regimens and metabolic outcomes in people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

HIV medicine · 2026 · PMID 42165254

INTRODUCTION: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for people living with HIV has led to dramatically reduced mortality and improved life expectancy. This achievement is accompanied by a higher risk for metabolic and other non-communicable diseases. The role and contribution of various ART regimens to adverse metabolic outcomes are not fully understood. We aimed to systematically evaluate the risk of metabolic outcomes associated with ART and to describe temporal trends in these risks across the modern ART era. METHODS: Fo…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysisResult signal: harm

Liver Cancer Risk and Incidence Attributable to Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Meta-Analysis and Population-Attributable Modeling Study of Over 1.2 Million Individuals.

International journal of cancer · 2026 · PMID 42277929

HIV-induced immune suppression and chronic inflammation elevate the risk of cancer progression. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published between January 1, 1984 and October 13, 2023 to assess the association between HIV infection and liver cancer. People living with HIV (PLHIV) had a higher risk (pooled relative risk = 3.36, 95% CI: 2.72-4.15). The global PAF for HIV-attributed liver cancer was 1.43% in 2019, with a three-fold increase over the past 30 years. The Asia-Pacific region r…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Prevalence and risk of cardiovascular events among people living with HIV: a meta-analysis.

Annals of medicine · 2026 · PMID 42478138

BACKGROUND: People living with HIV (PLWH) have increased cardiovascular risk, but the contribution of HIV-related factors to all-cause cardiovascular events remains unclear. We assessed the prevalence and determinants of cardiovascular events in PLWH, including subtype-specific risk profiles. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus were searched from January 1, 2004 to October 31, 2024. Observational studies reporting cardiovascular event prevalence or adjusted risk estimates in PLWH we…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Global and regional molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 during 1990-2024: systematic review, global survey, and analysis of prevalence.

The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2026 · PMID 42155508

BACKGROUND: The extensive genetic diversity of HIV presents major challenges to treatment and prevention. We aimed to estimate the global and regional distribution of HIV-1 subtypes and recombinants during 1990-2024. METHODS: We conducted a systematic literature review by searching PubMed, Embase, Global Health, and CINAHL for country-specific HIV-1 subtyping data published between Jan 1, 2022, and Jan 22, 2025, and a global survey of the Global HIV Molecular Epidemiology Collaboration for unpublished data collecte…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Willingness to switch to long-acting regimens among people with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

AIDS (London, England) · 2026 · PMID 42240366

OBJECTIVES: Long-acting regimens (LARs) offer promising alternatives for people with HIV, enhancing autonomy and convenience. Understanding preferences for LAR is essential to guide policy and implementation. DESIGN: This systematic review and meta-analysis examined willingness among adults with HIV to switch from daily oral antiretroviral therapy (ART) to LAR. METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, we included studies of adults with HIV using daily oral ART reporting willingness to switch to existing or hypothetica…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Utility of hearing aid use on neurocognitive functions and auditory processing: A systematic review.

Archives of gerontology and geriatrics · 2026 · PMID 42447643

PURPOSE: Hearing loss not only affects the peripheral auditory system but also leads to changes in central auditory pathways and neurocognitive skills. The use of hearing aids has shown potential benefits in mitigating the adverse effects of hearing loss. Earlier literature showed various studies assessing the impact of hearing aid use on cognitive functions and auditory processing, a comprehensive review of the existing literature is warranted. Existing literature showed heterogeneous outcomes among studies invest…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

8% capsaicin patches for HIV-induced polyneuropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Pain management · 2026 · PMID 42237588

BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus is a harrowing illness that causes significant sequelae besides immune suppression. One of the long-term effects of both virus and antiviral medication is distal sensory polyneuropathy. Treating this HIV-induced neuropathy is a difficult challenge for clinicians, with standard of care medications having significant side effects. Recently, 8% topical capsaicin patches have been shown to help with various other forms of neuropathy, but no systematic review has investigated the…

Rank98.4
Randomized controlled trial

Expanding Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra and lateral flow urine lipoarabinomannan testing for diagnosis of tuberculosis among adults living with HIV admitted to hospitals in Tanzania and Mozambique (EXULTANT): a randomised controlled trial.

The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2026 · PMID 42105779

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis is the main cause of death among hospitalised people living with HIV. Non-sputum-based diagnostics could improve patient outcomes. The EXULTANT trial aims to evaluate an expanded tuberculosis screening strategy among people with HIV in two African countries with a high tuberculosis and HIV burden. METHODS: This pragmatic, individually randomised controlled superiority trial was conducted across 11 hospitals in Tanzania and Mozambique. We consecutively enrolled adults living with HIV (aged ≥…

Rank98.0
Systematic review or meta-analysisCorrection flagged

Updating knowledge on existing approaches on advanced care planning interventions: An umbrella review.

Archives of gerontology and geriatrics · 2026 · PMID 42085825

CONTEXT: Advanced care planning (ACP) can reduce hospitalizations, increase quality of life, and align treatment with patient wishes, while lowering healthcare costs. However, healthcare providers' discomfort, lack of training, and patient anxiety may hinder ACP. Furthermore, disparities exist among minority and low-income groups. Growing research highlights the need for standardized definitions and broader implementation, especially post-COVID-19, incorporating digital tools, economic impacts, ethics, and family r…

Rank97.6
Randomized controlled trialResult signal: null

Hypertension in a Randomized Trial of Dolutegravir- Versus Efavirenz-Based Antiretroviral Therapy in Pregnant and Postpartum Women with HIV.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026 · PMID 41973953

INTRODUCTION: We performed an analysis of incident hypertension in a randomized trial comparing dolutegravir (DTG) + emtricitabine (F)/tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) versus DTG + F/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) versus efavirenz (EFV)/F/TDF in pregnant and postpartum women with HIV. METHODS: Women were randomized at 14-28 weeks gestational age (GA) to start DTG + F/TAF, DTG + F/TDF, or EFV/F/TDF and followed through 50 weeks postpartum. The composite incident hypertension outcome was defined as initiation of anti…

Rank96.9
Randomized controlled trial

Impact of motivational interviewing training for lay counsellors on HIV care outcomes in South Africa: a cluster-randomized pilot trial.

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2026 · PMID 42323157

BACKGROUND: Retention in HIV care remains challenging in sub-Saharan Africa. We evaluated whether training lay counsellors in Motivational Interviewing (MI) could improve outcomes among newly diagnosed people living with HIV (PLHIV) in South Africa. METHODS: We conducted a cluster-randomized pilot trial in eight Johannesburg primary healthcare clinics, randomized 1:1 to Thusa-Thuso intervention (7-day MI training plus 12-month mentorship) or standard-of-care (SOC). Adults PLHIV (≥18 years) were enrolled and followe…

Rank95.5
Randomized controlled trial

Effectiveness of an educational video for caregivers of children with neurogenic bladder: A randomized controlled trial.

Journal of pediatric urology · 2026 · PMID 42361617

BACKGROUND: The complexity of neurogenic bladder (NGB) management underscores the importance of caregiver education, yet high-quality education materials remain scarce. This study aims to assess the effectiveness and acceptability of an educational video designed to improve knowledge about NGB among caregivers of children with this condition. METHODS: We identified English-speaking caregivers of patients aged zero to 18 years, diagnosed with NGB, without prior major bladder reconstructive surgery, who received care…

New Research Last 24 Months60 records
Rank108.3
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Immunogenicity and safety of prophylactic HPV vaccines in people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026 · PMID 42684271

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major global public health concern, causing genital warts and cancers of the cervix, anus, oropharynx, vulva, and penis. People living with HIV (PLWH) face a disproportionately elevated burden of HPV infection and HPV-related malignancies due to chronic immunosuppression. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis searching six databases from January 2006 to June 2026 without language restrictions. Twenty-five studies were included in the systematic review; 12 independent stu…

Rank107.1
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Efficacy and safety of doravirine/islatravir for HIV-1: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

HIV research & clinical practice · 2026 · PMID 42400399

BACKGROUND: The combination of doravirine and islatravir (DOR/ISL) is a novel two-drug regimen for HIV-1. Early development faced challenges due to dose-dependent immunological signals. We aimed to synthesize the evidence on the efficacy and safety of DOR/ISL across all treatment-experience categories, specifically evaluating the impact of islatravir dosage (0.25 mg vs 0.75 mg) on clinical and immunological outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) …

Rank98.9
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Cancer Screening Behaviors among People with HIV in the United States and the Role of Multi-Level Social and Economic Factors: A Systematic Review.

Current epidemiology reports · 2026 · PMID 42694953

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In the US, people with HIV (PWH) are more likely to be diagnosed with cancer at advanced stages, contributing to higher cancer-specific mortality rates. As such, the leading cause of non-AIDS death among PWH is cancer, including cancers with guideline recommended screening as a part of preventative care. Nonmedical drivers of health contribute to poor access to timely cancer screening among PWH. Thus, the purpose of this systematic review is to summarize the available evidence on the relationship…

Rank95.1
Randomized controlled trial

Pathways of onward HIV disclosure in relationships among young people living with vertically acquired HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy: A qualitative analysis from the BREATHER Plus trial, South Africa.

Global public health · 2026 · PMID 42623024

For young people living with HIV (YPLHIV) navigating their status since birth, managing onward disclosure of a potentially stigmatising condition in relationships is challenging, and may or may not lead to social support, with implications for wellbeing. In a clinical trial setting in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, we investigate how young people living with vertically acquired HIV navigate onward disclosure. Data were from the qualitative component of the BREATHER Plus randomised controlled trial evaluating the effi…

Rank94.3
Randomized controlled trial

Comparative effects of caffeine and paraxanthine on rowing performance and sleep quality: a randomized crossover study.

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2026 · PMID 41918248

BACKGROUND: Although caffeine is widely used in athletes due to its ergogenic effects, the effects of its main metabolite, paraxanthine, on performance and sleep have not been adequately investigated. PURPOSE: This study aimed to comparatively investigate the effects of caffeine and its main metabolite paraxanthine on rowing performance and sleep quality. METHODS: The study was designed as a randomized, double-blind, crossover study and included 14 male university-level rowers (21.6 ± 1.9 age; 2.2 ± 1 years of rowi…

Rank94.1
Randomized controlled trial

Could creatine supplementation combined with physical rehabilitation accelerate return to play in athletes with patellar tendinopathy?

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2026 · PMID 42730713

BACKGROUND: Several dietary supplements have been proposed to positively influence the rehabilitation process following injury. However, to date, no studies have specifically examined the effects of scientifically supported ergogenic aids on recovery outcomes when combined with physical performance interventions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the ergogenic effects of creatine supplementation on neuromuscular performance, tendon thickness, pain, and body composition in athletes diagnosed with patel…

Rank85.0
Randomized clinical study

Perceptions of young people living with HIV and caregivers in Botswana on analytical treatment interruption studies: a qualitative approach.

HIV research & clinical practice · 2026 · PMID 42163437

BACKGROUND: Current research suggests that post-treatment HIV control may be possible for some people following antiretroviral treatment (ART) interruption. Although closely monitored analytic treatment interruption (ATI) studies can be performed safely and are crucial to determine who may no longer require ART, currently it is unknown how acceptable these studies will be in Botswana. AIM: To determine the knowledge, attitudes and acceptability of ATI-inclusive studies in Botswana. METHODS: We employed a non-random…

Rank73.0
Multicenter clinical study

Patient-reported quality of life in people living with HIV in Romania: a cross-sectional PROM-based study.

HIV research & clinical practice · 2026 · PMID 42169383

BACKGROUND: In Romania, people living with HIV represent heterogeneous cohorts shaped by distinct epidemiological and social contexts. While antiretroviral therapy (ART) has markedly improved survival, quality-of-life (QoL) encompasses broader dimensions not fully captured by clinical indicators. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) offer a valuable approach to understanding these dimensions in routine care. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, cross-sectional study using the OCTAVE PROM to assess patient-repo…

Rank70.0
Multicenter clinical studyResult signal: harm

Heart failure among people with HIV: prescription of guideline-directed medical therapy.

HIV research & clinical practice · 2026 · PMID 42720139

BACKGROUND: People with HIV have an increased risk of heart failure (HF) compared to people without HIV. Guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) is the cornerstone of HF management, but little is known about GDMT prescription in this high-risk population. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate GDMT intensity and identify patient factors associated with optimal HF therapy among people with HIV and systolic HF. METHODS: We conducted retrospective analyses of the PATHWAYS study, a multi-institutional study of underrepresented racia…

Rank52.2
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Hypocoagulability among people living with HIV at Hoima Regional Referral Hospital, Western Uganda: a cross-sectional study.

HIV research & clinical practice · 2026 · PMID 41863448

BACKGROUND: Coagulation abnormalities are an under-recognized complication among people living with HIV. Despite widespread antiretroviral therapy (ART), hematologic dysfunction, including coagulation and platelet abnormalities, continues to contribute to morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the prevalence, associated factors, and clinical features of hypocoagulability among people with HIV at Hoima Regional Referral Hospital (HRRH). METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study…

Rank51.7
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Italy is ready-extended PrEP cascade, and determinants of intention to use long-acting PrEP and unmet PrEP needs among men who have sex with men, trans* individuals, heterosexual women, and men.

HIV research & clinical practice · 2026 · PMID 42186205

BACKGROUND: Italy has recently expanded access to oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and made rapid progress in long-acting PrEP (LA-PrEP) availability. These developments create a unique opportunity to assess population-level readiness for LA-PrEP and identify gaps that may limit its public health impact. AIM: To assess an extended PrEP cascade, quantify unmet prevention needs that LA-PrEP could mitigate, and identify determinants of LA-PrEP intention across key populations (KPs) in Italy. METHODS: We analysed d…

Rank50.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Utility of the brief Patient Health Questionnaire-2 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 screeners for depression and generalized anxiety symptom identification in people with human immunodeficiency virus.

HIV research & clinical practice · 2026 · PMID 41566210

BACKGROUND: Despite recommendations for routine mental health screening in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care settings, screening uptake remains low. The brief Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 (GAD-2) are validated screeners for depression and anxiety symptoms with potential for integration into HIV primary care. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify the optimal cut-off points for the PHQ-2 and GAD-2 among people with HIV at risk for mental health disorders (MHD) in com…

Rank48.6
Other PubMed-indexed publication

'I can get all the services I want, without fear of being judged': Acceptability of a sexual and reproductive health service for youth in Zimbabwe.

Global public health · 2026 · PMID 41873826

Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services often do not appeal to youth, leading to limited engagement and poor outcomes. We co-designed a community-based integrated HIV and SRH service with and for youth (16-24 years) in Zimbabwe (CHIEDZA) and investigated its acceptability. Qualitative data from observations of CHIEDZA services (n = 58), and in-depth interviews with healthcare providers (n = 51), mobilisers (n = 23), and clients (n = 63) were analysed inductively and thematically. Participants who attended CHI…

Rank48.6
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Exploratory assessment of nutrient-related food-frequency proxy measures among people with HIV by secondary chronic condition status.

HIV research & clinical practice · 2026 · PMID 42730751

BACKGROUND: As people living with HIV live longer, secondary chronic conditions are increasingly common. Although nutrition important in HIV care, limited data describe nutrient-related dietary patterns among people with HIV and specific chronic conditions. OBJECTIVE: To conduct an exploratory assessment of researcher-developed nutrient-related food-frequency proxy measures among people with HIV by secondary chronic condition status. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 64 people with HIV receiving services…

Rank48.4
Other PubMed-indexed publication

The process of developing an HIV disclosure intervention for youth with perinatally acquired HIV: The HIV Empowering Adults' Decisions to Share - UK/Uganda Project (Heads-Up).

Global public health · 2026 · PMID 41800659

Sharing one's HIV status with others (onward HIV disclosure) for youth with perinatally acquired HIV (PAH) is often difficult but may assist with challenges associated with living with HIV. We describe the development of an intervention to help HIV-sharing decision-making for UK and Ugandan youth with PAH. The methods included : (1) semi-structured interviews with 50 participants (20 with PAH patients aged 18-25 years, 20 friends, family or partners and 10 professionals), (2) a survey of 57 UK participants with PAH…

Rank48.2
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Navigating viral load information flow and provider decision-making for adolescent clients at HIV clinics in Kenya.

HIV research & clinical practice · 2026 · PMID 41923269

BACKGROUND: Achieving viral suppression goals for adolescents with HIV requires multifaceted strategies, including efficient and effective health systems to routinely monitor HIV viral load (VL) and support adolescents when adherence falters. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify where gaps in information flow occur in return of HIV VL results to clinics and adolescents and to explore how providers determine 'good adherence' prior to confirmation of virological failure. METHODS: Four focus group discussions and t…

Rank48.1
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Acceptability and preferences regarding long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy among people with HIV in Pakistan.

HIV research & clinical practice · 2026 · PMID 41729188

BACKGROUND: Long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy (LAI-ART) is an emerging alternative to daily oral ART, offering the potential to improve adherence, reduce dosing frequency, and alleviate treatment fatigue among people with HIV. There is limited evidence on its real-world acceptability, feasibility, and implementation challenges in low- and middle-income countries, such as Pakistan, where structural barriers and health system limitations may influence uptake. OBJECTIVE: This study explores the perspective…

Rank48.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Prospective concordance of multidetector CT angiography and digital subtraction angiography in assessing bronchial artery morphology for hemoptysis embolization outcomes.

The Libyan journal of medicine · 2026 · PMID 41676934

Hemoptysis, often life-threatening in its massive form, is predominantly caused by bronchial artery pathology. Bronchial artery embolization (BAE) is the established first-line intervention, yet the relationship between bronchial artery morphology and embolization outcomes remains insufficiently defined. This prospective pilot study aimed to assess the association between bronchial artery anatomical features and short-term outcomes following BAE, and to evaluate concordance between computed tomography (CT) angiogra…

Rank47.2
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Conception to child-rearing in the early treatment era (CONCRETE): a qualitative study of the experiences of women living with HIV during pregnancy and motherhood.

HIV research & clinical practice · 2026 · PMID 41923300

BACKGROUND: Women with HIV represent an increasing proportion of people with HIV, yet their specific needs during childbirth remain insufficiently addressed. This study explored how the experiences of women with HIV who delivered in the early antiretroviral therapy (ART) era can inform current HIV care. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 women with HIV who gave birth between 2000 and 2008 in an urban area of French-speaking Switzerland. Content analysis identified key themes in the women's n…

Rank47.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: effects of dietary antioxidants on exercise and sports performance.

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2026 · PMID 41701327

Following a comprehensive review, the International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) has developed an official position on the role of dietary antioxidants in exercise and sport. Antioxidants play a complex, context-dependent role in vivo; they can facilitate recovery from exercise but may also hinder training adaptations when consumed at supraphysiological doses. While endogenous antioxidant systems can effectively maintain redox balance, dietary sources, particularly whole foods, can help mitigate excessive oxi…

Rank47.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

The Trump administration's politics of cruelty and its impact on global health.

Global public health · 2026 · PMID 41667414

This Commentary addresses key decisions made and policies approved primarily during the first six months of the second Trump administration in the U.S.A. that affect global health, with an emphasis on their implications for the work of World Health Organization (WHO), the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), and the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), among others. We highlight the roots of these decisions and prio…

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

The experiences of clinical research staff during an HIV cure trial with an analytical treatment interruption in Durban, South Africa.

HIV research & clinical practice · 2026 · PMID 41851963

BACKGROUND: HIV cure trials involving analytical treatment interruptions (ATIs) are expanding in resource-limited settings where HIV prevalence is highest, such as South Africa. Given the socio-economic challenges in these regions, ATI-inclusive trials may present unintended mental health risks to trial participants. To ensure participant safety, tailored mental health support should be part of the routine study implementation. While there is a trend toward more participant-centred study designs, less attention is …

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Latent tuberculosis infection shapes gut microbiome and immune-metabolic interactions in people living with HIV.

Gut microbes · 2026 · PMID 42657534

The silent presence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in people living with HIV (PLHIV) increases the annual risk of tuberculosis (TB) reactivation by 3%-16%. Although gut dysbiosis is well documented in HIV, microbiome alterations associated with LTBI in PLHIV remain poorly characterized. Using integrated cross-sectional and exploratory longitudinal analyses, we investigated the gut microbiome composition, predicted function, and immune-metabolic interactions in ART-naive individuals categorized as HIV-LTBI-…

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Subclinical cardiovascular risk among adolescents with HIV in Tanzania: the role of sleep behaviour and antiretroviral regimen on arterial stiffness.

HIV research & clinical practice · 2026 · PMID 42696521

BACKGROUND: Data on arterial stiffness among adolescents with HIV remain limited, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where the HIV burden is high. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess arterial stiffness among adolescents with HIV, compare these measures with already published measures, and investigate factors associated with arterial stiffness. METHODS: A cross-sectional study among adolescents with HIV aged 10-17 years was conducted. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) was measured to assess arterial stiffness u…

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Coverage of short-course TB preventive therapy regime among people living with HIV registered at a public anti-retroviral therapy centre in Western India.

HIV research & clinical practice · 2026 · PMID 42644713

INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of illness and death among people living with HIV. Early initiation of TB preventive therapy (TPT) is crucial for preventing TB infection. As per National AIDS Control Programme (NACP) guidelines, the newer short-course TPT regime-1HP (isoniazid plus rifapentine, once a day for 28 days) is recommended for people living with HIV from May 2024 in India. OBJECTIVE: To determine the coverage and completion of a newer TPT regime among people living with HIV and factors as…

Preclinical Research69 records
Rank47.9
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Biaxial determination of active and passive mechanical properties of porcine stomach smooth muscle tissue.

Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials · 2026 · PMID 42349228

The stomach is a hollow organ within the gastrointestinal tract that plays a central role in the breakdown of ingested food. Its secretion of gastric acid facilitates chemical digestion, while the contraction of its smooth muscle aids in mechanical digestion. The upper, cranial part of the stomach acts as a reservoir for ingested food, while the lower, caudal part grinds the food through peristaltic contractions. Understanding the mechanical properties of the stomach is critical to gaining insight into its function…

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Design of an immunogen containing multidimensionally conserved and immunogenic parts of the HIV proteome.

PLoS computational biology · 2026 · PMID 42599953

Despite decades of research, an effective HIV vaccine or cure has not yet been developed. An important reason is the virus's mutability, which allows it to rapidly evade human immune responses. Often, the virus also takes advantage of epistatic pathways to evolve escape mutations through compensatory effects that allow maintaining its fitness. We used a fitness landscape of HIV, which explicitly considers interactions between mutations, to design an immunogen that contains parts of the proteome that are "multidimen…

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Rapid and robust immune response boosting with potent, next-generation adjuvant in viral vector-primed primates.

Journal of virology · 2026 · PMID 42505121

To identify strategies for augmenting vaccine immunogenicity, we compared a pox-protein prime-boost regimen comprising recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara and multimeric HIV-1 Env gp145, adjuvanted with Army Liposomal Formulation (ALF) either adsorbed to aluminum salt (ALFA) or formulated with the QS-21 saponin (ALFQ), in rhesus macaques. ALFQ promoted greater magnitude and more durable humoral and cellular immune responses than ALFA, which exhibits similar immunogenicity to aluminum-based adjuvants. Peak En…

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Preferential Exhaustion and Loss of Predominant Reservoir in Gut-Associated Lymph Nodes of a SIVmac239-Infected Rhesus Macaque with Terminal AIDS.

Viruses · 2026 · PMID 42655673

Gut-associated lymph nodes (GALNs) constitute an important anatomical reservoir during early and chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection, but the fate of this compartment during terminal AIDS remains unclear. This study investigated viral persistence and lymph node injury in a rhesus macaque with long-term SIVmac239 infection and end-stage AIDS, characterized by profound CD4+ T cell depletion (30 cells/μL) and persistent viremia (1192 copies/mL). At necropsy, GALNs, …

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

ACKR2 aids the regulation of bone marrow eosinophils to promote monocyte differentiation and anti-bacterial immunity.

Nature communications · 2026 · PMID 42637745

Chemokine receptors control cell migration within the body. Here we reveal interactions between eosinophils and monocytes in the bone marrow, indirectly controlled by the atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2. In the absence of ACKR2, there are decreased numbers of eosinophils in the bone marrow. As a result, eosinophil and monocyte interactions are reduced within the bone marrow niche, and are associated with changes in monocyte gene expression. Monocytes from ACKR2-/- mice are recruited to the tissues but are fundame…

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

On the role of cell chaining in the attenuation of a Listeria monocytogenes divIVA mutant.

Virulence · 2026 · PMID 42572258

Listeria monocytogenes is a human pathogen invading nonphagocytic host cells, replicating within their cytosol, and spreading directly from cell to cell. These processes are mediated by specialized virulence factors but also depend on the DivIVA protein. DivIVA aids in the secretion of peptidoglycan-degrading autolysins in a process that requires the accessory secretion ATPase SecA2, thereby promoting daughter cell separation following cytokinesis. Consequently, a ΔdivIVA mutant forms elongated chains of unseparate…

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

In-silico molecular design approach of some phytoconstituents from Nardostachys jatamansi as HIV/AIDS agents.

3 Biotech · 2026 · PMID 42542647

Nardostachys jatamansi, a small rhizomatous herb from the Valerianaceae family, has been traditionally used in Ayurveda for neurological and gastrointestinal disorders. However, its rising demand and extensive use have led to overharvesting, placing the species at risk of extinction. This study explores the therapeutic potential of N. jatamansi phytoconstituents through in-silico evaluation as antiviral agents targeting HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. The 3D structure of HIV-1 RT (PDB ID: 6KJV) was validated through R…

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Paradoxical Th1 activation and CTLA-4 regulation is beneficial during latent cryptococcosis.

mBio · 2026 · PMID 42484324

UNLABELLED: Cryptococcus neoformans is the predominant causative agent of cryptococcal meningitis in immunocompromised individuals. Conversely, in immunocompetent individuals, C. neoformans establishes a latent pulmonary infection characterized by a paucity of clinical symptoms. Using a mouse inhalation model of latent C. neoformans infection, we previously showed that CD4 T cells are necessary for preventing fungal proliferation in the lungs. In the current study, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq…

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

CD44 expression in renal tubules during maladaptive repair is a potential marker for the transition from acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease in rats.

Toxicology · 2026 · PMID 42019744

Renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) are major targets of drug-induced kidney injury, a cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). Although TEC regeneration aids recovery, maladaptive repair promotes fibrosis and chronic kidney disease (CKD). CD44 has been reported to localize predominantly to dilated/atrophic TECs in the fibrotic lesions of rat CKD models, suggesting enrichment in failed-repair TECs, but its dynamics during the AKI-to-CKD transition are unclear. We examined CD44 across rat models spanning adaptive repai…

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Distinguishing shear and tensile myocardial wall stiffness using ex vivo anisotropic Magnetic Resonance Elastography.

Acta biomaterialia · 2025 · PMID 40541764

The organized myofiber structure within the myocardium indicates its mechanical anisotropy. By projecting the MR Elastography (MRE) stiffness matrix along either the myocardial fiber or sheet orientations determined by Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), anisotropic MRE (aMRE) maps axial and transverse shear and Young's moduli into three tensile and six shear deformation modes. Ten healthy ex vivo swine hearts were imaged three times at 3T using MRE and DTI sequences. aMRE results showed a within-subject coefficient of…

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Collective ant transport outperforms gravity-based solvers on complex puzzles.

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2026 · PMID 42413933

Collective cognition, in which groups display enhanced problem-solving abilities compared with individuals, is a hallmark of ant behaviour. For instance, in navigation tasks, such as the piano movers' problem, a short-term memory-like directional persistence emerges in large enough ant groups and aids them in implementing an effective wall-following heuristic. Here, we investigate the collective problem-solving abilities of Paratrechina longicornis by presenting groups of varying sizes with an array of piano movers…

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Emerging dactylellinatone attractant aids in the predation of nematodes by nematode-trapping fungus Dactylellina haptotyla.

Pesticide biochemistry and physiology · 2026 · PMID 42493056

Metabolites play an important role in pathogenic fungus-host interactions. Dactylellina haptotyla is a nematode-trapping fungus that produces traps (adhesive knobs) to capture and kill nematodes. The predation process of D. haptotyla is accompanied by changes in secondary metabolites. However, the functions and biosynthesis mechanisms of those metabolites remain unclear. In this study, dactylellinatone, a novel nematode chemoattractant from D. haptotyla associated with fungal predatory efficiency, was identified. H…

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Analysis of PTEN Antagonistic Peptides (PAPs) in Neuronal Growth and Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI).

Biomacromolecules · 2026 · PMID 42427105

PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue) is an established cellular growth brake whose inhibition stimulates regeneration of injured neurons in rodent models. Herein, we employed peptide-based PTEN inhibition targeting PTEN's phosphatase activity. Therefore, a fusion peptide (PAP2-TAT) of PAP2 (PTEN antagonistic peptide 2) with TAT (transactivator of transcription) was used to enable cellular entry. PAP2-TAT was not cytotoxic and entered the cytoplasm of primary mouse neurons, where it enhanced neurite growth, growt…

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Creating complete life histories of individual female tsetse (Glossina spp) to study the effects of meteorological conditions on fly size in Zimbabwe.

PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026 · PMID 42616797

Using novel methodologies and ovarian dissection, we constructed life histories for ~90,000 female Glossina pallidipes and G. m. morsitans collected in Zimbabwe (1988-1999). Temperature-dependent development rates were used to estimate, for each fly, the dates spent as an oocyte, egg, larva, pupa - and adult in each ovarian category. This enabled analysis of relationships between wing and egg lengths of field-captured adults - and mean environmental conditions prevailing when these lengths were being determined, du…

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Long-term depletion of KIR3DL01+ NK cells by adeno-associated viral-vectored antibody delivery alters chronic SIV infection.

PLoS pathogens · 2026 · PMID 42555626

Natural killer (NK) cells are key innate effectors during antiviral immune responses, with their activity regulated in part by interactions between polymorphic killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) on NK cells and their major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) ligands on target cells. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, certain KIR and MHC I allelic combinations are associated with enhanced viral control and delayed disease progression. To interrogate the contribution of a common KIR…

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

In-Vitro Evaluation of HIV/SARS-CoV-2 Co-Infection Mediated Proteomic Changes in Astrocytes and Pericytes Reveals Altered Signaling Pathways Associated With Neurodegenerative Disorders.

Journal of medical virology · 2026 · PMID 42557952

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors frequently experience a wide range of symptoms known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) or long COVID. Importantly, complications arising from microvascular dysfunction, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, and chronic neuroinflammation have been implicated in driving PASC within the central nervous system (CNS), known as neuro-PASC. Notably, people with HIV (PWH), who suffer from chronic neuroinflammation, BBB impairment, and glial cell dysfunction, collectiv…

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

New annotations for three pea aphid genome assemblies allow comparative analyses of duplication and gene family evolution.

G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026 · PMID 42198888

Reliable genome annotation is crucial for analyses of gene function, conservation, duplication, and evolution. Factors such as the sequencing technology used to create the assembly, as well as duplication and rearrangements within the genome of interest, can have a large impact on the quality of gene annotations. In particular, short-read-based assemblies tend to misassemble duplicated genes as single loci, a problem that requires additional measures such as long-read sequencing to resolve. Pea aphids exhibit a hig…

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Protocol for a primary human 2D intestinal epithelium-dendritic cell co-culture organoid model to study mucosal immunity and viral infections.

STAR protocols · 2026 · PMID 42550683

The intestinal mucosa is a major HIV-1 infection site, making immune-augmented intestinal models essential for mechanistic and therapeutic studies. We present a protocol that converts human intestinal organoids into polarized 2D epithelial monolayers and incorporates basolateral dendritic cells to create a biomimetic intestinal mucosal model. We describe steps for monolayer formation, integrity assessment, immune cell co-culture, virus inoculation, and analyses by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. This immuno…

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Selective immune modulation in seminal plasma during simian immunodeficiency virus infection despite systemic inflammation.

Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2026 · PMID 42413644

Immune modulation in the male genital tract during HIV infection is not well understood, despite its role in viral persistence and transmission. In a study using an SIV rhesus macaque model, we assessed viral RNA and 61 cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in peripheral plasma (PP) and seminal plasma (SP). SIV RNA was found in both plasma samples, but the SP viral loads were more variable and decreased over time, independent of the systemic viremia. Baseline immune mediator profiles exhibited compartment-speci…

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Alcohol and calorie-dense diets modulate immune phenotype and metabolic health in simian immunodeficiency virus infection.

Function (Oxford, England) · 2026 · PMID 42448343

Alcohol misuse and calorie-dense diets, especially those rich in sugar and fat, independently increase comorbidity risk among people with HIV. The objective of this study was to define the combined effects of chronic binge alcohol administration and consumption of a high-fat high-sucrose diet (HFSD) on systemic metabolic, immunologic, and body composition outcomes under controlled conditions in an established nonhuman primate (NHP) model of HIV infection. Male NHPs fed HFSD diet were administered alcohol or vehicle…

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

CD49a expression defines a metabolically robust, cytokine-biased liver NK cell subset in rhesus macaques during lentivirus infection.

Immunology and cell biology · 2026 · PMID 42203213

Liver-resident natural killer (LrNK) cells are critical regulators of hepatic immune homeostasis and demonstrate antiviral activity, yet their role in lentivirus infections remains poorly defined. Using a rhesus macaque (RM) model of Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and Simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) infections, we investigated the phenotypes, metabolic profiles and functional responses of hepatic NK cells across naïve, acutely SIV-infected and chronically SHIV-infected RM. We identified liver-reside…

Rank45.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Load adaptation mechanisms in tendons are determined by the hierarchical assembly.

Acta biomaterialia · 2026 · PMID 42242403

Tendons are hierarchically structured, transferring forces across multiple length scales. Loads are partitioned from the whole tendon through fascicles, fibers, and fibrils down to the tropocollagen molecules. To elucidate the structural deformation of tendons at different hierarchical levels, this study investigated the simultaneous tissue, sub-tendon, fibrillar, and molecular response to tensile load by combining in situ loading, digital image correlation and, small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering. To investigat…

Rank36.8
Case report

The evolution of tecovirimat resistance in an immunocompromised individual with severe mpox infection.

Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease · 2026 · PMID 42497630

Tecovirimat is widely used for severe mpox, but resistance is increasingly reported, particularly in immunocompromised hosts. We describe a case of persistent clade IIb mpox in a 43-year-old man with advanced HIV (CD4 23 cells/µL) and disseminated necrotising disease. Despite prolonged tecovirimat therapy, lesions progressed. Serial viral isolates (n=8) obtained over 45 days underwent phenotypic susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing. Tecovirimat susceptibility declined markedly, with a ∼3 log10 increas…

Rank34.4
Preclinical or laboratory study

Clinical Resistance to Lenacapavir During Treatment of HIV Infection: A Review.

Viruses · 2026 · PMID 42655685

Lenacapavir (LEN) is the first-in-class capsid inhibitor that inhibits HIV capsid function in vitro with picomolar activity. LEN has been approved for the treatment of HIV in combination with other antiretroviral agents (ARVs), as well as for the prevention of acquisition of HIV-1 in people who may benefit from pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). In vitro investigations of the resistance profile of LEN have identified resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) at six residues in the HIV-1 capsid protein (CA), all found in…

Rank33.5
Preclinical or laboratory study

Low-Dose Cannabidiol Treatment does not Alter Cognitive Performance in the HIV-1 Transgenic Rat Model of NeuroHIV.

Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2026 · PMID 42622700

BACKGROUND: HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment (NCI) remains prevalent among virally suppressed people living with HIV (PLWH) and approved treatments target these symptoms. Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating cannabinoid with neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties, has been proposed as a potential therapeutic candidate for HIV-associated NCI, yet its cognitive effects in the context of HIV have not been experimentally tested. METHODS: Female and male HIV-1 transgenic (HIV-1Tg; n = 57) and Fischer …

Promising Experimental Therapies60 records
Rank103.3
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Application of health belief model (HBM) in health sciences and medical researches: systematic review on African and Asian countries.

BMC public health · 2026 · PMID 42351066

BACKGROUND: The Health Belief Model (HBM) is a widely used psychological framework for explaining and predicting individual's health related attitudes, belief, and behaviors. Although the model has been applied across various fields of health and medical sciences, the extent of its global use, particularly across African and Asian countries has not been well documented. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aimed to assess the application of HBM in health sciences and medical research conducted between 2010 and 2025 in…

Rank103.1
Systematic review or meta-analysis

A Systematic Review of Quantitative Health Preference Methods to Support Value Clarification and Shared Decision Making: A Report of an ISPOR Special Interest Group.

Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research · 2026 · PMID 42000134

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to explore the design and outcomes of preference-based value clarification methods (Pb-VCMs) used in the context of supporting patients' clinical decision making to understand whether guidance is used in Pb-VCM development and which Pb-VCM is most effective. METHODS: In April of 2023, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for studies reporting the development and/or evaluation of Pb-VCMs without restrictions on publication date. Two reviewers independently extracted data incl…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysisResult signal: harm

Integrating smoking cessation into HIV care settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis of effectiveness and the evidence gap in cost-effectiveness.

PloS one · 2026 · PMID 42531253

The prevalence of smoking among people living with HIV (PLWH) is higher than in the general population, and PLWH who smoke are at increased risk of both smoking- and HIV-related comorbidities. As most PLWH reside in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), there is a need for effective and cost-effective smoking cessation interventions in resource-constrained settings. We systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed the effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions for PLWH and looked for economic evaluations. Fou…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Implementation of therapeutic adherence in adult patients diagnosed with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A systematic review.

Patient education and counseling · 2026 · PMID 42155336

OBJECTIVES: To systematically map and summarize the available knowledge on interventions that promote medication adherence among adult HIV patients and to describe the current state of the art regarding the impact of these interventions on clinical and psychosocial outcomes. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted and two researchers screened eligible studies independently. The Joanna Briggs Institute Quality Appraisal for Randomized Controlled Trials, Cross-Sectional Studies, and Quasi-Experimental Studies were…

Rank98.3
Randomized controlled trial

Islatravir distribution in plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and mucosal tissues after monthly oral dosing.

AIDS (London, England) · 2026 · PMID 41789892

OBJECTIVE: Islatravir is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase translocation inhibitor (NRTTI) under development for HIV-1 treatment. We aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of islatravir and its active form, islatravir-triphosphate, in blood and mucosal tissues. DESIGN: This was an exploratory substudy of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, Phase 2a study of once-monthly islatravir in adults at low likelihood of HIV-1 exposure (NCT04003103). METHODS: Participants were randomly assigned…

Rank98.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

[Cochlear implantation in Ménière's disease].

HNO · 2026 · PMID 41644838

Menière's disease is a chronic inner ear disorder characterized by recurrent vertigo attacks, tinnitus, and fluctuating hearing loss, which may progress to severe sensorineural hearing impairment in a subset of patients. Since 2015, international consensus criteria distinguish between definite and probable disease. Current therapeutic strategies follow a stepwise approach, ranging from non-ablative to ablative interventions. Cochlear implantation (CI) has emerged as an effective option for auditory rehabilitation a…

Rank96.2
Randomized controlled trial

Week 96 resistance analysis in participants receiving bictegravir/lenacapavir in the phase 2 ARTISTRY-1 study.

Antiviral therapy · 2026 · PMID 42627157

BackgroundARTISTRY-1 is an ongoing Phase 2/3 study evaluating the safety and efficacy of once-daily oral bictegravir (BIC) + lenacapavir (LEN) in virologically suppressed (VS; HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL) participants on complex antiretroviral (ARV) regimens. Here, we report Week 96 extension-phase data after transition to BIC/LEN single-tablet regimen (STR).MethodsParticipants without known integrase strand-transfer inhibitor (INSTI) resistance were randomized (2:2:1) to BIC + LEN (75mg + 25mg or 75mg + 50mg) or stabl…

Rank96.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Interventions to improve access to sexual and reproductive health services for adolescents living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review.

BMJ open · 2026 · PMID 42331589

OBJECTIVE: Adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) face barriers to accessing sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services, negatively affecting their health and quality of life. These challenges are particularly pronounced in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where HIV prevalence, unintended pregnancies and child marriage remain high. This review aimed to map interventions designed to improve SRH access for ALHIV in SSA, applying Levesque's framework to identify facilitators and barriers from supply-side and demand-side pers…

Rank95.5
Randomized controlled trial

Bispecific 10E8.4/iMab broadly neutralizing antibody in people with or without HIV-1: a partially randomized phase 1 trial.

Nature medicine · 2026 · PMID 42414619

Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) are a promising tool for HIV prevention and treatment. Here we conducted a first-in-human, phase 1 trial of the bispecific 10E8.4/iMab antibody, which consists of a 10E8.4 arm binding the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein membrane-proximal external region and an ibalizumab (iMab) arm binding the human CD4 molecule. 10E8.4/iMab was administered intravenously (IV) or subcutaneously (SC). Safety/tolerability within 2 weeks of 10E8.4/iMab administration (primary outcome) and the pharma…

Rank95.4
Randomized controlled trial

Resistance Analysis of Weekly Islatravir Plus Lenacapavir in People With HIV at 48 Weeks.

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2026 · PMID 41885130

BACKGROUND: Islatravir (ISL), a nucleoside reverse transcriptase translocation inhibitor, and lenacapavir (LEN), a capsid inhibitor, have pharmacokinetic profiles supporting once-weekly (QW) oral dosing. In a phase 2 study, QW ISL + LEN maintained a high rate (94.2%) of viral suppression (VS; HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL) at week 48. We report resistance analyses through week 48. METHODS: Virologically suppressed participants received ISL (2 mg QW) plus LEN (600 mg days 1 + 2, then 300 mg QW; n = 52) or once-daily bicte…

Rank95.0
Randomized controlled trial

Football-Specific Performance and Cognitive Fatigue Resistance Following Supplementation with Two Phosphatidylserine Doses Combined with Taurine and Caffeine in Professional Male Football Players: A Randomized, Triple-Masked, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Nutrients · 2026 · PMID 42654170

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Cognitive fatigue and impaired psychomotor function may contribute to reductions in football-specific performance during prolonged match-like activity. This study evaluated cognitive, psychomotor, sprint, and football-specific locomotor responses to multi-ingredient protocols containing taurine, caffeine, and either 300 or 600 mg·day-1 of phosphatidylserine in professional male football players. METHODS: In this randomized, triple-masked, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial, 97 professio…

Rank94.6
Randomized controlled trial

Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Single-Dose Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 Inhibitor, Budigalimab, in People With HIV-1 With Antiretroviral Therapy-Suppressed Viral Load.

The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026 · PMID 41955081

BACKGROUND: Blockade of inhibitory immune checkpoint receptor programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) on target immune cells is associated with improved HIV-specific immune function and activation of latent HIV. This randomized, placebo-controlled, Phase 1b study assessed low doses of investigational anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody, budigalimab, for safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics in people with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy. METHODS: Participants received single doses of budigalimab…

Rank94.4
Randomized controlled trial

Safety, pharmacokinetics, and neutralisation activity of PGDM1400LS, VRC07-523LS, and PGT121.414.LS infused intravenously or subcutaneously (HVTN 140/HPTN 101 part B): a phase 1, randomised trial.

The lancet. HIV · 2026 · PMID 42114530

BACKGROUND: Passive immunisation with a combination of broadly neutralising monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) presents a potential HIV-1 prevention modality. This study (HVTN 140/HPTN 101) sought to evaluate PGDM1400LS (targeting V3-glycan) administered alone (part A, previously reported), and in combination (part B) with VRC07-523LS (targeting CD4 binding site) and PGT121.414.LS (targeting V2-apex) in healthy adults without HIV-1. METHODS: The study was a phase 1, multicentre, randomised, open-label trial done across t…

Rank94.1
Randomized controlled trial

Could creatine supplementation combined with physical rehabilitation accelerate return to play in athletes with patellar tendinopathy?

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2026 · PMID 42730713

BACKGROUND: Several dietary supplements have been proposed to positively influence the rehabilitation process following injury. However, to date, no studies have specifically examined the effects of scientifically supported ergogenic aids on recovery outcomes when combined with physical performance interventions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the ergogenic effects of creatine supplementation on neuromuscular performance, tendon thickness, pain, and body composition in athletes diagnosed with patel…

Rank94.0
Randomized controlled trial

Adapting mHealth Interventions to Improve Self-Management of HIV and Reduce Substance Use Among Emerging Adults in Zambia: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

JMIR research protocols · 2026 · PMID 42470201

BACKGROUND: Sub-Saharan Africa remains the region most affected by the HIV epidemic, with Zambia experiencing a substantial burden of disease. Young people with HIV are disproportionately impacted. Emerging adulthood (ages 18-24 years) is characterized by increasing independence, risk-taking behaviors, identity exploration, and changing social supports, all of which may impact HIV self-management, including medication adherence and retention in care. Substance use may further undermine HIV outcomes. Innovative inte…

Rank93.3
Randomized clinical study

Impact of a clinical pathway-based antimicrobial stewardship program on surgical antibiotic prophylaxis in pediatric surgery: An uncontrolled pre-post quasi-experimental study.

American journal of infection control · 2026 · PMID 42276231

BACKGROUND: Pediatric surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) is often inappropriate and contributes to avoidable antimicrobial exposure. We evaluated whether a clinical pathway-based antimicrobial stewardship program improved pediatric SAP appropriateness. METHODS: In this single-center uncontrolled pre-post quasi-experimental study in a tertiary pediatric hospital in Tehran, Iran, clean or clean-contaminated procedures were screened before and after implementation. Overall appropriate SAP was assessed among all eli…

Rank92.0
Randomized controlled trial

Physiological and Placebo Effects of Beetroot Juice in Virtual Cycling Using the Balanced Placebo Design.

Research quarterly for exercise and sport · 2026 · PMID 41886769

The physiological and placebo effects of beetroot juice remain unclear in settings outside traditional laboratory environments. Using a randomized, between-participant balanced placebo design, we asked 67 trained cyclists to complete 20-min time-trials on a virtual cycling platform with the ingestion of either beetroot juice or placebo (~552 or ~0.2 mg nitrate, respectively). After completing baseline trials, participants were randomized to one of four experimental groups: 1) informed beetroot juice/given beetroot …

Rank92.0
Randomized controlled trial

Caffeinated chewing gum improves military performances in special forces soldiers.

European journal of applied physiology · 2026 · PMID 42142184

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of caffeinated chewing gum on the cognitive tasks, strength and military performance of tier 1 special forces soldiers in Taiwan. METHODS: Sixteen male serving special forces soldiers (age: 34 ± 7 years; height: 172 ± 4 cm; BMI: 25.4 ± 2.7 kg/m²) completed the caffeinated chewing gum (CAF) trial and the placebo (PL) trial using a randomised crossover experimental design. After chewing the caffeinated chewing gum containing 3 mg·kg- 1 of caffeine (CAF…

Rank92.0
Randomized controlled trial

Renal function in African women receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate as pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV during pregnancy and postpartum: A postpartum safety analysis in the CAP016 randomized control trial.

HIV medicine · 2026 · PMID 42141514

BACKGROUND: The effect of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) when used as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) on renal function in pregnant and postpartum women is understudied. An open-label clinical trial (CAP016 study) was designed to examine the safety of TDF-PrEP use during pregnancy and breastfeeding. METHODS: Women were randomized (1:1) to either initiate PrEP at enrolment in pregnancy (Immediate PrEP-IP) or initiate PrEP (Deferred PrEP-DP) at the time of breastfeeding cessation. We compared changes in creatini…

Rank92.0
Randomized controlled trial

Effects of Acute Caffeine Ingestion on Morning Strength, Power and Repeated Sprint Measures in Males: A Standardized Approach.

Nutrients · 2026 · PMID 42588165

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Repeated sprint performance is typically reduced during the morning because of circadian-related changes in physiological function and muscle strength. Acute caffeine supplementation may attenuate these decrements; however, evidence remains inconsistent. This is partly because of inadequate control of chronobiological and methodological confounders. This study investigated the effects of acute morning caffeine ingestion on repeated sprint performance, physiological responses, strength, power …

Rank92.0
Randomized controlled trial

Safety and immunogenicity of inactivated human Rotavirus vaccine in young children and infants: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase I clinical trial.

Nature communications · 2026 · PMID 42733081

Inactivated rotavirus vaccines (IRV) are an effective approach for providing protection against the virus. This double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation phase I trial evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of IRV in 288 healthy children aged 2-71 months without prior rotavirus vaccination or HIV infection. We stratified participants by age (7-71 months and 2-6 months) and schedule (2 or 3 doses), before randomising them 3:1 to receive one of three antigen doses (80, 160, or 320 ELISA Unit [EU]…

Rank88.0
Phase III clinical trial

Baseline and week 48 resistance analysis in participants receiving bictegravir + lenacapavir in the phase 2 ARTISTRY-1 study.

AIDS (London, England) · 2026 · PMID 41874003

BACKGROUND: ARTISTRY-1 is an operationally seamless Phase 2/3 study evaluating the safety and efficacy of once-daily oral lenacapavir (LEN) + bictegravir (BIC) in virologically suppressed participants without known integrase strand-transfer inhibitor (INSTI) resistance, compared to a complex multi-tablet regimen. METHODS: Baseline HIV-1 resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) were assessed via historical genotypic reports (HGR) and proviral DNA genotyping (GenoSure Archive, Monogram Biosciences). The impact of basel…

Rank85.0
Randomized clinical study

Epidemiological yield and cost-effectiveness of non-targeted community HIV screening in a low-prevalence district: a prospective quasi-experimental study.

Frontiers in public health · 2026 · PMID 42523627

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the epidemiological yield, cost-effectiveness, and mechanisms of diagnostic cascade attrition of active, expanded community-based HIV screening in a low-prevalence region, and to contextualize the regional management burden. METHODS: A prospective, non-randomized, quasi-experimental study was conducted (August-December 2025) across six demographically matched sub-districts. Three implemented active community screening (intervention); three maintained routine facility-based testing (control). …

Rank84.2
Phase II clinical trial

Impact of Proviral-DNA M184V/I on 96-Week Outcomes of DTG/3TC Maintenance Therapy: Results From the VOLVER Clinical Trial.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026 · PMID 41665101

BACKGROUND: The effect of archived lamivudine resistance mutations in the efficacy of dolutegravir plus lamivudine (DTG/3TC) remains unclear. We evaluated whether proviral-DNA M184V/I detection is associated with virological outcomes in the VOLVER-GESIDA 11820 study. METHODS: This open-label, single-arm, multicenter phase IIa trial (NCT04880785) enrolled virologically suppressed adults with documented or suspected historical lamivudine resistance if the M184V/I mutation was not detected in baseline proviral DNA pop…

Rank80.1
Phase II clinical trial

Semaglutide improves markers of cardiovascular risk in people with HIV.

AIDS (London, England) · 2026 · PMID 42084141

OBJECTIVE: Semaglutide improves cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in people who are diabetic, overweight, or obese through incompletely understood mechanisms. To address this, we explored novel lipidomic and lipoprotein/glycoprotein profiling with semaglutide therapy. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of SLIM LIVER (ACTG A5371), an open-label, phase 2b, single-arm trial of 1 mg semaglutide weekly in adult people with HIV (PWH) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. METHODS: Participants ( n = 36) ex…

Prospective Cohort Studies60 records
Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysisResult signal: null

Diabetes risk in HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort evidence.

HIV medicine · 2026 · PMID 42108560

OBJECTIVES: To quantify the incidence rate (IR) of diabetes in people living with HIV (PLWH), assess disparities relative to HIV-negative individuals and clarify the associations of antiretroviral therapy (ART) exposure and treatment duration with diabetes incidence. METHODS: We searched PubMed up to July 20, 2025, for prospective cohort studies including PLWH aged ≥18 with ≥6 months of follow-up and reported diabetes incidence. Two reviewers independently assessed study quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and…

Rank95.8
Randomized controlled trial

Effect of an app-guided advanced cardiac life support algorithm on teamwork, non-technical skills, and workload in simulated in-hospital cardiac arrest: a randomized controlled feasibility trial.

Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2026 · PMID 42596010

BACKGROUND: In-hospital cardiac arrest carries high mortality despite advances in monitoring, rapid response systems, and adherence to advanced life support (ALS) guidelines. Digital decision-support tools, including mobile applications, are increasingly explored to improve guideline adherence, yet their impact on cognitive workload, team performance, and ALS performance remains uncertain. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, randomized, simulation-based controlled feasibility trial with 40 interprofessional teams …

Rank85.0
Randomized clinical study

Adding a Prevention Intervention to an Established App: The Blued+ HIV Prevention Pilot Study in Beijing and Chengdu, China.

Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026 · PMID 42740669

INTRODUCTION: HIV incidence among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China remains high, and the use of effective tools such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is suboptimal. Smartphone app interventions are promising yet rarely move beyond the research sphere. Rather than inventing stand-alone apps that rarely come to scale, integrating health interventions into existing multifunction apps would be a paradigm shift for research and practice. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, single-arm pilot study of an interve…

Rank85.0
Randomized clinical study

Comparing Approaches for Estimating Counterfactual HIV Incidence Among Populations With High Vulnerability to HIV in Lima, Peru: A Multi-Study Comparative Analysis.

Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026 · PMID 42740668

INTRODUCTION: The availability of highly efficacious HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) makes it unethical or infeasible to conduct inactive/placebo-controlled trials to evaluate new HIV prevention options. As a result, randomized active-control non-inferiority trials are typically employed; however, they require large sample sizes and extended follow-up. Moreover, their results can be hard to interpret. An alternative approach compares HIV incidence among individuals receiving a new PrEP product to a counterfactu…

Rank79.5
Multicenter clinical study

Using inability to walk to predict in-hospital mortality in a high-income country - A comparison with the National Early Warning Score in a multicenter prospective cohort.

Journal of critical care · 2026 · PMID 42044607

BACKGROUND: Inability to walk (IATW) has predicted mortality in emergency units and in low-income settings, but its value among inpatients in high-income countries is unknown. AIM: To evaluate the predictive accuracy of IATW for 30-day in-hospital mortality among inpatients in a high-income country, compare its performance with NEWS CRITICAL (the threshold for urgent review), and assess whether IATW provides complementary risk stratification when combined with NEWS. METHODS: All adult inpatients in four Swedish hos…

Rank79.5
Multicenter clinical studyResult signal: null

Renal outcomes with dolutegravir plus lamivudine versus bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in ART-naive adults with HIV.

AIDS (London, England) · 2026 · PMID 42084114

OBJECTIVE: Dolutegravir plus lamivudine (DTG + 3TC) and bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) are guideline-recommended first-line regimens for people with HIV (PWH), but their comparative renal safety remains unclear. We aimed to compare kidney outcomes between these regimens in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive PWH, stratified by baseline renal function. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, prospective cohort study in China (2018-2025) enrolling 2655 ART-naive PWH initiating DTG + 3TC ( n…

Rank78.4
Multicenter clinical study

Coronary Inflammation Is Associated With Plaque Progression in Men With HIV.

Circulation. Cardiovascular imaging · 2026 · PMID 42644238

BACKGROUND: People with HIV are at elevated risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease despite viral suppression, suggesting contributions from nontraditional mechanisms. Coronary vascular inflammation may play a role, but its relationship to plaque progression remains incompletely defined. The perivascular fat attenuation index (FAI) score, derived from coronary computed tomography angiography, is associated with vascular inflammation. We evaluated whether coronary inflammation is associated with the incidenc…

Rank77.8
Multicenter clinical study

Proteomic Immune Signatures of Severe HIV-Associated Tuberculosis in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Prospective, Multicenter Analysis From Uganda.

Critical care explorations · 2026 · PMID 42645154

OBJECTIVES: Severe tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of critical illness and death in people living with HIV (PLWH) worldwide. Despite this, the immunopathology of severe HIV-associated TB (HIV/TB) is poorly understood. We aimed to identify an immunopathologic signature of severe HIV/TB in sub-Saharan Africa. DESIGN AND SETTING: We analyzed proteomic data from two prospective observational cohorts of adults hospitalized with severe undifferentiated infection in Uganda: an urban discovery cohort (Entebbe, n = 241) …

Rank76.0
Multicenter clinical study

Clinical course and virologic dynamics of Mpox during tecovirimat treatment: Prospective multicenter case series in Japan.

Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy · 2026 · PMID 42521123

INTRODUCTION: At the time of this study, no approved treatment for mpox was available in Japan, and data on the clinical course and virological changes during tecovirimat treatment were limited. METHODS: We conducted a prospective multicenter observational case series of patients with PCR-confirmed mpox between June 28, 2022, and March 31, 2025, to describe the clinical course and safety of a 14-day course of tecovirimat. Participants could choose treatment or no treatment. RESULTS: All 31 participants received tec…

Rank75.3
Multicenter clinical study

COVID-19 vaccination among people with HIV in Uganda: lessons from a high-risk group with high vaccine uptake for the next pandemic.

Vaccine · 2026 · PMID 42430873

BACKGROUND: Despite the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine, vaccination rates vary across settings and populations, especially among people living with HIV (PLHIV). We assessed factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination among PLHIV in Mbarara, Uganda. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional, secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study consisting of PLHIV ≥18 years old on antiretroviral therapy (ART). We collected data on COVID-19 vaccine uptake and associated factors beginning in December 2021, 9 months a…

Rank73.5
Multicenter clinical study

CABO-CHANCE study: A real-life world study of cabotegravir plus rilpivirine long-acting intramuscular in ART-experienced people with HIV.

International journal of antimicrobial agents · 2026 · PMID 42409127

BACKGROUND: This study of people with HIV (PWH) receiving CAB + RPV LAI evaluated its effectiveness, safety, and impact on inflammatory markers, body fat/lean mass distributions, quality of life, sleep, health satisfaction, and stigma experience over 1 y. METHODS: A prospective, longitudinal, multicentre study was conducted in 15 hospitals and enrolled between June 2023 and January 2024. It included virologically suppressed PWH (HIV-1 RNA <50 c/mL for ≥6 months) switched from oral antiretroviral therapy to CAB + RP…

Rank73.0
Multicenter clinical studyResult signal: harm

Meningococcal and pneumococcal carriage in children with HIV.

AIDS (London, England) · 2026 · PMID 41879086

BACKGROUND: Children with HIV (CWH) remain at increased risk for colonization and invasive disease by Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae despite antiretroviral therapy (ART) and vaccination. Data on nasopharyngeal carriage in this group are limited in Türkiye. METHODS: In this multicenter prospective study, nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained from 80 CWH and 180 age-matched healthy controls between July and December 2024 in İstanbul and İzmir. Samples were analyzed by real-time PCR for N. meningitid…

Rank73.0
Multicenter clinical study

Heterogeneity of baseline immune activation and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine responses in people with HIV: a multicenter prospective study.

AIDS (London, England) · 2026 · PMID 42227026

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether baseline immune activation and inflammation contribute to heterogeneity in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced immunity in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated people with HIV (PWH) compared to controls. METHODS: In this multicenter prospective study, 159 ART-treated PWH from two cohorts and 56 HIV-negative controls were enrolled. The two PWH cohorts differed in immunovirological control: one showed sustained viral suppression and CD4 + T-cell recovery, the other per…

Rank71.9
Prospective cohort study

Risk Factors for Immunological Sensitization to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Progression to Incident TB Disease Among HIV-uninfected Adults in a High Burden Setting.

The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026 · PMID 41707096

BACKGROUND: Identifying risk factors for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) sensitization (defined as interferon-gamma release assays [IGRA]-positive) and progression to tuberculosis (TB) disease is critical to guide targeted prevention strategies. METHODS: We analyzed data from a prospective cohort of adults (18-60 years) without HIV, enrolled at five high-incidence South African sites. Participants underwent testing for Mtb sensitization and microbiologically confirmed TB at baseline, and during 15 months follow-up…

Rank71.7
Prospective cohort study

PrEP surfing: HIV preexposure prophylaxis use of sex partners as HIV prevention strategy among men who have sex with men.

AIDS (London, England) · 2026 · PMID 42013447

OBJECTIVE: Having condomless anal sex while relying on the HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use of one's sex partner is referred to as PrEP surfing. We aimed to estimate the proportion of men who have sex with men (MSM) practicing PrEP surfing, their intention to practice it, and determinants of both. DESIGN: Open prospective cohort study. METHODS: We included MSM participating in the Amsterdam Cohort Studies in 2021-2023. Biannually, participants completed questionnaires on recent (=preceding 6 months) sexual be…

Rank70.0
Prospective cohort studyResult signal: harm

Empiric tuberculosis treatment and 12-month mortality among sputum GeneXpert-negative adults living with HIV in Uganda in the era of widespread antiretroviral therapy: A prospective cohort study.

PloS one · 2026 · PMID 42709757

BACKGROUND: In sub-Saharan Africa where both tuberculosis (TB) and HIV are prevalent, empiric TB treatment in people living with HIV (PLHIV) persists due to limited sensitivity of sputum-based TB tests. We evaluated mortality among molecular test-negative presumptive TB adult PLHIV in a population with widespread antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage, comparing those empirically treated and not treated for TB. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From November 2017 to December 2020, Xpert-negative adult PLHIV were recruited at M…

Rank70.0
Multicenter clinical study

Twenty-four month effectiveness and safety of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in people with HIV: Real-world data from the BICSTaR Japan cohort.

Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy · 2026 · PMID 42551554

INTRODUCTION: BICSTaR (BICtegravir Single Tablet Regimen) is a multinational observational study assessing the virologic effectiveness and safety of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Previously, the 12-month analysis of the Japan cohort of BICSTaR showed high levels of virologic effectiveness and tolerability with B/F/TAF. METHODS: Data for 84 treatment-experienced (TE) or 116 treatment-naïve (TN) participants aged ≥20 years receiving B/F/TA…

Rank69.9
Prospective cohort study

Natural history of anal HSIL and predictive value of cytology and HPV biomarkers in MSM living with HIV: A prospective cohort study.

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2026 · PMID 42264069

OBJECTIVES: Men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV are at high risk for anal cancer, which arises from HPV-related high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). This study describes natural history of HSIL and identifies predictors of incidence and clearance using HPV DNA and E6/E7 mRNA biomarkers. METHODS: Prospective cohort of 354 MSM with HIV, followed for 2-4 years. Visitsisits included anal cytology, HPV DNA/mRNA testing, and high-resolution anoscopy. Composite cytological and histological outco…

Rank69.9
Prospective cohort study

Response times from gap detection threshold testing relate to cognitive processing speed in young adults.

Neuroscience · 2026 · PMID 42398888

OBJECTIVE: In addition to a gap detection threshold, an auditory gap detection task also provides information on response time. This study investigated the association of response time from an adaptive gap detection task with two validated measures of cognitive processing speed as well as scores from a cognitive screener, while accounting for the effects of age, peripheral hearing ability, and HIV status. DESIGN: Participants (age 17-45 years) were from a prospective cohort study in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania with nor…

Rank69.4
Prospective cohort study

Clinical and microbiological features of critical Clade Ib mpox in adults with HIV during a Ugandan outbreak.

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2026 · PMID 42341902

OBJECTIVES: Severe mpox in people living with HIV remains poorly characterized in African settings experiencing Clade 1b transmission. We characterized the clinical, virological, microbiological, and immunopathological features of critical illness during the 2025 mpox outbreak in Uganda. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study of 155 consecutively hospitalized adults with mpox in Uganda between 3 March and 10 April 2025 and performed a nested analysis of critically ill participants. Critically ill particip…

Rank69.4
Prospective cohort study

Lesion viral burden, multidrug-resistant superinfection, and HIV-associated haematological vulnerability in hospitalised clade Ib mpox: a prospective cohort study in Uganda.

EBioMedicine · 2026 · PMID 42556133

BACKGROUND: Mpox has shifted to sustained human-to-human transmission across Africa, yet integrated triage incorporating viral burden, bacterial co-infection, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), HIV status, and routine biomarkers remain scarce. METHODS: At Uganda's national mpox referral hospital, we prospectively enrolled 155 adults at 14 ± 2 days post-symptom onset; mpox was confirmed by lesion-swab qPCR (F3L), with clade assignment by whole-genome sequencing in a prespecified subset (March-April 2025). Lesion viral …

Rank69.1
Prospective cohort studyCorrection flagged

In-utero HIV exposure and postnatal growth to 8 years of age: a prospective cohort study in the Western Cape, South Africa.

The Lancet. Child & adolescent health · 2026 · PMID 42468539

BACKGROUND: The global scale-up of antiretroviral therapy for people living with HIV has led to an increase in children who are HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU), almost a quarter of whom lived in South Africa in 2024. These children might have suboptimal growth compared with children who are HIV-unexposed (HU), but few data are available beyond early childhood. We therefore evaluated differences in anthropometry by HIV exposure status from birth or from age 6 weeks, up to 8 years. METHODS: The Drakenstein Child Health …

Rank69.0
Prospective cohort study

Contribution of hepatic steatosis to subclinical atherosclerosis progression in people with HIV receiving integrase inhibitors: a 5-year prospective cohort study.

AIDS (London, England) · 2026 · PMID 41921079

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains elevated among people with HIV (PWH) despite virological suppression. Whether metabolic-hepatic abnormalities contribute to vascular remodeling during contemporary integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) remains uncertain. We evaluated long-term carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) trajectories and their metabolic, hepatic, and inflammatory determinants. METHODS AND DESIGN: We conducted a 5-year prospective cohor…

Rank69.0
Prospective cohort study

Caregiver burden experienced by mothers of infants who are HIV exposed uninfected compared to infants HIV unexposed: A prospective cohort study in Worcester, South Africa.

Journal of tropical pediatrics · 2026 · PMID 42632751

In low-income, high HIV prevalence settings, caregiving for a young child who is HIV exposed and uninfected (HEU) can place additional demands on a mother living with HIV while she manages her own health and the well-being of her child. We compared caregiver burden associated with infants' healthcare needs, perceived by mothers of infants who were HEU and HIV-unexposed, uninfected (HUU). This nested sub-study of a prospective cohort study was conducted within the public primary healthcare setting in Western Cape, S…

Rank68.8
Prospective cohort study

Baseline Fatty Acids and Time-Averaged Executive Function in Ugandan Children With Perinatal HIV.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2026 · PMID 42627725

Fatty acids (FAs) play critical neurodevelopmental roles, yet associations with executive function among children affected by perinatal HIV remain poorly characterized. This prospective cohort study examined associations between serum FAs and caregiver-reported executive function and evaluated effect modification by perinatal HIV status among 6-10-year-old Ugandan children who had perinatal HIV infection (CPHIV; n = 84), were HIV exposed but uninfected (CHEU; n = 78), or were HIV unexposed and uninfected (CHUU; n =…

Quality Of Life60 records
Rank108.2
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Quality of Life in Children With Cochlear Implants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Different Quality of Life Domains.

Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2026 · PMID 42525886

PURPOSE: The primary objective of this study was to assess the quality of life (QoL) in children with cochlear implants (CIs) from the children's and parents' perspectives through utilizing the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) and KINDL questionnaires. A secondary objective was to compare the QoL of children with CIs to those using hearing aids and to children with normal hearing (NH). METHOD: A total of 1,830 records were obtained since the search was systematically carried out across databases, which …

Rank106.7
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Hearing aids for mild to moderate hearing loss in adults.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026 · PMID 42644645

RATIONALE: This is an update of an existing review. The main clinical intervention for mild to moderate hearing loss is the provision of hearing aids, which amplify speech in addition to environmental sounds. Hearing aids are routinely offered and fitted to those who seek help for hearing difficulties. Since the previous 2017 review, further randomised-controlled trials (RCTs) have been published. This review updates the certainty of the evidence and assesses two additional outcomes: mental health and cognition. OB…

Rank105.4
Systematic review or meta-analysisResult signal: null

Assistive technologies (lumbar supports and other devices) for treating chronic low back pain.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026 · PMID 42680183

RATIONALE: Low back pain (LBP) is a major global health problem. It is the most common cause of activity limitation amongst individuals younger than 45 years, and one of the most frequent reasons for visits to a doctor. The 2019 Global Burden of Disease study named LBP as the leading cause of the need for rehabilitation, estimated to affect 568 million people. Its socioeconomic burden is substantial, with LBP-related costs from productivity loss and healthcare services utilisation making a significant impact on nat…

Rank105.1
Systematic review or meta-analysis

The benefit of physical exercise in improving quality of life, VO2 max and sleep quality among older adults living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Geriatric nursing (New York, N.Y.) · 2026 · PMID 42365772

BACKGROUND: Older adults living with HIV face multiple health challenges, yet evidence on the impact of exercise on their well-being remains limited. Regular physical activity is known to have multiple benefits in general aging population, but its specific benefits for those with HIV are less established. AIM: This review assessed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of physical exercise on quality of life, VO₂ max, and sleep quality among seniors with HIV. METHODS: A systematic search was …

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Effectiveness of low vision rehabilitation on visual function and quality of life in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.

Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2026 · PMID 42718717

AIM: This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of low vision rehabilitation on visual outcomes and quality of life in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). DATA SOURCES: Databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, CENTRAL, Google Scholar, and Scopus were searched from inception to May 2025. Searches were restricted to English-language publications. REVIEW METHODS: Titles and abstracts were screened in Covidence, with data extraction performed independently by two reviewers and disagreements resolved by consensus. Method…

Rank98.0
Systematic review or meta-analysisCorrection flagged

Updating knowledge on existing approaches on advanced care planning interventions: An umbrella review.

Archives of gerontology and geriatrics · 2026 · PMID 42085825

CONTEXT: Advanced care planning (ACP) can reduce hospitalizations, increase quality of life, and align treatment with patient wishes, while lowering healthcare costs. However, healthcare providers' discomfort, lack of training, and patient anxiety may hinder ACP. Furthermore, disparities exist among minority and low-income groups. Growing research highlights the need for standardized definitions and broader implementation, especially post-COVID-19, incorporating digital tools, economic impacts, ethics, and family r…

Rank98.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Developing and evaluating measurement instruments for intensive and high-acuity care: A practical six-step guide aligned with international measurement standards.

Australian critical care : official journal of the Confederation of Australian Critical Care Nurses · 2026 · PMID 42673737

INTRODUCTION: Clinical decisions in intensive care, emergency, and high-dependency settings depend on defensible measurement of patient outcomes, care processes, and staff and family experiences. Systematic reviews have found that most outcome instruments used in acute care and survivorship research lack adequate evidence for key measurement properties, limiting confidence in research synthesis and clinical translation. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to provide a practical, six-step guide for developing and …

Rank96.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Interventions to Improve the informed consent process and perioperative education for women undergoing hysterectomy for benign indications: A systematic review.

Journal of minimally invasive gynecology · 2026 · PMID 42660312

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review interventions designed to improve the informed consent process and perioperative education for women undergoing hysterectomy for benign indications. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were searched from inception to February 2026. METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION: We included comparative studies evaluating interventions intended to improve perioperative counseling for women undergoing benign hysterectomy. Eligible studies reported consent- or knowledge-related, perioper…

Rank88.0
Randomized clinical study

Primary Care-Integrated mHealth Intervention for HIV Self-management Among Thai Men Who Have Sex With Men Living With HIV: A Mixed-Methods Feasibility Study.

The Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care : JANAC · 2026 · PMID 42565468

Thai men who have sex with men living with HIV face persistent self-management challenges. This Phase 2 mixed-methods quasi-experimental study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of the Interactive HIV/AIDS Self-Management Education Application, a theory-informed mHealth intervention integrated within primary care. Sixty-three participants (n = 32 intervention; n = 31 comparison) were assessed at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks, with propensity score weighting used to reduce bias. Fea…

Rank85.0
Randomized clinical study

Factors Associated With Improved Physical Performance in Individuals With Parkinson's Disease Using the Fisior® Sequential Square Mat Walking Training Program: A Secondary Gender-Stratified Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Journal of central nervous system disease · 2026 · PMID 42572563

BACKGROUND: Variability in functional response to exercise interventions in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains poorly understood. Sex-related differences in motor performance and rehabilitation outcomes have been described but are rarely examined within intervention studies. This study presents a secondary sex-stratified analysis of a previously published randomized controlled trial (RCT) to explore factors associated with differential improvements in physical performance. OBJECTIVES: To analyze sex-specific factors …

Rank73.5
Multicenter clinical study

CABO-CHANCE study: A real-life world study of cabotegravir plus rilpivirine long-acting intramuscular in ART-experienced people with HIV.

International journal of antimicrobial agents · 2026 · PMID 42409127

BACKGROUND: This study of people with HIV (PWH) receiving CAB + RPV LAI evaluated its effectiveness, safety, and impact on inflammatory markers, body fat/lean mass distributions, quality of life, sleep, health satisfaction, and stigma experience over 1 y. METHODS: A prospective, longitudinal, multicentre study was conducted in 15 hospitals and enrolled between June 2023 and January 2024. It included virologically suppressed PWH (HIV-1 RNA <50 c/mL for ≥6 months) switched from oral antiretroviral therapy to CAB + RP…

Rank73.0
Multicenter clinical study

A head-to-head comparison of health utilities and measurement properties of the EQ-5D-5L and SF-6Dv2 among people living with HIV in China.

Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026 · PMID 42717154

PURPOSE: To compare health utilities and measurement properties of the EQ-5D-5L and SF-6Dv2 among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in China, and to identify factors associated with utility values. METHODS: A multicenter cross-sectional survey was conducted among PLHIV in Shandong, Guangdong, and Sichuan provinces. Utilities were calculated using Chinese value sets. Ceiling/floor effects were evaluated. Convergent validity and agreement were assessed using Spearman's rank correlation, intraclass correlation coefficien…

Rank73.0
Multicenter clinical study

Patient-reported quality of life in people living with HIV in Romania: a cross-sectional PROM-based study.

HIV research & clinical practice · 2026 · PMID 42169383

BACKGROUND: In Romania, people living with HIV represent heterogeneous cohorts shaped by distinct epidemiological and social contexts. While antiretroviral therapy (ART) has markedly improved survival, quality-of-life (QoL) encompasses broader dimensions not fully captured by clinical indicators. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) offer a valuable approach to understanding these dimensions in routine care. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, cross-sectional study using the OCTAVE PROM to assess patient-repo…

Rank70.0
Multicenter clinical study

Twenty-four month effectiveness and safety of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in people with HIV: Real-world data from the BICSTaR Japan cohort.

Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy · 2026 · PMID 42551554

INTRODUCTION: BICSTaR (BICtegravir Single Tablet Regimen) is a multinational observational study assessing the virologic effectiveness and safety of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Previously, the 12-month analysis of the Japan cohort of BICSTaR showed high levels of virologic effectiveness and tolerability with B/F/TAF. METHODS: Data for 84 treatment-experienced (TE) or 116 treatment-naïve (TN) participants aged ≥20 years receiving B/F/TA…

Rank70.0
Multicenter clinical study

Standing strong and tall-improving mobility and balance in older Aboriginal people through the Ironbark program.

Age and ageing · 2026 · PMID 42704260

BACKGROUND: Prevention of falls aids healthy ageing, but there are few Aboriginal-led and designed programs. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Ironbark, an Aboriginal co-designed fall prevention program, on functional mobility, a key indicator of falls. METHODS: This controlled pre-post study was conducted in organisations delivering services to Aboriginal people aged 45 years and older in New South Wales and Western Australia. A co-designed fall prevention program incorporating exercises and y…

Rank50.6
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Long-Term Clinical Performance of a Wide-Diameter Bone-Anchored Hearing Implant: Over 10 Years of Follow-up.

Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology · 2026 · PMID 42727587

OBJECTIVE: To investigate long-term survival and stability of a wide-diameter bone-anchored hearing implant, soft tissue reactions, and quality of life at least 10 years after implantation. STUDY DESIGN: This study is a continuation of previously published single-center trials with 6-month, 3-year, and 5-year results, adding one follow-up visit at least 10 years postimplantation. PATIENTS AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A total of 48 patients (49 implants) from 63 participants in previous trials, all of whom received th…

Rank50.6
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Episodic memory rehabilitation for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders: A scoping review.

Journal of neuropsychology · 2026 · PMID 42545869

Despite extensive research on HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), interest in cognitive rehabilitation has emerged only within the past 15 years. HAND are characterised by mild-to-moderate impairments in multiple cognitive domains: attention, episodic memory and executive functions. In the context of HAND, the prevalence of episodic memory disorders is high, ranging from 40% to 65% across studies. This scoping review aims to identify available evidence of rehabilitation programmes targeting episodic mem…

Rank50.4
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Health-Related Quality of Life in Well-treated People With HIV and Comparators Over an 8-year Period: A Longitudinal Analysis From the Prospective AGEhIV Cohort Study.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026 · PMID 42133472

BACKGROUND: People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) experience more comorbidities, which can reduce health-related quality of life (HRQoL). We compared HRQoL and depressive symptoms over 8 years in people with and without HIV in the AGEhIV study. METHODS: We assessed HRQoL biennially from 2010 to 2020 using 36-item Short Form Survey (SF-36) Physical and Mental Component Scores (PCS and MCS) and measured depressive symptoms with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Participants with …

Rank50.1
Other PubMed-indexed publicationResult signal: harm

Assessment of depression, anxiety and predictors of mental health burden among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Ethiopia.

Eastern Mediterranean health journal = La revue de sante de la Mediterranee orientale = al-Majallah al-sihhiyah li-sharq al-mutawassit · 2026 · PMID 42626801

BACKGROUND: Depression and anxiety are prevalent comorbidities and a major concern for patients with tuberculosis. They are associated with low quality-of-life, poor treatment adherence and increased risk of mortality and morbidity. AIM: To assess the prevalence of depression and anxiety and their predictors among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. METHODS: Between January and April 2025, we interviewed 360 patients aged ≥ 18 years, who were confirmed to have pulmonary tuberculosis and ha…

Rank49.9
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Burden of disease in US patients with skeletal versus muscular or pain manifestations of hypophosphatasia: An analysis from the Global HPP Registry.

Bone · 2026 · PMID 42365936

BACKGROUND: Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a metabolic disorder characterized by deficient alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, defective mineralization of bones and teeth, and non-skeletal manifestations. We compared disease burden between patients with skeletal and non-skeletal manifestations. METHODS: Data from US adults enrolled in the Global HPP Registry through July 2024 were analyzed to compare baseline characteristics, genetic testing results, functional outcomes, and patient-reported outcomes between participan…

Rank49.5
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Health-related quality of life and its determinants among patients with diabetes mellitus in a selected hospital in Sri Lanka: a cross-sectional study.

BMC endocrine disorders · 2026 · PMID 42733114

INTRODUCTION: Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) is an excellent measure of life expectancy, particularly for those with a specific condition. Evaluation of QoL facilitates clinical decision-making, enhances communication with the patient, and aids in predicting therapy response. QoL can forecast a person's ability to control their illness and preserve their long-term health and well-being. This study aimed to determine HRQoL and its socio-demographic and clinical determinants among Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patie…

Rank48.5
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Integration of clinical variables and CT radiomics features in a nomogram for predicting interstitial lung disease in Sjögren's syndrome.

Journal of thoracic disease · 2026 · PMID 42724398

BACKGROUND: Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic disease characterized by a chronic autoimmune response, with complex and diverse clinical manifestations due to its multi-organ involvement, often complicated by interstitial lung disease (ILD), which severely impairs patients' quality of life. Early identification of ILD in SS patients is of significant clinical importance, but challenges remain. This study aims to construct and validate a predictive model integrating clinical and computed tomography (CT) imaging f…

Rank48.5
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Assessment of Self-Perceived Hearing Disability Using the Arabic Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing Scale-12 (SSQ-12) Among Adults Referred for Contralateral Routing of Signal/Bilateral Contralateral Routing of Signal (CROS/BiCROS) Evaluation.

Cureus · 2026 · PMID 42733831

BACKGROUND: Unilateral hearing loss (UHL), single-sided deafness (SSD), and asymmetric hearing loss (AHL) impair speech understanding in noise, sound localization, and overall communication. These conditions are commonly managed with contralateral routing of signal (CROS) or bilateral CROS (BiCROS) hearing aids. Culturally appropriate, psychometrically sound patient-reported outcome measures are needed to characterize self-perceived hearing disability in Arabic-speaking populations prior to fitting. OBJECTIVE: To c…

Rank47.6
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Exploring factors influencing assistive device uptake among persons with physical and hearing impairments in the Ashanti region of Ghana.

Disability and rehabilitation. Assistive technology · 2026 · PMID 42636274

PURPOSE: To explore factors influencing assistive device uptake among persons with physical and hearing impairments in the Ashanti region of Ghana. METHOD: This study used the qualitative study design going by the interpretive approach. Data was gathered through an in-depth interview using a semi-structured interview guide with 21 participants across five districts in Ashanti region using a convenience sampling. Interviews were recorded using a recorder, was transcribed verbatim and thematic analysis was used for t…

Rank47.6
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Behavioral and Subjective Music Perception and Appreciation in Adults with Hearing Aids, Cochlear Implants, and Typical Hearing.

Audiology research · 2026 · PMID 42645124

Background/Objectives: Even with the use of hearing aid or cochlear implant technologies, adults who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) exhibit difficulty perceiving musical characteristics compared to peers with typical hearing, but do not necessarily report a consistent decrease in appreciation of musical activities. This study addresses a gap in the literature by examining the effect of both hearing status (i.e., DHH versus typical hearing) and hearing technology (i.e., hearing aids versus cochlear implants) on b…

Randomized Controlled Trials60 records
Rank107.8
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Incidence of neonatal sepsis among HIV exposed neonates of mothers on integrase strand transfer inhibitors in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BMC infectious diseases · 2026 · PMID 42601609

INTRODUCTION: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-exposed infants face elevated risks of neonatal sepsis, influenced by maternal antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens. Dolutegravir (DTG), a widely used integrase transfer inhibitor (INSTI), and the preferred first line drugs for management of HIV in pregnancy, has shown potential adverse effects such as hyperglycaemia, which may impact neonatal outcomes including risk of neonatal sepsis. We estimated the pooled incidence of neonatal sepsis among neonates exposed to I…

Rank107.1
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Efficacy and safety of doravirine/islatravir for HIV-1: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

HIV research & clinical practice · 2026 · PMID 42400399

BACKGROUND: The combination of doravirine and islatravir (DOR/ISL) is a novel two-drug regimen for HIV-1. Early development faced challenges due to dose-dependent immunological signals. We aimed to synthesize the evidence on the efficacy and safety of DOR/ISL across all treatment-experience categories, specifically evaluating the impact of islatravir dosage (0.25 mg vs 0.75 mg) on clinical and immunological outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) …

Rank106.7
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Hearing aids for mild to moderate hearing loss in adults.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026 · PMID 42644645

RATIONALE: This is an update of an existing review. The main clinical intervention for mild to moderate hearing loss is the provision of hearing aids, which amplify speech in addition to environmental sounds. Hearing aids are routinely offered and fitted to those who seek help for hearing difficulties. Since the previous 2017 review, further randomised-controlled trials (RCTs) have been published. This review updates the certainty of the evidence and assesses two additional outcomes: mental health and cognition. OB…

Rank105.4
Systematic review or meta-analysisResult signal: null

Assistive technologies (lumbar supports and other devices) for treating chronic low back pain.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026 · PMID 42680183

RATIONALE: Low back pain (LBP) is a major global health problem. It is the most common cause of activity limitation amongst individuals younger than 45 years, and one of the most frequent reasons for visits to a doctor. The 2019 Global Burden of Disease study named LBP as the leading cause of the need for rehabilitation, estimated to affect 568 million people. Its socioeconomic burden is substantial, with LBP-related costs from productivity loss and healthcare services utilisation making a significant impact on nat…

Rank105.1
Systematic review or meta-analysis

The benefit of physical exercise in improving quality of life, VO2 max and sleep quality among older adults living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Geriatric nursing (New York, N.Y.) · 2026 · PMID 42365772

BACKGROUND: Older adults living with HIV face multiple health challenges, yet evidence on the impact of exercise on their well-being remains limited. Regular physical activity is known to have multiple benefits in general aging population, but its specific benefits for those with HIV are less established. AIM: This review assessed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of physical exercise on quality of life, VO₂ max, and sleep quality among seniors with HIV. METHODS: A systematic search was …

Rank103.4
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Interventions to improve viral suppression and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

The lancet. HIV · 2026 · PMID 42556371

BACKGROUND: In 2025, 78% of people living with HIV worldwide were on antiretroviral therapy 95% of people on treatment were virally suppressed. Suboptimal adherence, defined as not taking interventions as prescribed, threatens viral suppression and can lead to antiviral resistance, morbidity, mortality, and transmission. We updated a systematic review and network meta-analysis to estimate the effects of different adherence interventions on adherence and viral suppression. METHODS: In this systematic review and netw…

Rank101.7
Randomized controlled trial

Effect of a person-centered care intervention on return and sustained reengagement after treatment interruptions from HIV care in Zambia: A post-hoc analysis of a stepped-wedged cluster randomized trial.

PLoS medicine · 2026 · PMID 42679007

BACKGROUND: Poor client-provider interactions lead to reinforcing cycles of treatment interruptions (TIs) from HIV care and fear of return, undermining sustained retention. We previously demonstrated a multi-component person-centered care intervention (PCC) targeting healthcare worker (HCW) behavior improved client experience and retention in HIV care. To understand mechanisms of improved retention, we evaluated the effect of the PCC intervention on return after TIs and sustained retention after return in a post-ho…

Rank100.3
Randomized controlled trial

Efavirenz 400 vs 600 mg combined with lamivudine and tenofovir in treatment-naïve HIV-infected patients in China: A randomized, multi-centered, controlled trial.

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2026 · PMID 42235914

BACKGROUND: Optimizing efavirenz (EFV) dosing to minimize adverse events (AEs) remains a critical issue. Studies indicate that reducing the EFV dose from 600 to 400 mg daily lowers side effect intensity while maintaining virological suppression. We previously showed that 600 mg daily EFV may lead to unnecessarily high exposure in Chinese patients, but the long-term efficacy and safety of dose reduction beyond 48 weeks in this population remain unknown. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, randomized controlled tria…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysisResult signal: benefit

Temporal shifts in antiretroviral therapy regimens and metabolic outcomes in people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

HIV medicine · 2026 · PMID 42165254

INTRODUCTION: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for people living with HIV has led to dramatically reduced mortality and improved life expectancy. This achievement is accompanied by a higher risk for metabolic and other non-communicable diseases. The role and contribution of various ART regimens to adverse metabolic outcomes are not fully understood. We aimed to systematically evaluate the risk of metabolic outcomes associated with ART and to describe temporal trends in these risks across the modern ART era. METHODS: Fo…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Effectiveness of sexual health interventions in reducing risky sexual behaviors among people living with HIV: a network meta-analysis and systematic review.

Frontiers in public health · 2026 · PMID 42683489

INTRODUCTION: Numerous sexual health interventions have been employed to promote safer sexual practices among people living with HIV (PLWH). However, their effectiveness remains uncertain. OBJECTIVES: This review aimed to assess and rank the effectiveness of different sexual health interventions targeting risky sexual behaviors in PLWH. METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, Elsevier, the Web of Science, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library for studies published between January 2010 and June 2025. Randomized contr…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Integrating Shared Decision-Making Into Breast Cancer Postmastectomy Reconstruction: A Systematic Review of Evidence, Barriers, and Real-World Implementation.

International journal of cancer · 2026 · PMID 42098969

This systematic review synthesizes empirical evidence on the development, effectiveness, patient experience, and implementation of decision aids (DAs) for postmastectomy breast reconstruction (PMBR) and to evaluate the role of pre-consultation educational interventions in supporting shared decision-making (SDM). Following PRISMA guidelines and a preregistered protocol (OSF: https://osf.io/mu9hv), six electronic databases and gray literature sources were searched for studies on PMBR DAs through November 2025. Eligib…

Rank99.5
Randomized controlled trial

HIV acquisitions, safety, and pharmacokinetics of lenacapavir for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in pregnant and lactating women (PURPOSE 1): a substudy of a phase 3, randomised controlled trial.

The lancet. HIV · 2026 · PMID 42442378

BACKGROUND: Lenacapavir demonstrated high efficacy and safety as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in cisgender women, but its use during pregnancy and lactation when women are disproportionately vulnerable to HIV acquisition has not previously been described. We aimed to evaluate HIV acquisition, safety, and pharmacokinetics of lenacapavir for PrEP in pregnant and lactating women. METHODS: The randomised, double-blind, multicentre, active-controlled, phase 3 PURPOSE 1 study compared twice-yearly subcutaneous lenacap…

Rank99.3
Randomized controlled trialResult signal: null

Efficacy and safety of the Chinese herbal medicine Yiaikang capsule in treating AIDS: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.

Journal of ethnopharmacology · 2026 · PMID 41967778

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The Shuyu pill is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, used to treat Xu Lao for over 1800 years. Studies have reported the effectiveness of Yiaikang capsules (YAK), a modified form of Shuyu pills, in AIDS treatment. However, clinical evidence for the management of AIDS using YAK is lacking. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of YAK combined with antiretroviral therapy (ART) among people living with HIV infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a randomized, do…

Rank98.4
Randomized controlled trial

Expanding Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra and lateral flow urine lipoarabinomannan testing for diagnosis of tuberculosis among adults living with HIV admitted to hospitals in Tanzania and Mozambique (EXULTANT): a randomised controlled trial.

The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2026 · PMID 42105779

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis is the main cause of death among hospitalised people living with HIV. Non-sputum-based diagnostics could improve patient outcomes. The EXULTANT trial aims to evaluate an expanded tuberculosis screening strategy among people with HIV in two African countries with a high tuberculosis and HIV burden. METHODS: This pragmatic, individually randomised controlled superiority trial was conducted across 11 hospitals in Tanzania and Mozambique. We consecutively enrolled adults living with HIV (aged ≥…

Rank97.8
Randomized controlled trial

Recruitment Source and Participant Retention in a Digital HIV Prevention Intervention for Young Black and Latino Men and Transgender Women: Secondary Analysis of the HealthMpowerment 2.0 Randomized Controlled Trial.

JMIR formative research · 2026 · PMID 42647085

BACKGROUND: Young Black and Latino men who have sex with men and transgender women who have sex with men (YBLMT) experience disproportionate HIV-related health disparities in the United States. Digital health interventions offer scalable HIV prevention and support services for these populations. However, recruitment strategies may influence both sample demographics and participant retention, which is critical for intervention effectiveness. OBJECTIVE: This study examined whether recruitment source was associated wi…

Rank97.7
Randomized controlled trial

Switch to once-weekly, single-tablet islatravir-lenacapavir from daily standard of care for HIV-1 (ISLEND-2): a multicentre, randomised, open-label, active-controlled, phase 3 non-inferiority trial.

Lancet (London, England) · 2026 · PMID 42586113

BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapies with long dosing intervals have the potential to improve virological outcomes and treatment satisfaction for people with HIV-1. We report the primary endpoint results from week 48 of ISLEND-2, a phase 3 trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of switching to once-weekly oral islatravir-lenacapavir from daily oral standard of care in virologically suppressed adults with HIV-1. METHODS: This randomised, open-label, active-controlled, phase 3 non-inferiority trial was conducted at…

Rank97.6
Randomized controlled trialResult signal: null

Hypertension in a Randomized Trial of Dolutegravir- Versus Efavirenz-Based Antiretroviral Therapy in Pregnant and Postpartum Women with HIV.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026 · PMID 41973953

INTRODUCTION: We performed an analysis of incident hypertension in a randomized trial comparing dolutegravir (DTG) + emtricitabine (F)/tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) versus DTG + F/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) versus efavirenz (EFV)/F/TDF in pregnant and postpartum women with HIV. METHODS: Women were randomized at 14-28 weeks gestational age (GA) to start DTG + F/TAF, DTG + F/TDF, or EFV/F/TDF and followed through 50 weeks postpartum. The composite incident hypertension outcome was defined as initiation of anti…

Rank97.5
Randomized controlled trial

Effectiveness of interventions to promote couples-based HIV testing and family health during pregnancy and postpartum in Kenya: a multicentre, couples-based, randomised controlled trial.

The lancet. HIV · 2026 · PMID 42372779

BACKGROUND: Engaging couples during pregnancy can improve HIV prevention and family health. We examined the effectiveness of two couples-focused interventions on uptake of couples HIV testing and counselling (CHTC) and maternal and child health outcomes. METHODS: In this multicentre, couples-based, randomised controlled trial, HIV status-concordant and HIV status-discordant pregnant couples (aged ≥15 years) from 24 antenatal clinics across Migori and Kisumu counties in Kenya were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to one of…

Rank97.4
Randomized controlled trial

Safety and Tolerability of Oral Islatravir Once Monthly as Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in Cisgender Men and Transgender Women Who Have an Elevated Likelihood of HIV-1 Exposure: Results From the IMPOWER-24 Randomized Phase 3 Study.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026 · PMID 41830344

BACKGROUND: Islatravir once monthly (qm), a nucleoside reverse transcriptase translocation inhibitor with a long half-life, was evaluated for safety and tolerability in cisgender men and transgender women who have sex with men and are at increased likelihood of HIV-1 (HIV) exposure. METHODS: IMPOWER-24 (NCT04652700) was a double-blind, Phase 3 study. Participants were randomized 2:1 to islatravir 60 mg oral qm or emtricitabine (FTC; 200 mg) coformulated with either tenofovir disoproxil (245 mg) or tenofovir alafena…

Rank97.0
Randomized controlled trial

Cost-Effectiveness of a Blended Learning Training Approach for Health Care Workers Conducting HIV Index Case Testing in Malawi: Secondary Economic Analysis of a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial.

JMIR medical education · 2026 · PMID 42660541

BACKGROUND: Index case testing (ICT) is an effective strategy for HIV case finding, but implementation in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is often limited by cost and logistical challenges. Traditional ICT training-centralized and in-person-is costly, disrupts service delivery, and varies in quality. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of a blended learning (BL) implementation package designed to build health care worker capacity for ICT, combining tablet-guided teaching and practice ses…

Rank96.9
Randomized controlled trial

Impact of motivational interviewing training for lay counsellors on HIV care outcomes in South Africa: a cluster-randomized pilot trial.

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2026 · PMID 42323157

BACKGROUND: Retention in HIV care remains challenging in sub-Saharan Africa. We evaluated whether training lay counsellors in Motivational Interviewing (MI) could improve outcomes among newly diagnosed people living with HIV (PLHIV) in South Africa. METHODS: We conducted a cluster-randomized pilot trial in eight Johannesburg primary healthcare clinics, randomized 1:1 to Thusa-Thuso intervention (7-day MI training plus 12-month mentorship) or standard-of-care (SOC). Adults PLHIV (≥18 years) were enrolled and followe…

Rank96.6
Randomized controlled trial

Same-day initiation of tenofovir alafenamide-based pre-exposure prophylaxis with drug-level feedback for transgender women in Uganda.

AIDS (London, England) · 2026 · PMID 42657610

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of same-day initiation of emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (F/TAF) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and test the impact of drug-level feedback on PrEP adherence among transgender women (TGW) in Uganda. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. METHODS: HIV-negative TGW were randomly assigned 1 : 1 to intervention (drug-level feedback with tailored adherence counseling) or standard-of-care (SOC), and followed quarterly for 12 months (November 2021-July 2023; NCT0…

Rank95.8
Randomized controlled trial

Effect of an app-guided advanced cardiac life support algorithm on teamwork, non-technical skills, and workload in simulated in-hospital cardiac arrest: a randomized controlled feasibility trial.

Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2026 · PMID 42596010

BACKGROUND: In-hospital cardiac arrest carries high mortality despite advances in monitoring, rapid response systems, and adherence to advanced life support (ALS) guidelines. Digital decision-support tools, including mobile applications, are increasingly explored to improve guideline adherence, yet their impact on cognitive workload, team performance, and ALS performance remains uncertain. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, randomized, simulation-based controlled feasibility trial with 40 interprofessional teams …

Rank95.5
Randomized controlled trial

Effectiveness of an educational video for caregivers of children with neurogenic bladder: A randomized controlled trial.

Journal of pediatric urology · 2026 · PMID 42361617

BACKGROUND: The complexity of neurogenic bladder (NGB) management underscores the importance of caregiver education, yet high-quality education materials remain scarce. This study aims to assess the effectiveness and acceptability of an educational video designed to improve knowledge about NGB among caregivers of children with this condition. METHODS: We identified English-speaking caregivers of patients aged zero to 18 years, diagnosed with NGB, without prior major bladder reconstructive surgery, who received care…

Rank95.1
Randomized controlled trial

Pathways of onward HIV disclosure in relationships among young people living with vertically acquired HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy: A qualitative analysis from the BREATHER Plus trial, South Africa.

Global public health · 2026 · PMID 42623024

For young people living with HIV (YPLHIV) navigating their status since birth, managing onward disclosure of a potentially stigmatising condition in relationships is challenging, and may or may not lead to social support, with implications for wellbeing. In a clinical trial setting in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, we investigate how young people living with vertically acquired HIV navigate onward disclosure. Data were from the qualitative component of the BREATHER Plus randomised controlled trial evaluating the effi…

Safety And Adverse Effects59 records
Rank108.3
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Immunogenicity and safety of prophylactic HPV vaccines in people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026 · PMID 42684271

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major global public health concern, causing genital warts and cancers of the cervix, anus, oropharynx, vulva, and penis. People living with HIV (PLWH) face a disproportionately elevated burden of HPV infection and HPV-related malignancies due to chronic immunosuppression. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis searching six databases from January 2006 to June 2026 without language restrictions. Twenty-five studies were included in the systematic review; 12 independent stu…

Rank107.1
Systematic review or meta-analysis

Efficacy and safety of doravirine/islatravir for HIV-1: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

HIV research & clinical practice · 2026 · PMID 42400399

BACKGROUND: The combination of doravirine and islatravir (DOR/ISL) is a novel two-drug regimen for HIV-1. Early development faced challenges due to dose-dependent immunological signals. We aimed to synthesize the evidence on the efficacy and safety of DOR/ISL across all treatment-experience categories, specifically evaluating the impact of islatravir dosage (0.25 mg vs 0.75 mg) on clinical and immunological outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) …

Rank105.4
Systematic review or meta-analysisResult signal: null

Assistive technologies (lumbar supports and other devices) for treating chronic low back pain.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026 · PMID 42680183

RATIONALE: Low back pain (LBP) is a major global health problem. It is the most common cause of activity limitation amongst individuals younger than 45 years, and one of the most frequent reasons for visits to a doctor. The 2019 Global Burden of Disease study named LBP as the leading cause of the need for rehabilitation, estimated to affect 568 million people. Its socioeconomic burden is substantial, with LBP-related costs from productivity loss and healthcare services utilisation making a significant impact on nat…

Rank103.1
Systematic review or meta-analysisResult signal: null

Doravirine and islatravir for HIV-1 treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis with GRADE assessment.

Therapeutic advances in infectious disease · 2026 · PMID 42694334

BACKGROUND: Two-drug antiretroviral regimens are increasingly explored to simplify HIV-1 treatment while maintaining durable viral suppression. Doravirine combined with Islatravir (DOR/ISL) represents a novel non-integrase strand transfer inhibitor (non-INSTI) regimen. However, comprehensive synthesized evidence remains limited. OBJECTIVES: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of fixed-dose Doravirine (100 mg) plus Islatravir (0.25 or 0.75 mg) for HIV-1 treatment in adults. DESIGN: Systematic Review a…

Rank100.0
Systematic review or meta-analysisResult signal: null

Safety and Immunogenicity of Varicella Vaccination in Children and Adolescents Living With HIV: A Systematic Review.

The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2026 · PMID 42108526

INTRODUCTION: Preventing varicella-zoster virus infection is important in the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive persons. Varicella remains endemic worldwide, and HIV-positive persons can experience greater morbidity than the general population. We summarized the global literature on the safety and immunogenicity of the varicella vaccine in HIV-positive children. METHODS: Systematic review of original reports on varicella vaccination of HIV-positive children, published through December 31, 20…

Rank97.6
Randomized controlled trialResult signal: null

Hypertension in a Randomized Trial of Dolutegravir- Versus Efavirenz-Based Antiretroviral Therapy in Pregnant and Postpartum Women with HIV.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026 · PMID 41973953

INTRODUCTION: We performed an analysis of incident hypertension in a randomized trial comparing dolutegravir (DTG) + emtricitabine (F)/tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) versus DTG + F/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) versus efavirenz (EFV)/F/TDF in pregnant and postpartum women with HIV. METHODS: Women were randomized at 14-28 weeks gestational age (GA) to start DTG + F/TAF, DTG + F/TDF, or EFV/F/TDF and followed through 50 weeks postpartum. The composite incident hypertension outcome was defined as initiation of anti…

Rank97.4
Randomized controlled trial

Safety and Tolerability of Oral Islatravir Once Monthly as Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in Cisgender Men and Transgender Women Who Have an Elevated Likelihood of HIV-1 Exposure: Results From the IMPOWER-24 Randomized Phase 3 Study.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026 · PMID 41830344

BACKGROUND: Islatravir once monthly (qm), a nucleoside reverse transcriptase translocation inhibitor with a long half-life, was evaluated for safety and tolerability in cisgender men and transgender women who have sex with men and are at increased likelihood of HIV-1 (HIV) exposure. METHODS: IMPOWER-24 (NCT04652700) was a double-blind, Phase 3 study. Participants were randomized 2:1 to islatravir 60 mg oral qm or emtricitabine (FTC; 200 mg) coformulated with either tenofovir disoproxil (245 mg) or tenofovir alafena…

Rank95.1
Randomized controlled trial

Pathways of onward HIV disclosure in relationships among young people living with vertically acquired HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy: A qualitative analysis from the BREATHER Plus trial, South Africa.

Global public health · 2026 · PMID 42623024

For young people living with HIV (YPLHIV) navigating their status since birth, managing onward disclosure of a potentially stigmatising condition in relationships is challenging, and may or may not lead to social support, with implications for wellbeing. In a clinical trial setting in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, we investigate how young people living with vertically acquired HIV navigate onward disclosure. Data were from the qualitative component of the BREATHER Plus randomised controlled trial evaluating the effi…

Rank94.6
Randomized controlled trial

Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Single-Dose Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 Inhibitor, Budigalimab, in People With HIV-1 With Antiretroviral Therapy-Suppressed Viral Load.

The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026 · PMID 41955081

BACKGROUND: Blockade of inhibitory immune checkpoint receptor programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) on target immune cells is associated with improved HIV-specific immune function and activation of latent HIV. This randomized, placebo-controlled, Phase 1b study assessed low doses of investigational anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody, budigalimab, for safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics in people with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy. METHODS: Participants received single doses of budigalimab…

Rank92.0
Randomized controlled trialResult signal: harm

Randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial evaluating safety, immunogenicity, and reactogenicity of RSVPreF3-Mat in high-risk pregnant women and their infants.

Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026 · PMID 41766205

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes respiratory illness among infants; maternal vaccination confers passive protection through placental antibody transfer. This phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled trial evaluated safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of RSV prefusion protein F3 maternal vaccine (RSVPreF3-Mat), administered at 240/7 to 360/7 weeks of gestation to high-risk pregnant women (women with obstetric complications and/or human immunodeficiency virus infection or in pregnant adolescents), and t…

Rank87.4
Randomized clinical study

APOL1 kidney disease: a critical narrative review of molecular mechanisms, clinical heterogeneity, and the emerging therapeutic landscape.

International urology and nephrology · 2026 · PMID 42709370

BACKGROUND: The G1 and G2 variants of the APOL1 gene represent significant genetic risk factors for APOL1 kidney disease and contribute substantially to the excess burden of renal disease observed in individuals of African ancestry. Importantly, both variants exhibit incomplete penetrance, with only approximately 15-20% of high-risk genotype carriers ultimately developing overt nephropathy. OBJECTIVE: To provide a critically appraised, clinically oriented narrative synthesis of APOL1 kidney disease that (i) assigns…

Rank87.0
Randomized clinical study

Patient decision aids for pain medication management: A scoping review.

Patient education and counseling · 2026 · PMID 42607384

BACKGROUND: Medications are commonly used to manage pain; however, patients may find it challenging to weigh benefits and harms within the context of their own clinical circumstances, goals, and preferences. Patient Decision Aids (PtDAs) can improve knowledge and engagement in health decisions, yet the nature, content, and quality of PtDAs for pain medication management have not been evaluated. OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aimed to identify, describe, and appraise PtDAs for pain medication management, including t…

Rank86.2
Randomized clinical study

Safety and pharmacokinetics of CL-197, a potent compound with low cytotoxicity against HIV-1: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, first-in-human phase 1 clinical trial.

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026 · PMID 42695945

HIV infection remains a critical global public health concern. A potential long-acting therapeutic agent, 4'-ethynyl-2-fluoroadenosine analog 1c (CL-197), was investigated in a first-in-human phase 1 clinical trial. This single-center, randomized, double-blind, dose-escalation, placebo-controlled study assessed the safety and pharmacokinetics (PKs) of five doses of CL-197 (1, 10, 30, 60, and 100 mg) in healthy adults aged 18-45 years. The 1 mg group was open-label (n = 4), while the other groups were randomized 4:1…

Rank73.5
Multicenter clinical study

CABO-CHANCE study: A real-life world study of cabotegravir plus rilpivirine long-acting intramuscular in ART-experienced people with HIV.

International journal of antimicrobial agents · 2026 · PMID 42409127

BACKGROUND: This study of people with HIV (PWH) receiving CAB + RPV LAI evaluated its effectiveness, safety, and impact on inflammatory markers, body fat/lean mass distributions, quality of life, sleep, health satisfaction, and stigma experience over 1 y. METHODS: A prospective, longitudinal, multicentre study was conducted in 15 hospitals and enrolled between June 2023 and January 2024. It included virologically suppressed PWH (HIV-1 RNA <50 c/mL for ≥6 months) switched from oral antiretroviral therapy to CAB + RP…

Rank73.5
Multicenter clinical study

Allograft Rejection and the Latent HIV Reservoir in Kidney Transplant Recipients With HIV.

The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026 · PMID 41823991

People with HIV-1 have higher risk for rejection after kidney transplantation but the mechanism is poorly understood. As HIV latency promotes immune dysregulation and chronic inflammation, we evaluated whether the size of the HIV latent viral reservoir (LVR) at baseline and through 52-weeks is associated with rejection in kidney transplant recipients with HIV from donors with and without HIV. Using the intact proviral DNA assay, we found no differences in the LVR between those who experienced rejection (n = 14) ver…

Rank70.0
Multicenter clinical study

Twenty-four month effectiveness and safety of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in people with HIV: Real-world data from the BICSTaR Japan cohort.

Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy · 2026 · PMID 42551554

INTRODUCTION: BICSTaR (BICtegravir Single Tablet Regimen) is a multinational observational study assessing the virologic effectiveness and safety of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Previously, the 12-month analysis of the Japan cohort of BICSTaR showed high levels of virologic effectiveness and tolerability with B/F/TAF. METHODS: Data for 84 treatment-experienced (TE) or 116 treatment-naïve (TN) participants aged ≥20 years receiving B/F/TA…

Rank68.2
Prospective cohort study

Efficacy and tolerability of linezolid as an adjunctive treatment for nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in patients with adult-onset immunodeficiency syndrome: a prospective cohort study.

Annals of medicine · 2026 · PMID 42152739

BACKGROUND: Patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) diseases associated with anti-interferon gamma autoantibodies (anti-IFN-γ auto-Abs) often experience recurrences, despite prolonged treatment, which requires intravenous anti-mycobacterial therapy. Linezolid (LZD) shows a potential as an adjunct treatment, but there is limited data on its long-term efficacy and safety. METHODS: We conducted a prospective study from December 2017 to April 2022, to evaluate the efficacy of a nine-month oral LZD regimen in r…

Rank65.0
Phase I clinical trial

Safety, Immunovirologic, and Central Nervous System Effects of PD-1 Inhibition in People With HIV Without Malignancy.

The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026 · PMID 41797330

Checkpoint inhibitors are being explored for chronic central nervous system infections such as HIV, but safety data in the absence of malignancy are limited. In this phase 1 nonrandomized study, 6 individuals with virally suppressed HIV received a single dose of pembrolizumab to assess its safety and effects on immune, virologic, and central nervous system parameters. Over 12 months, 29 adverse events occurred, all grade 1 or 2, with no serious events. HIV immune responses and viral loads were unchanged, although t…

Rank60.0
Observational or cohort study

Exposure to size-specific particulate matter accelerates DNA methylation aging in people with HIV.

AIDS (London, England) · 2026 · PMID 42186779

BACKGROUND: People with HIV (PWH) face accelerated aging and increased health risks, with DNA methylation age (DNAmAge) as a critical senescence biomarker. Particulate matter is linked to DNAmAge acceleration (DNAmAA) in general population, but its impact in PWH remains unstudied. METHODS: Thirty-two PWH from Wuhan, China, were enrolled in a prospective panel study with follow-up, and each participant underwent at least two repeated measurements during the study period. Portable air quality monitor measured PM 1 , …

Rank51.7
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Real-World Experience With Lenacapavir and/or Fostemsavir as Emerging Therapies for the Management of Multidrug-Resistant HIV-1 in Southeastern France.

Journal of medical virology · 2026 · PMID 42725571

Lenacapavir and fostemsavir, two recently approved anti-HIV-1 agents, are promising options for people with difficult-to-treat HIV; however, real-world data remain limited. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and virological profiles of people receiving combination antiretroviral regimens, including lenacapavir and/or fostemsavir. This retrospective study included adults living with HIV-1 treated by lenacapavir and/or fostemsavir in our center (Marseille, France), between January 2023 and Ju…

Rank51.3
Other PubMed-indexed publication

The Modified 5-Item Frailty Index Is a Predictor of Perioperative Complications in Digital Replantation.

Hand (New York, N.Y.) · 2026 · PMID 40964731

BACKGROUND: Digit replantation has a significant risk of postoperative complications including an estimated reoperation rate around 14%. This study evaluates the modified frailty index 5 (mFI-5) in predicting postoperative complications including reoperation for digit replantation. METHODS: The American College of Surgeons' National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database (2007-2019) was queried to identify patients who underwent upper extremity blood vessel repair distal to the wrist. Demographics, patient c…

Rank50.0
Other PubMed-indexed publication

IMPAACT 2041: Designing the Study of Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir Treatment During Pregnancy.

Open forum infectious diseases · 2026 · PMID 42703521

The significant increase in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection prevalence among young adults, including those who may become pregnant, has led to a corresponding increase in the number of infants exposed to and infected with HCV. Despite a recommendation for universal HCV screening during pregnancy, there is not always a clear pathway to immediately initiate treatment for maternal cure, which could also prevent vertical transmission like the approach for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or hepatitis B virus. In 20…

Rank49.7
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Efficacy and metabolic outcomes of switching from an INSTI-based triple-drug regimen to dolutegravir/lamivudine in treatment-experienced HIV-1-infected patients: a 48-week real-world study.

Annals of medicine · 2026 · PMID 42124360

BACKGROUND: Real-world data on switching from INSTI-based triple therapy to DTG/3TC in the Chinese population are lacking. METHODS: This retrospective study included 214 treatment-experienced patients with HIV from Chongqing Public Health Medical Center (2021-2022) on an INSTI-based triple-drug regimen for ≥6 months who switched to DTG/3TC for >12 months. Patients with pre-existing metabolic diseases were excluded. Participants were categorized: INSTI+TAF-free (n = 100, prior TDF/AZT/ABC), INSTI+TAF (n = 56, prior …

Rank48.4
Other PubMed-indexed publication

The Big Bang: How Does Indoor Noise Affect Lifestyle Choices of Older Community-Dwelling Adults? An Exploratory Mixed Methods Study.

Australasian journal on ageing · 2026 · PMID 42703905

OBJECTIVES: To examine self-reported noise sensitivity and how older community-dwelling adults subjectively experience noise in community-based venues encountered in day-to-day life. METHODS: This exploratory mixed method study included older adults residing in an independent living community in New South Wales, Australia. It comprised a voluntary anonymised paper-based survey that included questions/statements from the Noise Sensitivity Scale (3-NS) and Noise Sensitivity Questionnaire (NoiSeQ), plus four focus gro…

Rank48.1
Other PubMed-indexed publication

Acceptability and preferences regarding long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy among people with HIV in Pakistan.

HIV research & clinical practice · 2026 · PMID 41729188

BACKGROUND: Long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy (LAI-ART) is an emerging alternative to daily oral ART, offering the potential to improve adherence, reduce dosing frequency, and alleviate treatment fatigue among people with HIV. There is limited evidence on its real-world acceptability, feasibility, and implementation challenges in low- and middle-income countries, such as Pakistan, where structural barriers and health system limitations may influence uptake. OBJECTIVE: This study explores the perspective…

Treatments That Failed Clinical Trials60 records
Rank101.3
Randomized controlled trialResult signal: harm

Adenovirus type 5 vector-based COVID-19 vaccine does not increase the likelihood of HIV infection.

Vaccine · 2026 · PMID 41785679

BACKGROUND: There is a concern about the potential increased risk of acquiring HIV infection after vaccination with adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) vector-based vaccines. We aimed to investigate whether Ad5-nCoV increases the risk of HIV infection. METHODS: Between September 2020 and March 2021, a Phase 3 clinical trial was executed to evaluate the efficacy of Ad5-nCoV. This trial, employing a double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled design, enrolled 44,247 participants from 66 clinical sites spanning Argentina, Ch…

Rank101.2
Randomized controlled trial

A Randomized Trial to Compare Dolutegravir Plus Boosted Darunavir Versus Recommended Standard of Care Antiretroviral Regimens in People With HIV-1, Whose First-line Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Therapy Has Failed: Final 96-week Results of the D2EFT Study.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026 · PMID 40577173

BACKGROUND: Longer-term outcome data following second-line antiretroviral therapy initiation in resource-limited settings is limited, especially in regions where genotypic resistance is inaccessible. This analysis evaluated extended efficacy and tolerability data from the D2EFT study. METHODS: D2EFT is a completed, multicenter, phase IIIB/IV, randomized, open-label trial in 14 low- and middle-income countries. People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who had failed first-line non-nucleoside reverse transcript…

Rank100.7
Randomized controlled trialResult signal: null

Comparison of the Hearing Benefits and User Satisfaction With Hearing Aids and Personal Sound Amplification Products: A Multicenter Prospective Randomized Crossover Trial.

Journal of Korean medical science · 2026 · PMID 42011002

BACKGROUND: While hearing aids (HAs) remain the primary intervention for hearing loss, their high cost creates barriers to access. Personal sound amplification products (PSAPs) are a more affordable alternative, but few studies have compared their efficacy to those of HAs. This multicenter, prospective, randomized, crossover trial was conducted to compare audiologic performance and user satisfaction between HAs and PSAPs to evaluate PSAP potential as alternatives for hearing rehabilitation. METHODS: A total of 73 p…

Rank100.6
Randomized controlled trialResult signal: benefit

Fluconazole plus flucytosine versus fluconazole alone for adults with HIV-associated cryptococcal antigenaemia identified through screening: a multi-centre phase III randomised-controlled trial.

Trials · 2026 · PMID 41877274

BACKGROUND: Despite the expansion of antiretroviral treatment programmes, the incidence and mortality of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis remain high in Africa. Cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) in the blood precedes meningitis. CrAg screening of individuals with advanced HIV disease, combined with pre-emptive fluconazole treatment, reduces the risk of cryptococcal meningitis and associated mortality. However, mortality among individuals with antigenaemia treated with fluconazole is higher than that of CD4-matched …

Rank100.5
Randomized controlled trial

LC16m8 for Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Against Mpox in a High-Risk Population: An Open-Label Randomized Trial.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026 · PMID 39982831

BACKGROUND: This randomized controlled trial provided LC16m8 pre-exposure prophylaxis to high-risk individuals to assess its efficacy for mpox prevention, safety, and immunogenicity. METHODS: This multicenter, randomized, open-label trial enrolled men and women aged ≥18 years at high risk of mpox. Participants were randomly assigned 1:1 to early- or late-vaccination groups. The primary endpoint was vaccine efficacy (VE) against mpox. Secondary endpoints included VE against severe mpox, symptoms, "take" incidence, a…

Rank99.3
Randomized controlled trial

Comparable Inflammatory and Metabolic Outcomes After Switching to Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide Versus Continuing Dolutegravir/Lamivudine in Virologically Suppressed Adults With HIV (INSTINCT/GESIDA10918 Study).

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026 · PMID 41070447

BACKGROUND: Dual antiretroviral therapy (ART) with dolutegravir/lamivudine (DTG/3TC) is widely used in virologically suppressed individuals. However, data remain limited on potential differential effects of ART regimens on mid-term systemic inflammation and metabolic health. We evaluated whether switching from DTG/3TC to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) modifies systemic inflammation or metabolic parameters. METHODS: INSTINCT was a phase IV, multicenter, open-label, randomized trial enr…

Rank99.3
Randomized controlled trialResult signal: null

Efficacy and safety of the Chinese herbal medicine Yiaikang capsule in treating AIDS: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.

Journal of ethnopharmacology · 2026 · PMID 41967778

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The Shuyu pill is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, used to treat Xu Lao for over 1800 years. Studies have reported the effectiveness of Yiaikang capsules (YAK), a modified form of Shuyu pills, in AIDS treatment. However, clinical evidence for the management of AIDS using YAK is lacking. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of YAK combined with antiretroviral therapy (ART) among people living with HIV infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a randomized, do…

Rank99.0
Randomized controlled trial

Promoting shared decision-making in colorectal cancer screening in primary care: A cluster randomized controlled trial.

PloS one · 2026 · PMID 42263092

INTRODUCTION: In Switzerland, primary care physicians (PCP) prescribe colonoscopy for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rather than offering a choice between colonoscopy and faecal occult blood test (FOBT). This study evaluated a training program promoting shared decision-making for CRC screening. METHODS: PCP from a research network were randomized 1:1 into intervention or control. The intervention group received study materials, patient decision aids, evidence summary, FOBT sample kit, and personalized feedback o…

Rank98.6
Randomized controlled trialResult signal: null

Early antiretroviral therapy and long-term cancer risk in HIV: 9-year outcomes from the START randomized trial.

BMC cancer · 2026 · PMID 42251304

BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces cancer risk in people with HIV (PWH) but the long-term impact of immediate ART initiation on infection-related and infection-unrelated cancers remains unclear. METHODS: In the Strategic Timing of Antiretroviral Treatment (START) trial, 4684 ART-naïve adult PWH with CD4 + T-cell count above 500 cells/mm3 were randomized to immediate or deferred ART initiation arms (i.e., until CD4 + T-cells below 350 cells/mm3). In May 2015, unblinding revealed a 74% reduction in infe…

Rank98.4
Randomized controlled trial

HIV Care Retention and Cost Analysis in Multi-Month ART Dispensing: A Randomized Controlled Trial in China.

Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026 · PMID 42339560

INTRODUCTION: Multi-month dispensing (MMD), as a differentiated service delivery model, can reduce the frequency of clinic visits, waiting time and travel costs for clinically stable people living with HIV. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of 6-month MMD of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on retention and conduct a cost analysis in China. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, non-blind, non-inferiority study from December 2022 to March 2023 at The First Hospital of China Medical University. Eligible participants …

Rank97.8
Randomized controlled trialResult signal: null

Weight gain, body composition, and metabolic parameters of dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy versus standard of care in children and adolescents: an ancillary analysis of the ODYSSEY trial.

The Lancet. Child & adolescent health · 2026 · PMID 41579881

BACKGROUND: ODYSSEY trial showed superior efficacy of dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) versus then-current, non-dolutegravir standard of care over 96 weeks in children and adolescents living with HIV. The aim of this ancillary analysis was to compare anthropometric and body composition outcomes, including weight, height, BMI-for-age Z score, weight-for-age and height-for-age Z scores (<14 kg), mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC), waist circumference, hip circumference, and body fat percentage, as well…

Rank97.7
Randomized controlled trialResult signal: null

Effectiveness of behavioural tobacco cessation interventions with and without pharmacotherapy among people living with HIV in Viet Nam: a three-arm pragmatic randomised controlled trial.

The Lancet. Global health · 2026 · PMID 41713442

BACKGROUND: People living with HIV are two to three times more likely to smoke than the general population, resulting in higher risk for tobacco-related morbidity and mortality. Despite this growing burden of disease, there is little evidence for the long-term effectiveness of tobacco cessation interventions among people living with HIV, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of three tobacco cessation interventions among people living with HIV. METHODS: We con…

Rank97.7
Randomized controlled trial

Genotype distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) types in oral gargle specimens among men living with HIV in Mexico, Brazil, and Puerto Rico: A cross-sectional study.

The Journal of infection · 2026 · PMID 42070588

OBJECTIVES: Assess the distribution of oral HPV genotypes and examine their associations with age and HIV-related factors among men living with HIV. METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed baseline data from a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled Phase III trial ('ULACNet-201'; NCT04255849) assessing the 9vHPV vaccine's efficacy in PLWH. Participants included men aged 20-50 years from Brazil, Mexico, and Puerto Rico, on antiretroviral therapy for ≥6 months. Oral HPV genotypes were assessed using the …

Rank97.6
Randomized controlled trial

A Community Located Insurance Navigation Intervention to Link Sexual and Gender Minorities in Status Neutral Care: Results From the Navigating Insurance Coverage Expansion Randomized Controlled Trial.

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2026 · PMID 41181883

BACKGROUND: Black and Hispanic/Latino sexual gender minorities are disproportionately affected by HIV. Structural determinants of health, such as health insurance coverage, drive care engagement and improve HIV care outcomes. METHODS: Black and Hispanic/Latino sexual gender minorities and transgender persons ≥18 years of age, living in Chicago, IL, were enrolled and randomized to receive health insurance navigation (intervention) or standard of care. Primary and secondary outcomes were analyzed using 2-way continge…

Rank97.6
Randomized controlled trialResult signal: null

Hypertension in a Randomized Trial of Dolutegravir- Versus Efavirenz-Based Antiretroviral Therapy in Pregnant and Postpartum Women with HIV.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026 · PMID 41973953

INTRODUCTION: We performed an analysis of incident hypertension in a randomized trial comparing dolutegravir (DTG) + emtricitabine (F)/tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) versus DTG + F/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) versus efavirenz (EFV)/F/TDF in pregnant and postpartum women with HIV. METHODS: Women were randomized at 14-28 weeks gestational age (GA) to start DTG + F/TAF, DTG + F/TDF, or EFV/F/TDF and followed through 50 weeks postpartum. The composite incident hypertension outcome was defined as initiation of anti…

Rank97.6
Randomized controlled trialResult signal: harm

Oral preexposure prophylaxis use and the risk of bacterial sexually transmitted infections and HIV among African women: A prospective observational cohort study.

PLoS medicine · 2026 · PMID 41802176

BACKGROUND: Oral preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) effectively reduces HIV incidence when used with sufficient adherence, but does not protect against bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Several studies have documented high rates of bacterial STIs among individuals initiating and using PrEP. We evaluated the association between PrEP use and the risk of STI among African women accessing family planning clinics. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We conducted a prospective cohort study nested within a large pragmatic s…

Rank97.4
Randomized controlled trial

Men's willingness to receive text messages and speak with an HIV counselor via the National HIV Hotline following HIV self-testing in Tanzania; a baseline cross- sectional analysis from a cluster -randomized controlled trial.

BMC public health · 2026 · PMID 41998582

BACKGROUND: Tanzania faces a significant burden of HIV, with challenges in reaching men and ensuring timely linkage to care. To address these issues, HIV self-testing (HIVST) has been implemented to increase HIV testing, and the National HIV Hotlines are being considered as a strategy to facilitate linkage to care. This study aimed to assess the willingness of Tanzanian men to receive support from use the National HIV Hotline via mobile phones for HIVST and linkage to care. This is the baseline cross-sectional anal…

Rank97.2
Randomized controlled trial

Effects of an agricultural intervention on psychosocial health among pregnant and nonpregnant women with HIV in Kenya.

AIDS (London, England) · 2026 · PMID 41467698

OBJECTIVES: We examined whether effects of an agricultural livelihood intervention on food insecurity and psychosocial outcomes remained robust in pregnant compared to nonpregnant women living with HIV, and whether potentially negative associations between pregnancy and these outcomes were alleviated by the intervention. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of the Shamba Maisha cluster-randomized controlled trial ( N = 396 women; NCT02815579). The intervention included agribusiness training and supplies. METHODS: Food insecu…

Rank97.2
Randomized controlled trialResult signal: null

Repeat Behavioral Counseling, With and Without Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy, for Smoking Cessation Among People With HIV in South Africa.

AIDS and behavior · 2026 · PMID 41689618

Repeating an intervention strategy consistent with the chronic disease care model has been demonstrated to be efficacious in improving cessation outcomes among smokers. However, evidence is lacking for repeat treatment outcomes among people with HIV (PWH) who smoke in low-resource settings. We evaluated outcomes among participants (n = 384) who were provided a second round of treatment after initial treatment failure in a randomized controlled trial of behavioral counseling (BC) with or without combination nicotine…

Rank97.2
Randomized controlled trialResult signal: null

Frailty phenotype transitions and functional improvements during a supervised exercise trial in older people with HIV: results from the HEALTH Trial.

Age and ageing · 2026 · PMID 42407092

BACKGROUND: Frailty and sarcopenia contribute to functional decline in older people with HIV (PWH), yet intervention data remain limited. We evaluated changes in frailty phenotype status, sarcopenia-related outcomes and functional performance during a supervised exercise trial and assessed associations between baseline frailty, study withdrawal and intervention response. METHODS: The High-Intensity Exercise to Attenuate Limitations and Train Habits in Older Adults with HIV (HEALTH) study randomised sedentary PWH ag…

Rank96.9
Randomized controlled trial

Mediation Effects of Biobehavioral Factors in a Trial of Pharmacotherapy and Intensive Cessation Counseling for People with HIV Who Smoke Cigarettes in Nairobi, Kenya.

AIDS and behavior · 2026 · PMID 41369963

There is growing recognition of the important health risks of tobacco use in people with HIV (PWH). Multiple randomized controlled trials have tested cessation treatments in this population, but little is known about factors that mediate successful quitting. We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled 2 × 2 factorial design trial of a behavioral intervention (Positively Smoke Free [PSF] one-on-one counseling) vs. brief advice to quit ± bupropion vs. placebo in PWH who smoked cigarettes in Nairobi, Kenya. Abstinen…

Rank96.6
Randomized controlled trial

Adapted Motivational Interviewing Reduces Substance Use and Sexual Risk Taking Among Partnered Sexual Minority Men Aged 18-35 Years: Results of the PARTNER Study.

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2026 · PMID 41343494

BACKGROUND: The development of interventions addressing drug use and sexual HIV infection risk for emerging adult sexual minority men in primary relationships is a public health priority. This study evaluated the efficacy of PARTNER, a 4-session motivational interviewing intervention, to reduce cannabis and illicit drug use, increase preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake, and reduce HIV infection risk. SETTING: Staff at Hunter College in New York City, NY, administered study procedures between January 2018 and Febr…

Rank96.6
Randomized controlled trial

Impact of Timing and Format of Patient Decision Aids on Involvement in Shared Decision-Making for Patients With Breast Cancer: The IMPACTT Randomized, Controlled Study.

Clinical breast cancer · 2026 · PMID 42531657

BACKGROUND: For people with breast cancer facing adjuvant treatment decisions, it is unclear whether providing a patient decision aid (PtDA) before versus during the consultation leads to greater involvement in shared decision-making (SDM). The overall aim was to evaluate the effect of a digital preconsult PtDA compared with an identical in-consult paper-based PtDA. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this randomized controlled trial, patients with breast cancer eligible for adjuvant treatment were randomized to a digital PtD…

Rank96.6
Randomized controlled trial

Same-day initiation of tenofovir alafenamide-based pre-exposure prophylaxis with drug-level feedback for transgender women in Uganda.

AIDS (London, England) · 2026 · PMID 42657610

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of same-day initiation of emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (F/TAF) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and test the impact of drug-level feedback on PrEP adherence among transgender women (TGW) in Uganda. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. METHODS: HIV-negative TGW were randomly assigned 1 : 1 to intervention (drug-level feedback with tailored adherence counseling) or standard-of-care (SOC), and followed quarterly for 12 months (November 2021-July 2023; NCT0…

Rank96.6
Randomized controlled trial

An integrated HIV and chronic disease intervention to reduce HIV infection risk among older men who have sex with men in China: a randomized controlled trial.

BMC public health · 2026 · PMID 42021278

INTRODUCTION: Population ageing has altered the health profile of men who have sex with men (MSM) in China, with older MSM experiencing overlapping challenges related to sexual health risks, chronic diseases, and stigma-related barriers to care. Conventional HIV interventions often fail to address these age-specific health priorities. This study evaluated an integrated HIV and chronic disease intervention, informed by the Health Belief Model (HBM), to examine its impact on HIV infection risk among older MSM. METHOD…

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Research information notice

Alexandria organizes PubMed-indexed literature. PubMed inclusion does not establish accuracy, endorsement, clinical applicability, or treatment suitability. Automated extraction can contain errors or omissions. This page is not medical advice.